14 pavyh conociendo nuestra familia

Transcripción

1 14 pavyh conociendo nuestra familia Prosimios Simios nuevo m Simios v iejo m Lemures Titís Macacos Tarseros Monos aulladores Babuinos Galagos Monos araña Orangutanes Loris Monos capuchinos humanos Homínidos derivados

2 Carácter: Apéndices locomotores Homología Homoplasia Primitivo: es de uso limitado Derivado: es de gran utilidad Paralelismos Convergencias No sirven

3 Matriz de caracteres Rostro inclinación Mentón o barbilla Desarrollo caninos Esmalte molares Morfología oclusal molares Fosa canina /posición malar Desarrollo arco zigomático Frontal inclinación Frontal torus supraorbitario Frontal surco posterior torus Altura arco frontoparietal (arco calota) Alargamiento occipital Posición foramen magnum Curvatura base cráneo Tubo óseo oído.

4 Comparación entre prosimios (loris, Nycticebus) y antropoideos M Nycticebus (loris) _coucang.html Visión lateral o frontal 01 Arco calota laxo o curvo 01 Masetero peq. Gran 01

5 Cráneo de prosimios: loris

6 Medidas y orientación cráneos de primates general. Ejemplo en loris

7 Polaridad de los caracteres Cráneo y fotografía de Pan paniscus: chimpancé enano o bonobo Torus derivado respecto a primate no hominido Cráneo de Pan troglodytes: chimpancé Torus primitivo respecto a homínido

8 Nycticebus (loris) _coucang.html Pan troglodytes: chimpancé Callithrix jacchus, titi o marmoseta Pan paniscus: bonobo

9 Mioceno Plioceno Pleistoceno Homo sapiens Sahelanthropus tchadensis Orrorin tugenensis (millennium man) Australopithecus garhi A. ramidus Australopithecus bahrelghazali Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus afarensis Homo antecessor Homo ergaster / H. erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus africanus Paranthropus aethiopicus Homo heidelbergensis / H. neanderthalensis Paranthropus boisei Paranthropus robustus Kenyanthropus platiops Los homínidos millones de años

10 Cráneo Homo sapiens (actual) Cara vertical2 Yugal reducido 2 Arco basicraneo agudo 2 Mandíbula corta 2 Yugal invisible en vista dorsal 2 Gran neurocráneo 2 Arcada dental semiesférica 2 Dentición altura Caninos más grandes=0 Caninos = altura 1 Foramen magnum Proyectado hacia delante 2

11 Polaridad caracteres homínidos Capacidad craneal en relación con el tamaño del cuerpo 0 pequeña 1 media 2 grande Cresta sagital Sin 0 Con 1

12 Comparacion dentición cercopitecidos y hominoideos Cercopitecidos (monos viejo mundo) 0 Hominoideos (Pan troglodites) 0 Homínidos 1

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14 Arco basicráneo Homo floresiensis 2 Pan troglodites 1 Simios vs. prosimios Nycticebus (loris) 0

15 Comparación platirrinos y catarrinos Número de premolares 3=0; 2=1 Tubo óseo oido sin 0; con 1

16 Prosimio: loris Prosimios: Tres premolares Bunodontos Diastema postcanino Diente peineta

17 Proconsul, Mioceno, 18 ma Desarrollo de los caninos en relación I, P, M

18 Pieralopithecus ma Posición de la cara 012 Horizontal, diagonal, vertical

19 Pongidae (orangutan actual) Cresta sagital Con 0 Sin 1 Sivapithecus: Pakistan, Mioceno 9-11 ma Dryopithecus laietanus: Europa, Mioceno, 8 ma

20 Torus supraorbitario con 0 sin 1 Pongidos (sivapitecinos y Pongo) y Hominoideos (Pan, Homo, Gorilla) Ouranopithecus (12 ma, Grecia) y Gorilla (actual)

