Recent and Historical Data Trends for Children Served in the CWS System Barbara Needell, MSW, PhD

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1 Recent and Historical Data Trends for Children Served in the CWS System Assembly Budget Subcommittee #1 on Health and Human Services Asm Holly Mitchell, Chair Sacramento, CA April 3, 2013 Barbara Needell, MSW, PhD Principal Investigator, California Child Welfare Indicators Project Center for Social Services Research School of Social Welfare University of California at Berkeley

2 Table of Contents Allegation, Substantiation, and Entry Rates (California)... 1 Number of Children Entering, Exiting, and In Care (California) Number of Children in Care on Last Day of Federal FY (National & California)... 4 In Care Rates, by Race/Ethnicity (California)... 5 Allegations: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties)... 6 Substantiations: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties)... 7 Entries into Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties)... 8 Number of Children (0 17) in Foster Care (Counties)... 9 Number of Children (0 17) Entering Foster Care (Counties) Number of Children (0 17) Exiting Foster Care (Counties) Number of Children in Foster Care on Last Day of Federal FY (National & by State) Black Children in Foster Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties) White Children in Foster Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties) Latino Children in Foster Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties) Asian/Pacific Islander Children in Foster Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties) Native American Children in Foster Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties) All Children in Foster Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (Counties) Data Sources Contact... 21

3 In, 53.1 per 1,000 of California s children were reported for maltreatment. This rate has increased slightly h l in i recent years, with ih a 3% increase this past year. Allegation, Substantiation, i and Entry Rates: California s children were Children 0 17 Allegation Rates per 1,000 children were found dto be victims iti of maltreatment. There has been a 21% decline in the substantiation rate in the past 5 years er 1,0 p te Ra at 3.33 per 1,000 children entered foster care in. While this is a 13% decrease in the entry rate over the past t 5 years, there has been no change in the past 3 years Substantiation ti ti Rt Rates years Entry Rt Rates Year (January December) RATES Interval 1 year: 5 year: 2011 to to Allegation Rates (CW, 0 17) % 2.9% 31% 3.1% Substantiation Rates (CW, 0 17) % 63% 20.5% Entry Rates (CW, 0 17) % 0% 13.2% Rates: edu/ucb childwelfare/refrates aspx (Retrieved April 2, 2013) page 1

4 There has been a 24% Number b of f Children Entering, i Eii Exiting, and d In Care: decline in the number of children age 0 17 in foster Children0 17 (Exits: days) care over the past 5 years, but virtually i y no change h g in 120, the most recent year. The foster care caseload is driven by both entries and In Care exits. Declines inthe 100, number of 0 17 year olds in care occur when more children exit (or turn 18 years old in care) than 80, enter. Co ou un nt 60, Exits On January 1, 2013, there were 2,940 youth age 0 17 in probation supervised foster care. As of January 1, 2013, there 40,000 were 4,645 non minor dependents age 18 and Entries older in child welfare supervised foster care a a 20, % increase for the most recent year. There were also 1,485 probation bti supervised non minor 0 dependents incare care Year ENTRIES AND EXITS (CW) Interval 1 year: 5 year:,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 to to In Care (0 17 yrs) 105,751 95,606 90,442 86,408 80,613 76,553 74,558 72,604 68,295 61,508 56,348 53,916 51,621 51,850 04% 0.4% 24.1% Entries* i *(0 17 yrs) 36,700 35,435 35,954 35,764 35,419 35, ,659 37,430 36,218 32,959 31,780 30,828 30,183 30,483 10% 1.0% 15.8% Exits* (0 18 yrs + 60 days) 35, , ,963 37,614 38,724 37,068 37,134 36, ,521 37,025 34,211 30,612 29,785 27, % 91% 27.8% *Preceding Year Jan 1 Dec 31 In Care Counts: Entries: Exits: (Retrieved April il2, 2013) (Retrieved April il2, 2013) (Retrieved April il2, 2013) page 2

