la acción de Francia DESARROLLO RESPONSABLE DE LA ENERGÍA NUCLEAR:

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1 DESARROLLO RESPONSABLE DE LA ENERGÍA NUCLEAR: la acción de Francia «El planteamiento de Francia es un mundo que no debe dividirse entre países poseedores de la tecnología nuclear, apuntalados con un privilegio, y pueblos que reclaman el derecho a la competencia nuclear que los demás les negarían. ( ) Francia opina que la energía nuclear civil puede ser el aglutinante de una nueva solidaridad internacional, en la que cada cual necesita a los demás para avanzar». Nicolas Sarkozy, El Presidente de la República en la Conferencia de París, 8 de marzo de 2010 CEA - Patrick Dumas Francia da mucha importancia al desarrollo de usos pacíficos de la energía nuclear nucleares (TNP) y del desarrollo seguro y las tecnologías nucleares pueden aportar una importante contribución para satisfacer las necesidades humanas esenciales y el desarrollo sostenible. en los campos de la sanidad, la agricultura,

2 THE RESPONSIBLE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY: France s action France s vision is of a world that will not be divided between countries with nuclear technology, jealously guarding their privileges, and nations demanding a right to nuclear know-how that the others deny them. In France s view, civil nuclear energy can be the cement of a new international solidarity, where each country will need the others to advance. The President of the French Republic, Nicolas Sarkozy, at the Paris Conference, 8th March, 2010 CEA - Patrick Dumas France attaches a great importance to the development of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, an available, cost-effective and environmentally-friendly source of energy. It is fully committed to the application of article IV of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and to a secure and responsible development of nuclear energy. France is convinced that nuclear technologies have a vital contribution to make in meeting essential human needs and sustainable development and should benefit to all countries, in the fields of health, agriculture, industry, access to water and energy and protection of the environment. FranceTNP2010 Turning commitments into actions New York 3/28 May 2010

3 LO QUE HACE FRANCIA Hechos concretos al servicio del desarrollo responsable de la energía nuclear Apoyo a las actividades del OIEA a favor de aplicaciones nucleares pacíficas Francia sostiene activamente el programa de cooperación técnica del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA) técnica, Francia financia, con sus contribuciones voluntarias, - o la malaria). Favorecer la generalización del acceso a la energía nuclear civil Francia ha celebrado muchos acuerdos bilaterales de coope- ha suscrito ocho acuerdos desde 2008, que conciernen a todas las zonas geográficas. de seguridad tecnológica y física y no proliferación. El objetivo de las modalidades de transferencia de materiales y equipos a terceros es evitar cualquier uso indebido, e incluyen en Francia anima a todos sus socios a que completen el acuerdo de garantías generalizadas con un protocolo adicional y a que suscriban los convenios internacionales pertinentes en el ámbito nuclear (convenios de seguridad nuclear, Conve- Convenio sobre la responsabilidad civil nuclear ). Francia se propone desarrollar sus cooperaciones internacionales con total transparencia y respetando estrictamente sus obligaciones internacionales. Todos esos acuerdos se presentan a la Comisión Europea en virtud del tratado antes se publican. Agencia Francia Nuclear Internacional (AFNI), para asistir a los de las infraestructuras necesarias para desarrollarla. Seguros multilaterales de suministro de combustible nuclear Francia se ha comprometido, junto a sus socios europeos, en banco de uranio débilmente enriquecido (UFE) patrocinado por el OIEA Control de las tecnologías sensibles (reactores de agua ligera) y del combustible necesario para su funcionamiento y reproceso que, sin prohibirla, debe ser objeto de normas precisas dada su sensibilidad respecto a los compromisos Participación en el desarrollo de la energía nuclear del futuro para diseñar una nueva generación de reactores más competitivos, más seguros, más resistentes a la proliferación y que generen menos residuos radioactivos de larga vida. nuevos diseños de reactores de potencia. Participa activamente - Global Nuclear Energy Partnership). planta europea de Cadarache (Francia).