21 Mioceno Plioceno Pleistoceno Homo sapiens Australopithecus garhi Homo antecessor Homo heidelbergensis / H. neanderthalensis Homo ergaster / H. erectus Sahelanthropus tchadensis Orrorin tugenensis (millennium man) Australopithecus bahrelghazali Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus afarensis Homo habilis Australopithecus africanus Paranthropus aethiopicus Paranthropus boisei Paranthropus robustus Kenyanthorpus platiops filogenia millones de años

22 Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Mioceno, 6,5 ma, Africa 0

23 Kenyanthropus platiops, Plioceno, 3,5 ma, Africa

24 Australopithecus anamensis (4,2 3,9 Ma) KP Edad: 4 Ma Descubierto en: 1994, Kanapoi, Kenya

25 Paranthropus robustus, 2-1ma, Surafrica

26 Paranthropus boisei, Konso, Africa, Plio-Pleistoceno

27 Paranthropus boisei, Konso, Africa, Plio- Pleistoceno. Fotos lab Unizar

28 Homo habilis, 2,4-1,6 ma, Africa Olduvai cm3

29 Homo erectus, 1,7-0,5 ma, Asia Torus supraorbitario discontínuo 1

30 Homo ergaster, 2-1 ma, Africa Kenia 850 cm3 Achelense Modo 2

31 Homo georgicus, Dmanisi, Georgia, 1,8 ma Malar diagonal 0

32 Homo antecessor, Pleistoceno inferior, 0,8 ma

33 Homo heidelbergensis La Sima de los Huesos 5-6 ky

34 Homo sapiens idaltu, Herto, Africa, a Afar Etiopia

35 Homo neandertalensis, 0,3-0,03 ma, Europa, Asia occidental Ucrania a

36 Homo neanderthalensis La Ferrassie 1 Species: Homo neanderthalensis Age: Upper Pleistocene Date of Discovery: September 17, 1909 Location: La Ferrassie, France Discovered by: R. Capitan and D. Peyrony La Ferrassie rock shelter is located near the village of Les Eyzies in the Dordogne valley, France.The site yielded skeletons from eight Neanderthal individuals, including adults, children, infants, and two fetuses. All were intentionally buried at the shelter. La Ferrassie 1 skeleton (the skull of which is shown here) is of an adult male. The skull shows many of the typical Neanderthal traits including a prominent supraorbital torus, a low-vaulted cranium with a receding forehead, a large nasal opening, and a well-developed occipital bun (a swelling of bone at the back of the skull on the occipital bone). All of the teeth were preserved in place and show heavy wear indicating that the individual was relatively advanced in years at the time of his death. Early in the study of the remains from La Ferrassie, a curious asymmetry in the wear across the incisors was noticed. Instead of wearing flat, the biting surface of the incisors is beveled toward the front (or lip). It has been hypothesized that this is the result of habitual use of the teeth for purposes other than chewing, such as holding something in place between the teeth. Although the interpretation has been debated, the use of the teeth as a tool may represent an interesting aspect of Neanderthal culture. The importance of the La Ferrassie remains cannot be overstated. La Ferrassie produced the remains of an adult male and an adult female, providing documentation of sexual dimorphism (differences in size between males and females) in Neanderthals. In addition, the remains of the juvenile and infant individuals help paleoanthropologists reconstruct the developmental stages of Homo neanderthalensis. Probably most important are the postcranial (body) bones associated with La Ferrassie 1. An earlier reconstruction of a Neanderthal skeleton by Boule (La Chapelle-aux-Saints) portrayed Neanderthals as stooped, brutish creatures -- misconceptions that have stayed with our notion of Neanderthals to this day. The morphology of the leg bones and the foot demonstrate without any doubt that the posture and gait of Neanderthals differed very little from modern humans. Today the skeleton of La Ferrassie 1 is considered the "classic" example of Neanderthal anatomy. Recent dating of the La Ferrassie shelter indicates that the skeletons may be as old as 70,000 years.

37 Homo neanderthalensis, 0,3-0,03 ma, Europa, Asia occidental Malar hacia atrás 1

38 Homo, Rumania, 0,034 a 0,036 ma sapiens o neandertal?

39 Homo sapiens moderno. Lab. Unizar Malar proyectado hacia delante 2