5 IN CARE (CW) Point In Time 1 year: 5 year: to to CW Total (CW) 107,998 97,833 92,807 88,725 83,096 78,964 77,069 75,265 71, ,339 59,215 56, , ,495 38% 3.8% 20.6% Age: 0 3,809 3,530 3,631 3,691 3,819 3,917 4,369 4,364 3,896 3,421 3,171 3,274 3,201 3, % 11.6% Age: ,348 9,357 8, ,716 8,565 8,492 8,597 8,989 8, ,867 7, ,416 7, ,461 35% 3.5% 15.5% 5% Age: ,309 14, ,585 11,652 10,563 10, , ,213 9,805 9,036 8, ,619 8, ,731 12% 1.2% 11.0% Age: ,367 28,766 25,674 22,989 19,999 18,000 16,702 15,833 14,831 13,315 12,082 11,519 11,294 11, % 20.3% Age: ,915 29, ,595 28, ,158 25,445 23,940 22,382 20,389 18,002 16,066 14, ,412 12, % 39% 36.8% Age: , ,839 10, ,474 10,509 10,562 10,770 10,823 10,544 9,867 9, ,629 7, , % 46% 28.7% SUBTOTAL: Age: ,751 95,606 90,442 86,408 80,613 76,553 74,558 72,604 68,295 61,508 56,348 53,916 51,621 51,850 04% 0.4% 24.1% Age: , , , ,317 2,483 2,411 2,511 2,661 2,827 2,831 2, ,652 2, , % 5% 64.3% ENTRIES Interval Percent tchange 1 year: 5 year: 2011 to to All Total l(cw) 36,737 35,466 35,995 35,797 35,459 35,417 37,699 37,463 36,260 33,021 31,821 30,857 30,210 30,694 16% 1.6% 15.4% Age: 0 6,062 5,697 5, ,999 6,318 6,423 7,151 7,139 6,878 5,956 5, ,506 5, ,629 25% 2.5% 18.2% Age: 1 2 4,607 4,577 4, ,665 4,731 4,871 5,247 5,293 5,131 4,893 5, ,984 4, , % 11.7% Age: 3 5 6,422 6,065 5,973 5,828 5,664 5,819 6,198 6,075 6,044 5,440 5,493 5,507 5,663 5, % 7.5% Age: ,847 9,338 9, ,065 8,457 8,193 8,400 8,173 7, ,959 6, ,432 6, ,643 47% 4.7% 14.6% Age: ,856 7,859 8, ,184 8,126 7,994 8,270 8,236 7,848 7,173 6, ,259 6, , % 24.5% Age: ,906 1,899 1,957 2,023 2,123 2,082 2,393 2,514 2,540 2,538 2,340 2,140 2,021 2, % 15.0% SUBTOTAL: Age: ,700 35,435 35,954 35,764 35,419 35, ,659 37,430 36,218 32,959 31,780 30,828 30,183 30,483 10% 1.0% 15.8% Age: % 402.4% 4% EXITS Interval 1 year: 5 year: 2011 to to All Total (CW) 37,930 46,175 41,550 40,349 41, , , ,568 40,624 40, ,270 33,725 32,454 28, % 29.1% Age: 0 1,461 1,540 1,541 1,682 1,844 1,922 2,087 2,216 2,322 2,072 1,896 1,713 1,653 1, % 35.8% Age: 1 2 4,893 5,278 5, ,078 5, ,620 6,052 6,140 6, , , ,415 5, , % 62% 24.7% Age: 3 5 7,673 8,672 7, ,832 7,127 6,821 6,861 6,791 7,219 7,053 6, ,321 6, , % 68% 15.9% Age: ,849 13,052 11,305 10,347 10, ,310 9,003 8,617 8,514 8,611 7, ,174 6, , % 21.3% Age: ,451 10,106 9,018 9,039 9,294 8,686 8,305 8,040 7,981 7,642 6,827 6,061 5,778 5, % 35.5% Age: days 4,012 4,838 4, ,636 4,714 4,709 4,826 4,860 4,848 4,961 4, ,928 3, , % 6% 44.8% SUBTOTAL: Age: days 35, , ,963 37,614 38,724 37,068 37,134 36, ,521 37,025 34,211 30,612 29,785 27, % 27.8% days 20 2,591 2,689 2,587 2,735 2,734 2,940 2,889 2,904 3,103 3,066 3,059 3,113 2,669 1, % 45.0% page pg 3

