La Gestión de los Residuos de Aparatos Eléctricos y Electrónicos

Transcripción

1 La Gestión de los Residuos de Aparatos Eléctricos y Electrónicos Panorama LAC y Actividades Regionales Evento RELAC-Empa, Lima, Perú, de noviembre 2012 Daniel Ott // Project Manager LAC // Empa daniel.ott@empa.ch

2 Empa 20 años trabajando con los RAEE Auditoría técnica y investigación aplicada para Swico Recycling y SENS* Participación en el WEEE Forum desde 2006 Miembro fundador de StEP Proyectos de investigación en RAEE Análisis de retardantes de llama en plásticos de RAEE Procesamiento de pantallas planas Simulación y modelación de equipos y sustancias químicas en los RAEE (TRC, LCD, In, Hg, Li, etc.) Análisis y desarrollo de modelos de negocio en el sector informal Buenas practicas en el reuso Comparación de estrategias y tecnologías de reciclaje Cooperación técnica en la gestión de los RAEE con China, India, Suráfrica, Perú, Colombia, Marruecos, África del Oeste * Sistemas colectivos de recolección en Suiza

3 Empa y los RAEE a Nivel Global Trinidad & Tobago: e-waste Management in T & T Assessment Study Funding Agency: Unido, Microsoft Project Partner: MPA Time Frame: 2010 Colombia: Swiss e-waste Programme Assessment Study Facilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: CNPML Time Frame: Peru: Swiss e-waste Programme Assessment Study Facilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: IPES Time Frame: Brazil: Swiss e-waste Programme Assessment Study Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: FEAM Time Frame: Chile: Swiss e-waste Programme Assessment Study Funding Agency: EMPA Project Partner: SUR Time Frame: 2007 Senegal e-waste Management in Africa Assessment Study Funding Agency: DSF Project Partner: SENECLIC Time Frame: Benin, Côte d Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria: The Basel Convention e-waste Africa Project Assessment Study Training Pilot Funding Agency: SBC, EU Project Partner: African BCRCs, IMPEL, Öko- Institut Time Frame: Morocco e-waste Management in Africa Assessment Study Funding Agency: HP Project Partner: DSF, CMPP Time Frame: South Africa: Swiss e-waste Programme Facilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: ITA, EWASA Time Frame: e-waste Management in Africa Launching an e-waste recycling unit in Cape Town Funding Agency: HP Project Partner: DSF, Recover-e-Alliance, Envirosense Time Frame: India: Swiss e-waste Programme Implementing a Clean e-waste Channel Mainstreaming the informal sector Household e-waste collection Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: GTZ, MoEF Time Frame: China: Swiss e-waste Programme Supporting formulation of a technical draft for a national e-waste law Developing technical standards for recycling Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: NDRC Time Frame: Kenya: e-waste Management in Africa Assessment Study Funding Agency: HP Project Partner: DSF, KICTANeT Time Frame: Uganda/Tanzania: e-waste Management in Uganda and Tanzania Assessment Study Funding Agency: Unido, Microsoft Project Partner: UCPC/CPCT Time Frame:

4 Empa y los RAEE en América Latina Colombia Swiss e-waste Programme Assessment Study; Facilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: CNPMLTA Time Frame: Peru Swiss e-waste Programme Assessment Study; Facilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: IPES Time Frame: Trinidad & Tobago: e-waste Management in T & T Assessment Study Funding Agency: Unido, Microsoft Project Partner: MPA Time Frame: 2010 Chile: Regional Platform RELAC Strategic cooperation Funding Agency: IDRC Project Partner: Sur Time Frame: Brazil: Swiss e-waste Programme Facilitating the development of a national e-waste management strategy Funding Agency: SECO Project Partner: FEAM Time Frame: 2009

5 Programa de SECO/EMPA e IDRC/Sur

6 Retos Ambientales Los RAEE contienen sustancias tóxicas (Pb, Cd, Sb, BFRs, etc.) A través del manejo inadecuado y la recuperación de las fracciones valiosos se pueden liberar las sustancias tóxicas

7 Retos Logísticos Dónde están nuestros RAEE? o allá? Aquí Seminario Académico Internacional INNOVACIÓN Septiembre 2011

8 Retos Tecnológicos M E C A N I C O vs. M A N U A L

9 Reto «Mental» Tecnologías Energéticas Movilidad Productos Electrónicos Luminarias

10 WEEE Events in LAC (selected) Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Nov 2006 Jul 2008 Oct 2008 Sep 2009 Nov 2009 Apr 2010 Oct 2010 Mar 2011 Oct 2011 Dec 2011 May 2012 Sep 2012 North-South Dialogue on Experiences in Computer Recycling and Reconditioning, Santiago, Chile International Workshop: Shared Responsibility for the Disposal of Computers, Brasilia, Brazil International Workshop: "The refurbishment of PC recycling, an opportunity for LAC", San Jose, Costa Rica International Workshop RELAC Roundtable, Santiago, Chile International Workshop REWAS 2008 with e-waste Workshop, Cancun, Mexico E-Waste Study Tour for LAC, Switzerland and Austria International Workshop Launch of Regional Document RELAC, Panama, Panama RELAC Meeting, Mexico City, Mexico RELAC Meeting Public Sector, Lima, Peru Workshop and Publication of Regional Document RELAC, Medellin, Colombia E-Waste Side-events at COP10, Cartagena, Colombia elac / CEPAL International Seminar on WEEE, Santiago, Chile International Dialogue & PACE Meeting, San Salvador, El Salvador Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012, D.F., México