4 WHAT FRANCE DOES Concrete actions towards the responsible development of nuclear energy Support for IAEA s activities in the field of peaceful nuclear applications France actively supports the International Atomic Energy Agency s (IAEA) technical co-operation programme and acknowledges its positive contribution for development. In addition to its participation in the technical co-operation fund, it also supports several actions via voluntary contributions (placements for trainees, training and expert assignments, financing of major projects, particularly in the fields of research into cancer treatments and fight against insects transmitting malaria). Promote access for all to civil nuclear energy France has signed many bilateral co-operation agreements 8 since These agreements cover all geographical areas. long-term partnership and aim at enabling the development of co-operation under the best safety, security and non-proliferation conditions. The procedures for transfer of materials and equipment provided by France to third parties are designed to avoid any misuse, and include a specific commitment to use for peaceful, non-explosive purposes. In order to initiate full bilateral co-operation, France encourages its partners to complete their comprehensive safeguards agreement with an additional protocol and to adhere to all relevant international agreements in the field of nuclear energy (Conventions in the field of nuclear safety, Convention on the physical protection of nuclear materials, Convention on civil nuclear responsibility, etc.). France intends to develop its international co-operation in complete transparency, and in strict compliance with its international obligations. In accordance with the terms of the subject to approval from the European Commission before signature, and published once ratified. France has set up a specialist entity, the AFNI (Agence France Nucléaire International - French International Nuclear Agency), to assist countries wishing to have access to civil nuclear energy with the implementation of the infrastructures necessary for the safe development of civil nuclear energy. Multilateral assurances of nuclear fuel supplies France made a commitment, in conjunction with its European technical contribution to the creation of a Low enriched uranium bank under the auspices of the IAEA. France of a LEU bank. These projects must allow countries which fully meet their non-proliferation obligations to have security of fuel supplies. Control of sensitive technologies 1) the supply of reactors based on non-proliferating technologies (light water reactors) and the supply of the fuel required for the operation, which should be facilited, 2) and, the export of enrichment and reprocessing technologies, which should not be forbidden, but strictly controlled due to the sensitive nature of these technologies vis-a-vis non proliferation commitments. Participation in the development of nuclear technologies for the future France considers that international co-operation is essential for the design of a new generation of safer, more competitive reactors, which will be more resistant to proliferation and generate less long-term radioactive waste. and effectiveness of the safety evaluation procedure when reviewing new reactor designs. It takes an active part to multilateral initiatives in this - - be located on the European site of Cadarache, in France.

5 COOPERACIONES NUCLEARES DE FRANCIA Favorecer el acceso a la energía nuclear - - FRANCE S NUCLEAR CO-OPERATION Promoting access to civil nuclear energy In a context of spiralling fossil fuel prices and the drive to combat climate change, France has expressed its willingness to assist any country wishing to have access to nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, which fully abides by its non-proliferation obligations Acuerdos de cooperación nuclear en vigor (fecha de firma) Acuerdos de cooperación nuclear firmados (fecha de firma) EURATOM

6 CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL SOBRE EL ACCESO A LA ENERGÍA NUCLEAR CIVIL (PARÍS, 8 Y 9 DE MARZO DE 2010) Ayudar concretamente a los países que desean iniciar un programa electronuclear Francia opina que el uso pacífico de la energía nuclear no debe reservarse a un pequeño número de Estados que ya tienen esa tecnología. Pero también es esencial, para las generaciones futuras. 63 Estados, 13 organismos encargados de la seguridad nuclear; 30 centros de investigación de los compromisos internacionales del sector nuclear; industria nuclear, de la sociedad civil y de instituciones financieras públicas y privadas. CEA - Francis hodes desean dotarse de capacidades electronucleares, Francia, conforme a los compromisos adoptados a efectos del artículo IV del TNP, está dispuesta a responder a esas expectativas, compartiendo su reconocida cumpla escrupulosamente todas sus en particular las que se derivan del TNP. Lejos de ser contradictorios, la consolidación del régimen de no proliferación y el desarrollo de la energía nuclear van a la par. con una finalidad contraria a los objetivos del Tratado. La todo al ciclo del combustible. Por eso, Francia desea que la conferencia de examen del TNP de mayo de 2010 permita reafirmar los grandes principios que rigen y facilitan el desarrollo sostenible de la energía nuclear civil. Dar prioridad a la formación «Vamos a crear un instituto internacional de energía nuclear que contará con una escuela internacional de energía nuclear. Concentrará a los mejores docentes, a los mejores investigadores, para proponer una formación de altísima calidad ( ). Este instituto formará parte de una red internacional de centros de excelencia especializados, actualmente en constitución. Vamos a abrir un primer centro en Jordania.» El Presidente de la República, Conferencia de París, 8 de marzo de 2010 CEA -Patrick Dumas «El desarrollo responsable de la energía nuclear es un reto fundamental para el futuro del planeta. Debemos trabajar juntos para lograr una nueva gobernanza de la energía nuclear que se apoye en un OIEA más fuerte». El Presidente de la República, Conferencia de París, 8 de marzo de 2010