6 California s foster Number of Children in Care on the Last Day of care caseload trends mirror that the Federal Fiscal Year: of the country as a 500, whole. Many states have National (minus California) experienced a 450,000 moderation of their caseload 400,000 decrease or an increase in the 350, past few years. 300, Cou un nt 250, , , , California 50, Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) RATES Interval Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 1 year: 5 year: 2011 to to Nti National 509, , , , , , , , , % 14% 20.7% Nti National l( (minus California) i 422, , , , , , , , , % 15% 19.5% California 87,278 82,641 80,247 76,405 73,998 67, ,583 56,183 55, % 14% 27.5% Source: hhs pdf (retrieved April 2, 2013) page 4

7 In Care Rates, by Race/Ethnicity: i In mid, per 1,000 Black children were in foster care, compared to 5.2 per Children Whit 1,000 White and Latino Lti children. In care rates for Black White Latino Asian/PI Native American All Black children have declined much more dramatically over time than rates for other children ,00 te pe er Rat Year (as of July 1) IN CARE RATES, BY RACE Interval 1 year: 5 year: 2011 to to 2011 Black k( (CW, 0 17) % 28.1% White (CW, 0 17) % 0.0% 17.5% Lti Latino (CW, 0 17) % 19% 24.6% Ai Asian/Pacific ifi Islander Il (CW, % 0.0% 23.5% Native American (CW, 0 17) % 23% 9.7% 97% All (CW, 0 17) % 34% 26.3% In Care Rates: edu/ucb childwelfare/incarerates aspx (Retrieved April 2, 2013) page 5

8 Allegations: Incidence per 1,000 Children (CW, 0 17) County Interval year: year: California % 3.1% Alameda % 12.8% Alpine % % Amador % 43.6% Butte % 19.1% Calaveras % 17.8% Colusa % 11.1% Contra Costa % 2.3% Del Norte % 18.6% El Dorado % 3.6% Fresno % 2.4% Glenn % 15.7% Humboldt % 7.3% Imperial % 34.0% Inyo % 9.9% Kern % 7.4% Kings % 13.5% Lake % 0.7% Lassen % 2.8% Los Angeles % 16.9% Madera % 4.3% Marin % 3.6% Mariposa % 107.8% Mendocino % 9.9% Merced % 9.6% Modoc % 7.1% Mono % 6.8% Monterey % 37.3% Napa % 23.5% Nevada % 39.7% Orange % 7.4% Placer % 20.8% Plumas % 16.4% Riverside % 9.9% Sacramento % 6.4% San Benito % 33.6% San Bernardino % 5.3% San Diego % 1.5% San Francisco % 16.7% San Joaquin % 12.5% San Luis Obispo % 9.5% San Mateo % 15.9% Santa Barbara % 6.5% Santa Clara % 12.6% Santa Cruz % 14.5% Shasta % 23.3% Sierra % 55.8% Siskiyou % 5.4% Solano % 7.8% Sonoma % 10.5% Stanislaus % 1.5% Sutter % 10.1% Tehama % 13.7% Trinity % 4.2% Tulare % 13.8% Tuolumne % 11.1% Ventura % 19.9% Yolo % 7.7% Yuba % 5.4% page 6

9 Substantiations: Incidence per 1,000 Children (CW, 0 17) County Interval year: year: California % 20.5% Alameda % 53.8% Alpine % 100.0% Amador % 35.0% Butte % 42.2% Calaveras % 33.6% Colusa % 24.8% Contra Costa % 40.2% Del Norte % 30.2% El Dorado % 23.2% Fresno % 13.7% Glenn % 28.2% Humboldt % 40.3% Imperial % 32.9% Inyo % 17.3% Kern % 21.4% Kings % 8.3% Lake % 50.8% Lassen % 26.9% Los Angeles % 14.0% Madera % 5.4% Marin % 25.9% Mariposa % 35.1% Mendocino % 42.3% Merced % 19.7% Modoc % 14.7% Mono % 74.9% Monterey % 40.3% Napa % 87.5% Nevada % 5.8% Orange % 39.5% Placer % 38.1% Plumas % 25.9% Riverside % 26.7% Sacramento % 46.7% San Benito % 59.4% San Bernardino % 9.4% San Diego % 47.9% San Francisco % 37.8% San Joaquin % 55.6% San Luis Obispo % 34.3% San Mateo % 51.1% Santa Barbara % 48.2% Santa Clara % 39.5% Santa Cruz % 47.6% Shasta % 25.7% Sierra % 84.5% Siskiyou % 44.8% Solano % 29.5% Sonoma % 44.9% Stanislaus % 12.2% Sutter % 45.5% Tehama % 8.1% Trinity % 44.3% Tulare % 36.1% Tuolumne % 47.0% Ventura % 59.5% Yolo % 18.1% Yuba % 52.0% page 7