11 WEEE Events in LAC (selected) Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Nov 2006 Jul 2008 Oct 2008 Sep 2009 Nov 2009 Apr 2010 Oct 2010 Mar 2011 Oct 2011 Dec 2011 May 2012 Sep 2012 North-South Dialogue on Experiences in Computer Recycling and Reconditioning, Santiago, Chile International Workshop: Shared Responsibility for the Disposal of Computers, Brasilia, Brazil International Workshop: "The refurbishment of PC recycling, an opportunity for LAC", San Jose, Costa Rica International Workshop RELAC Roundtable, Santiago, Chile International Workshop REWAS 2008 with e-waste Workshop, Cancun, Mexico E-Waste Study Tour for LAC, Switzerland and Austria International Workshop Launch of Regional Document RELAC, Panama, Panama RELAC Meeting, Mexico City, Mexico RELAC Meeting Public Sector, Lima, Peru Workshop and Publication of Regional Document RELAC, Medellin, Colombia E-Waste Side-events at COP10, Cartagena, Colombia elac / CEPAL International Seminar on WEEE, Santiago, Chile International Dialogue & PACE Meeting, San Salvador, El Salvador Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012, D.F., México

12 REWAS Conference 2008

13 Artículo para REWAS

14 Study Tour Suiza/Austria 2009

15 Documento Regional Cuáles son las «fuerzas motríces» y principales actores? «PRODUCTORES» (OEMs, Importadores, Distribuidores, etc.) GOBIERNOS (p.e. Ministerios de Ambiente o Salud) En coordinación con: gestores, consumidores, academia, ONGs, etc. Armonización Regional Primer paso en LAC: Documento de «Lineamientos para la Gestión de los RAEE en LAC»

16 Proceso y Estructura del Documento Proceso de Elaboración: Panamá 2009: México 2010: Lima 2010: Medellín 2011: Diagnóstico Estructura documento y conformación grupo de trabajo Trabajo con el sector público Revisión final y compromiso Estructura: 1. Conceptos claves de la Corriente RAEE 2. Elementos de los Sistemas de Gestión RAEE 3. Protocolo de Manejo para el Ciclo de Vida de los RAEE 4. Propuestas para un Marco Regional

17 Llamado para Afiches: Empa-RELAC

18 Panorama del Estado Actual Mexico WEEE Generation: tons/year (2010) 2.7 kg/capita/year WEEE Legislation: No, but considered in the General Waste Law (as special waste) and in 2 Official Mexican Standards (NOM) Compliance No collective nor individual schemes: compliance schemes, only corporate take-back programs WEEE Recyclers: 10 licensed companies Ecuador WEEE Generation: WEEE Legislation: Compliance schemes: WEEE Recyclers: No data available No, but a specific regulation for WEEE management is planned. No collective nor individual compliance schemes, only selective take-back campaigns 2 licensed companies Costa Rica WEEE Generation: WEEE Legislation: Compliance schemes: WEEE Recyclers: No data available Yes, Decree for WEEE management since compliance schemes (collective: ASEGIRE) 6 licensed companies Colombia WEEE Generation: tons/year (2010) 2.4 kg/capita/year WEEE Legislation: Decrees for computers & peripherals, batteries and lighting equipment since 2010 Compliance schemes: WEEE Recyclers: 1 collective, several individual (starting 2012), selective public take-back campaigns >5 licensed companies Peru WEEE Generation: tons/year (2010) 3.4 kg/capita/year WEEE Legislation: Decree on WEEE management in process for approval, 2 technical standards (INDECOPI) Compliance No collective nor individual schemes: compliance schemes, only publicprivate take-back campaigns WEEE Recyclers: 4 licensed companies Chile WEEE Generation: tons/year (2010) 4.2 kg/capita/year WEEE Legislation: No, but Law project for WEEE and General Waste Bill in preparation Compliance No collective nor individual schemes: compliance schemes, only selective take-back campaigns WEEE Recyclers: >2 licensed companies Argentina Bolivia WEEE Generation: tons/year (2010) 2.6 kg/capita/year WEEE Legislation: No, but elaboration of technical standards in process Compliance schemes: WEEE Recyclers: WEEE Generation: tons/year (2010) 3 kg/capita/year WEEE Legislation: Not yet, but National WEEE Bill is proximate to approval Compliance No collective nor individual schemes: compliance schemes, only corporate take-back programs WEEE Recyclers: >5 licensed companies No collective nor individual compliance schemes, take-back campaigns through civil society No licensed companies

19 Generación de RAEE: LAC Estimaciones de la Generación de RAEE y PC Waste 2010 País Poblacion [Mio.] Generación RAEE total [t] Generacíon RAEE por hab. [kg/cap.] PC Waste total [t] PC Waste por hab. [kg/cap.] Argentina ' Bolivia ' Chile ' ' Colombia ' ' México ' Perú ' ' Total países ' ' Total LAC Mio ' ' Fuente: EMPA RAEE PC Waste millones de toneladas toneladas

20 RELAC: Collaboration with StEP

21 Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012

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23 RELAC-Empa Lima 2012 Se espera: Dar un paso más en la armonización regional y el aprendizaje común Fortalecer el intercambio públicoprivado Consenso sobre como proceder en el tema de los Estándares Técnicos a nivel regional Consenso sobre como proceder en el tema de los MTF y Basilea

24 El Mundo Virtual de los RAEE