7 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACCESS TO CIVIL NUCLEAR ENERGY (MARCH 8 AND 9, 2010, PARIS) Helping concretely countries undertaking a nuclear power programme: France s position is that the peaceful use of nuclear energy should not be confined to the handful of States that already hold the technology. At the same time, though, it is essential - both for the countries under consideration and for the international community as a whole - that any country undertaking a civil nuclear programme is capable of meeting essential requirements regarding safety, security, non-proliferation and protection of the environment for future generations. International Conference on Access to Civil Nuclear Energy was IAEA and with the support of OECD. It was attended by all the stakeholders of the responsible development of civil nuclear 63 countries, mainly at ministerial level, showing the importance of a high level commitment to setting up the necessary legal and political framework, 13 bodies in charge of nuclear safety issues, 30 research centres involved in the implementation of international commitments in the field of nuclear energy, nuclear industry, civil society, as well as public and private financial institutions. Giving priority to training CEA - Francis hodes The responsible development of nuclear energy is a critical issue for the future of our planet. We have to work together to achieve new nuclear governance based on an enhanced IAEA. The President of the French Republic, Paris Conference, 8th March 2010 At a time when more and more countries wish to acquire electro-nuclear energy capabilities, France, in accordance with the commitments it has made under article IV of the NPT, is ready to respond to these expectations country which scrupulously observes all of its nuclear non-proliferation commitments and in particular those required by the NPT. Far from being antagonistic, the strengthening of the non-proliferation regime and the development of civil nuclear energy go hand in hand. As the NPT itself says, the inalienable right in article IV is subject to strict compliance with the other provisions of the Treaty, particularly with articles I, and II. This is because the right to peaceful use of nuclear energy must not be circumvented in order to use technologies, equipment or nuclear material for purposes contrary to the aims of the Treaty. The international community must make every effort to share the benefits offered by civil nuclear energy, whilst eliminating the risks of proliferation associated in particular with the fuel cycle. provides an opportunity to reaffirm the major principles governing and facilitating the sustainable development of civil nuclear energy. We will step up our efforts by creating an International Nuclear Energy Institute that will include an International Nuclear Energy School. It will bring together the best teachers and researchers to provide very high quality education ( ). The Institute will be an integral part of the international network of specialized Centres of Excellence now taking shape. We will set up the first Centre in Jordan. The President of the French Republic, Paris Conference, 8th March 2010

8 LO QUE PROPONE FRANCIA JUNTO A SUS SOCIOS EUROPEOS: prever y valorar sus diversas necesidades energéticas; desarrollo responsable mecanismos multilaterales en el ámbito del ciclo del combustible; normas más altas en materia de no proliferación y seguridad nuclear física y tecnológica rigurosas, asistiendo a los socios que deseen instaurar los entornos firmar todas las principales convenciones nucleares pertinentes, en particular gestión responsable del combustible gastado y de control de las exportaciones; programas de asistencia del OIEA y apoyar el fondo para la seguridad nuclear del OIEA, mediante aportaciones financieras y pericia técnica; para formar la mano de obra calificada necesaria; transparencia apropiada y un acceso a la información en el desarrollo de los programas electronucleares; aplicaciones nucleares sanitarias y agrícolas, en WHAT FRANCE PROPOSES, WITH ITS EUROPEAN PARTNERS Assist countries to plan and assess their various energy needs; Assure a responsible development of peaceful uses of nuclear energy in the best safety, security and non-proliferation conditions; Actively support efforts to further develop multilateral fuel cycle mechanisms; Promote the highest non-proliferation, nuclear safety and security standards and practices by assisting willing partners to set up the right regulatory, administrative and human environment; Encourage countries, which have not yet done so, to join all relevant major nuclear conventions, in particular in the fields of nuclear safety, physical protection and civil nuclear liability; Promote responsible management of spent fuel and nuclear waste, and assisting countries to plan waste management solutions, including regionally; Assist countries to set up or to reinforce robust export control systems; IAEA assistance programs and IAEA nuclear security fund with funding and technical expertise; to train the necessary skilled workforce; appropriate transparency and access to information in managing nuclear power programmes; Promote health and agricultural nuclear applications, in particular the fight against cancer in the developing world, hydrological applications, and helping developing countries to improve radio-protection.