10 Entries into Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (CW, 0 17) County Interval year: year: California % 13.2% Alameda % 45.2% Alpine N.A. N.A. Amador % 31.6% Butte % 34.0% Calaveras % 53.1% Colusa % 18.4% Contra Costa % 17.9% Del Norte % 16.8% El Dorado % 21.4% Fresno % 14.0% Glenn % 16.0% Humboldt % 43.2% Imperial % 29.6% Inyo % 4.3% Kern % 45.6% Kings % 11.7% Lake % 21.6% Lassen % 29.7% Los Angeles % 0.0% Madera % 92.6% Marin % 57.1% Mariposa % 3.0% Mendocino % 6.0% Merced % 17.4% Modoc % 43.3% Mono N.A % Monterey % 26.1% Napa % 69.2% Nevada % 40.9% Orange % 30.4% Placer % 6.3% Plumas % 40.6% Riverside % 33.9% Sacramento % 41.4% San Benito % 2.7% San Bernardino % 12.1% San Diego % 6.5% San Francisco % 15.0% San Joaquin % 10.3% San Luis Obispo % 13.5% San Mateo % 29.4% Santa Barbara % 7.1% Santa Clara % 37.9% Santa Cruz % 31.6% Shasta % 15.4% Sierra % 100.0% Siskiyou % 35.6% Solano % 19.0% Sonoma % 37.5% Stanislaus % 29.4% Sutter % 33.3% Tehama % 53.3% Trinity % 216.9% Tulare % 18.2% Tuolumne % 56.5% Ventura % 92.9% Yolo % 29.8% Yuba % 11.5% page 8

11 Number of Children in Foster Care (CW, 0 17) Point In Time year: to year: to 2013 California 105,751 95,606 90,442 86,408 80,613 76,553 74,558 72,604 68,295 61,508 56,348 53,916 51,621 51, % 24.1% Alameda 4,213 4,234 4,096 3,717 3,277 2,892 2,655 2,392 2,245 2,041 1,787 1,547 1,356 1, % 46.9% Alpine N.A. N.A. Amador % 17.2% Butte % 34.1% Calaveras % 10.7% Colusa % 57.1% Contra Costa 2,253 2,184 2,213 2,105 1,947 1,808 1,694 1,581 1,421 1,284 1, % 30.1% Del Norte % 25.3% El Dorado % 16.3% Fresno 3,253 3,316 3,295 3,217 2,881 2,721 2,538 2,315 2,495 2,383 2,308 2,073 1,785 1, % 32.9% Glenn % 31.5% Humboldt % 8.4% Imperial % 37.8% Inyo % 13.3% Kern 2,403 2,465 2,652 2,847 2,877 2,755 2,555 2,331 2,261 2,015 2,056 1,853 1,898 1, % 29.1% Kings % 7.1% Lake % 42.1% Lassen % 24.6% Los Angeles 47,797 38,944 34,151 31,569 28,569 25,763 24,126 23,369 21,805 19,297 17,999 17,396 16,839 17, % 19.9% Madera % 11.1% Marin % 6.0% Mariposa % 22.5% Mendocino % 15.4% Merced % 7.9% Modoc % 33.3% Mono % 75.0% Monterey % 33.9% Napa % 10.3% Nevada % 37.7% Orange 4,618 4,175 4,093 3,676 3,152 2,960 2,877 3,032 3,030 2,841 2,494 2,364 2,243 2, % 26.7% Placer % 3.4% Plumas % 38.1% Riverside 4,538 4,190 4,232 4,382 4,517 4,787 5,201 5,668 5,358 4,113 3,714 3,983 3,804 3, % 30.3% Sacramento 5,869 5,496 5,093 4,796 4,264 4,098 4,313 4,189 3,810 3,923 3,472 2,922 2,372 2, % 42.8% San Benito % 9.3% San Bernardino 4,960 5,264 5,271 5,276 5,040 5,061 4,949 4,620 4,435 3,828 3,536 3,738 3,912 4, % 9.0% San Diego 6,797 6,766 6,648 6,312 6,031 5,733 5,752 5,457 4,876 4,578 3,969 3,562 3,347 3, % 35.0% San Francisco 2,562 2,342 2,234 2,260 2,169 2,032 1,823 1,729 1,501 1,388 1,252 1, % 37.8% San Joaquin 1,483 1,507 1,568 1,614 1,601 1,608 1,675 1,615 1,488 1,318 1,208 1,220 1,151 1, % 18.3% San Luis Obispo % 0.6% San Mateo % 30.4% Santa Barbara % 4.6% Santa Clara 2,598 2,512 2,381 2,357 2,152 1,975 2,030 1,931 1,799 1,534 1, , % 42.9% Santa Cruz % 11.7% Shasta % 11.3% Sierra % 94.1% Siskiyou % 22.2% Solano % 12.2% Sonoma % 7.8% Stanislaus % 4.2% Sutter % 17.5% Tehama % 9.2% Trinity % 81.8% Tulare 1,355 1,275 1,233 1,197 1,078 1,125 1,102 1, % 1.4% Tuolumne % 20.2% Ventura % 33.5% Yolo % 39.6% Yuba % 28.7% page 9

12 Number of Children Entering Foster Care (CW, 0 17) 1999 Interval year: 2011 to 5 year: to California 36,700 35,435 35,954 35,764 35,419 35,382 37,659 37,430 36,218 32,959 31,780 30,828 30,183 30, % 15.8% Alameda 1,547 1,467 1,518 1,304 1,315 1,221 1,256 1,160 1, % 47.0% Alpine N.A. N.A. Amador % 11.1% Butte % 38.1% Calaveras % 37.8% Colusa % 20.8% Contra Costa % 18.9% Del Norte % 5.9% El Dorado % 10.6% Fresno 1,534 1,382 1,358 1,334 1,167 1,179 1, ,200 1,097 1, , % 15.8% Glenn % 21.3% Humboldt % 33.9% Imperial % 28.4% Inyo % 0.0% Kern 1,133 1,365 1,449 1,562 1,559 1,473 1,431 1,292 1,438 1,318 1,348 1,252 1, % 45.5% Kings % 8.7% Lake % 27.8% Lassen % 6.8% Los Angeles 9,958 8,664 8,440 8,853 8,305 8,529 10,384 10,617 10,929 10,223 10,725 10,219 9,644 10, % 8.3% Madera % 87.1% Marin % 64.7% Mariposa % 8.7% Mendocino % 9.7% Merced % 15.3% Modoc % 45.0% Mono N.A % Monterey % 29.4% Napa % 59.5% Nevada % 22.2% Orange 2,018 1,826 1,928 1,862 1,916 1,758 1,642 1,839 1,762 1,501 1,328 1,390 1,247 1, % 34.6% Placer % 3.1% Plumas % 51.2% Riverside 2,286 2,392 2,509 2,921 3,126 3,327 3,602 4,009 3,677 2,303 2,392 2,764 2,608 2, % 35.7% Sacramento 2,600 2,498 2,507 2,437 2,138 2,406 2,652 2,447 2,142 2,412 1,910 1,147 1,220 1, % 42.4% San Benito % 3.3% San Bernardino 2,437 2,435 2,423 2,275 2,412 2,333 2,205 2,031 2,032 1,617 1,679 2,028 2,052 2, % 5.2% San Diego 3,249 3,061 2,913 2,785 2,816 2,487 2,791 2,475 2,293 2,499 2,093 2,058 2,066 2, % 9.8% San Francisco % 9.1% San Joaquin % 13.3% San Luis Obispo % 4.5% San Mateo % 25.9% Santa Barbara % 11.8% Santa Clara 1,533 1,638 1,582 1,492 1,344 1,136 1,295 1,338 1, % 38.6% Santa Cruz % 34.7% Shasta % 9.3% Sierra % 100.0% Siskiyou % 26.8% Solano % 8.9% Sonoma % 36.4% Stanislaus % 23.7% Sutter % 36.2% Tehama % 50.8% Trinity % 182.4% Tulare % 23.5% Tuolumne % 37.5% Ventura % 79.3% Yolo % 34.8% Yuba % 12.8% page 10

13 Number of Children Exiting Foster Care (CW, days) 1999 Interval year: 2011 to 5 year: to California 35,339 43,486 38,963 37,614 38,724 37,068 37,134 36,664 37,521 37,025 34,211 30,612 29,785 27, % 27.8% Alameda 1,404 1,350 1,529 1,516 1,574 1,411 1,330 1,233 1, % 49.9% Alpine N.A. N.A. Amador % 32.4% Butte % 22.4% Calaveras % 6.1% Colusa % 51.3% Contra Costa % 42.8% Del Norte % 51.0% El Dorado % 14.7% Fresno 1,630 1,292 1,336 1,387 1,461 1,286 1,246 1, ,148 1,196 1,092 1,164 1, % 4.7% Glenn % 31.0% Humboldt % 4.9% Imperial % 36.6% Inyo % 66.7% Kern 1,303 1,309 1,237 1,332 1,508 1,544 1,567 1,464 1,463 1,517 1,268 1,441 1,203 1, % 31.6% Kings % 21.7% Lake % 23.3% Lassen % 15.9% Los Angeles 9,867 15,977 11,826 10,000 9,781 9,914 10,584 10,028 11,037 11,510 10,897 9,788 9,293 8, % 24.1% Madera % 9.0% Marin % 23.1% Mariposa % 29.4% Mendocino % 33.9% Merced % 10.5% Modoc % 72.0% Mono N.A % Monterey % 50.4% Napa % 18.8% Nevada % 27.5% Orange 1,909 2,151 1,899 2,161 2,293 1,808 1,578 1,550 1,634 1,634 1,514 1,408 1, % 38.9% Placer % 36.6% Plumas % 9.1% Riverside 2,046 2,686 2,414 2,761 2,986 3,051 3,142 3,430 3,880 3,406 2,692 2,346 2,615 2, % 41.4% Sacramento 2,533 2,852 2,888 2,714 2,597 2,562 2,431 2,511 2,402 2,155 2,184 1,544 1,629 1, % 47.7% San Benito % 60.5% San Bernardino 2,051 2,177 2,389 2,203 2,591 2,259 2,189 2,241 2,106 2,143 1,796 1,675 1,657 1, % 14.8% San Diego 2,863 3,041 2,946 3,062 2,976 2,666 2,681 2,638 2,699 2,629 2,564 2,294 2,137 2, % 24.2% San Francisco % 30.0% San Joaquin % 45.7% San Luis Obispo % 10.2% San Mateo % 40.2% Santa Barbara % 28.5% Santa Clara 1,543 1,674 1,641 1,480 1,505 1,247 1,178 1,379 1,308 1, % 52.5% Santa Cruz % 46.7% Shasta % 4.4% Sierra % 33.3% Siskiyou % 17.3% Solano % 20.7% Sonoma % 18.7% Stanislaus % 46.1% Sutter % 26.4% Tehama % 14.9% Trinity % 47.4% Tulare % 18.7% Tuolumne % 52.2% Ventura % 21.0% Yolo % 51.9% Yuba % 56.3% page 11

14 Number of Children in Foster Care on the Last Day of the Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) Interval (FFY) year: 5 year: to 2011 to 2011 National 509, , , , , , , , , % 20.7% National (minus California) 422, , , , , , , , , % 19.5% Alabama 6,079 5,934 6,913 7,157 7,262 6,941 6,179 5,350 5, % 26.0% Alaska 2,040 1,825 1,660 1,919 2,126 1,954 1,851 1,765 1, % 4.7% Arizona 7,469 9,194 9,685 9,786 9,099 9,590 9,423 9,930 10, % 11.2% Arkansas 3,014 3,124 3,238 3,434 3,616 3,522 3,657 3,756 3, % 8.7% California 87,278 82,641 80,247 76,405 73,998 67,703 60,583 56,183 55, % 27.5% Colorado 8,754 8,196 8,213 8,139 7,777 7,964 7,392 6,980 6, % 20.3% Connecticut 6,859 6,459 6,249 6,359 5,764 5,373 4,761 4,462 4, % 22.5% Delaware ,074 1, % 21.3% District of Columbia 3,092 2,641 2,519 2,378 2,197 2,217 2,111 2,066 1, % 24.4% Florida 30,677 28,864 29,312 29,229 26,788 22,187 19,162 18,743 19, % 32.4% Georgia 13,578 14,216 13,965 13,175 12,197 9,984 8,068 6,895 7, % 42.4% Hawaii 2,915 2,939 2,743 2,357 1,940 1,621 1,472 1,234 1, % 52.2% Idaho 1,401 1,565 1,818 1,850 1,870 1,723 1,446 1,462 1, % 26.8% Illinois 21,608 19,931 19,419 18,815 17,864 17,843 17,080 17,730 17, % 6.2% Indiana 8,815 9,778 11,243 11,401 11,295 11,903 12,238 12,276 10, % 5.5% Iowa 5,011 5,384 6,794 8,922 8,005 6,743 6,564 6,533 6, % 28.9% Kansas 5,781 6,060 5,833 6,237 6,631 6,306 5,691 5,979 5, % 6.2% Kentucky 6,888 6,998 7,220 7,695 7,207 7,182 6,872 6,983 6, % 13.5% Louisiana 4,541 4,397 4,833 5,213 5,333 5,065 4,786 4,453 4, % 13.1% Maine 2,760 2,589 2,339 2,076 1,971 1,864 1,646 1,546 1, % 37.6% Maryland 11,521 11,111 10,867 9,051 8,415 7,613 7,065 6,098 5, % 37.0% Massachusetts 12,608 12,562 12,197 11,499 10,497 10,427 9,652 8,958 8, % 25.0% Michigan 21,376 21,173 20,498 20,142 20,830 20,171 17,723 16,412 15, % 25.0% Minnesota 6,770 6,540 6,989 6,813 6,711 6,028 5,410 5,050 4, % 26.7% Mississippi 2,721 2,989 3,269 3,126 3,328 3,292 3,320 3,582 3, % 15.1% Missouri 11,900 11,778 11,433 10,207 10,282 7,607 8,667 9,880 10, % 4.0% Montana 1,866 2,030 2,222 1,909 1,737 1,600 1,639 1,723 1, % 6.0% Nebraska 5,148 6,292 6,231 6,187 5,875 5,591 5,343 5,358 5, % 17.3% Nevada 3,605 4,037 4,656 5,068 5,070 5,023 4,783 4,807 4, % 8.5% New Hampshire 1,217 1,236 1,178 1,148 1,102 1, % 35.4% New Jersey 12,816 12,282 11,205 10,740 9,056 8,510 7,803 6,892 6, % 40.0% New Mexico 2,122 2,157 2,316 2,357 2,423 2,221 1,992 1,869 1, % 21.1% New York 37,067 33,445 30,458 29,973 30,072 29,493 27,992 26,783 24, % 16.7% North Carolina 9,534 10,077 10,698 11,115 10,827 9,841 9,547 8,828 8, % 22.6% North Dakota 1,238 1,314 1,370 1,331 1,263 1,223 1,210 1,078 1, % 19.9% Ohio 19,323 18,004 17,446 15,741 14,532 13,703 12,232 11,940 12, % 23.3% Oklahoma 9,252 11,821 11,334 11,736 11,785 10,595 8,712 7,857 8, % 29.4% Oregon 9,117 10,048 11,020 10,661 9,562 8,988 8,650 9,001 8, % 16.8% Pennsylvania 20,845 21,944 21,691 21,135 20,999 26,571 16,623 15,179 14, % 32.9% Rhode Island 2,357 2,414 2,509 2,998 2,768 2,407 2,112 2,086 1, % 39.8% South Carolina 4,801 4,635 4,757 4,920 5,167 5,054 4,978 4,487 3, % 22.3% South Dakota 1,537 1,582 1,704 1,648 1,566 1,482 1,484 1,485 1, % 14.6% Tennessee 9,487 9,590 9,017 8,618 7,751 7,219 6,723 6,695 7, % 11.3% Texas 21,880 24,529 28,883 30,848 30,137 28,154 26,686 28,947 30, % 2.4% Utah 2,033 2,108 2,285 2,427 2,765 2,714 2,759 2,886 2, % 11.3% Vermont 1,409 1,432 1,436 1,379 1,309 1,200 1, , % 26.8% Virginia 7,046 6,869 7,022 7,672 7,718 7,099 5,968 5,414 4, % 36.8% Washington 9,213 9,368 10,068 10,457 11,107 11,167 10,961 10,136 9, % 8.8% West Virginia 4,069 3,990 4,629 4,018 4,432 4,412 4,237 4,112 4, % 11.4% Wisconsin 7,824 7,812 8,076 7,459 7,541 7,403 6,785 6,575 6, % 12.2% Wyoming 1,052 1,184 1,244 1,304 1,231 1,154 1, % 32.1% Puerto Rico 7,585 7,663 6,786 8,051 6,330 6,185 5,351 4,476 4, % 45.8% page 12

15 Black Children in Foster Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (CW, 0 17) County Interval year: year: California % 28.1% Alameda % 43.5% Alpine N.A. N.A. Amador % 100.0% Butte % 26.2% Calaveras % 50.0% Colusa % 100.0% Contra Costa % 31.0% Del Norte N.A. 70.5% El Dorado % 12.9% Fresno % 30.7% Glenn % 41.3% Humboldt % 107.3% Imperial % 39.6% Inyo N.A. N.A. Kern % 20.8% Kings % 22.4% Lake % 68.7% Lassen % 100.0% Los Angeles % 22.2% Madera % 28.0% Marin % 99.4% Mariposa % N.A. Mendocino % 61.7% Merced % 12.8% Modoc N.A. N.A. Mono N.A. N.A. Monterey % 6.5% Napa % 25.6% Nevada % 22.5% Orange % 47.5% Placer % 56.4% Plumas % 55.7% Riverside % 35.9% Sacramento % 41.5% San Benito % 76.8% San Bernardino % 12.1% San Diego % 31.3% San Francisco % 33.2% San Joaquin % 15.6% San Luis Obispo % 9.1% San Mateo % 42.3% Santa Barbara % 0.0% Santa Clara % 47.4% Santa Cruz % 13.3% Shasta % 17.3% Sierra N.A % Siskiyou % 38.7% Solano % 1.6% Sonoma % 22.8% Stanislaus % 69.8% Sutter % 21.7% Tehama % 54.3% Trinity N.A. N.A. Tulare % 18.2% Tuolumne % 100.0% Ventura % 22.2% Yolo % 42.3% Yuba % 7.6% page 13

16 White Children in Foster Care: Incidence per 1,000 Children (CW, 0 17) County Interval year: year: California % 17.5% Alameda % 30.8% Alpine N.A. N.A. Amador % 20.8% Butte % 22.8% Calaveras % 21.8% Colusa % 77.8% Contra Costa % 23.1% Del Norte % 29.6% El Dorado % 4.7% Fresno % 7.6% Glenn % 12.3% Humboldt % 16.3% Imperial % 53.7% Inyo % 20.0% Kern % 25.9% Kings % 5.4% Lake % 22.1% Lassen % 12.0% Los Angeles % 20.0% Madera % 8.1% Marin % 40.0% Mariposa % 51.9% Mendocino % 18.2% Merced % 10.7% Modoc % 62.8% Mono % 61.5% Monterey % 52.1% Napa % 44.0% Nevada % 91.9% Orange % 20.0% Placer % 23.7% Plumas % 42.6% Riverside % 23.3% Sacramento % 38.5% San Benito % 152.8% San Bernardino % 3.4% San Diego % 25.5% San Francisco % 44.0% San Joaquin % 29.6% San Luis Obispo % 15.5% San Mateo % 31.6% Santa Barbara % 10.2% Santa Clara % 50.0% Santa Cruz % 12.8% Shasta % 9.4% Sierra % 77.1% Siskiyou % 18.1% Solano % 4.4% Sonoma % 1.9% Stanislaus % 25.5% Sutter % 30.6% Tehama % 18.9% Trinity % 94.7% Tulare % 5.7% Tuolumne % 53.6% Ventura % 59.1% Yolo % 11.8% Yuba % 32.8% page 14