Installing a PMU for an Underground Power Plant Santiago Mesa Jaramillo, MSc

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Jorge Morales Maestre
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1 Colombian Independent System Operator Installing a PMU for an Underground Power Plant Santiago Mesa Jaramillo, MSc March 11th, 2014d

2 Outlook - PMU for an Underground Power Plant Our motivation Reasons to install a PMU in a generation terminal Extremely Low Frequency Oscillations (ELFO) Need to monitor system dynamics Challenge description Generation in Colombia Distance from PMU and GPS antenna Solution requirements External synchronization signal Line to line voltage measurement Maximum time deviation Change management Motivation Challenge Requirements Summary Summary

3 Motivation Challenge Requirements Summary Our motivation

4 Reasons to install a PMU in a generation terminal Many theoretical reasons to do it Simulation model validation Capability curve validation Measure cavitation issues Oscillatory stability analysis PSS tuning Primary control adequacy Secondary control adequacy (AGC) PMU

5 Extremely Low Frequency Oscillations ELFO Almost faced another black-out in 2008, after experiencing one in 2007 No PMUs installed in Colombia before 2008 Need to monitor system dynamics :50:00 17:53:52 17:57:44 18:01:36 18:05:28 18:09:20 18:13:12 18:17:04 18:20:56 18:24:48 18:28:40 18:32:32 18:36:24 18:40:16 18:44:08 18:48:00 18:51:52 18:55:44 18:59:36 19:03:28 19:07:20 19:11:12 19:15:04 19:18:56 19:22:48 19:26:40 19:30:32 19:34:24 19:38:16 19:42:08 19:46:00 19:49:52 Guatapé Betania Tebsa FRECUENC/MEDELLIN//Frequ/ Colombian power system Not a mistake, August 19 th 2008 it was a 0.06 Hz Length: 90 minutes Mode Freq: mode 0.06 Hz System Freq: Hz Under Frequency Load Shedding scheme was triggered

6 Need to monitor system dynamics Un-expected control behavior can be pinpointed using PMUs Power plant A MW/Hz register SCADA is almost blind to this kind of phenomena Undesired switch from Droop control to Constant Power Control Undesired 0.06 Hz oscillatory mode is somehow still there Power plant B trips

7 Motivation Challenge Requirements Summary Challenge description

8 Generation in Colombia Over one third of the generation capacity is installed underground PMUs should be also installed underground PMU Source: Isagen

9 Distance from PMU and GPS antenna In an underground facility, the maximum recommended distance between the GPS antenna and the PMU can t be meet straight forward GPS antenna: Surface In between 500 m (1084 ft) PMU: Cavern Source: wikimedia.org

10 Motivation Challenge Requirements Summary Solution requirements

11 Req. 1: External synchronization signal An external synchronization signal is required (IRIG-B, PTP or others) We implemented an in-house PMU as an adaptable device to be used as a proof of concept Software-based processing algorithms (LabView) IRG-B electrical input Current & Voltage measurements

12 Req. 2: Line to line voltage measurement Even with balanced line voltages, phase voltages had an erratic behavior Line voltage measurement avoids this phenomena This required a modification in the software of our in-house PMU Un-grounded system Line voltages: Uab = 13.2 kv Ubc = 13.2 kv Ucd = 13.2 kv b Generator a n Step-Up Transformer Position 1: Uan = 4.6 kv c b a n Position 2: Uan = 9.3 kv c

13 Req. 3: Maximum time deviation Strict requirements on time deviation and waveform quality for IRIG-B signal transmission Transceivers are the mayor source of time deviation Solution Maximum time deviation* Initial 15 μs 0.6 Minimum Angle uncertainty Operational 100 ns * Per transceiver Fiber optics 500 m (1084 ft) Source: wikimedia.org

14 Req. 4: Technological Change management Teamwork between Generation-Company (Gen-Co), hardware Vendor and the ISO is crucial Gen-Co EMGESA Luis Marín, Gonzalo Rodriguez, Hardware Vendor Reason Sergio Zimath, Eduardo Passold, Colombian ISO XM Jorge Gomez, Colombian EPRI CIDET Neil Ortiz,

15 Motivation Challenge Requirements Summary Summary

16 Summary - PMU for an Underground Power Plant An external synchronization signal is required IRIG-B PTP or Others Line voltage measurement avoids the erratic behavior of phase voltages when a PMU is installed in an un-grounded system. It should be considered as a functional requirement for commercial PMUs Strict requirements on time deviation for the synchronization signal Teamwork between the Generation-Company (Gen-Co), the hardware Vendor and the ISO is crucial. A proof of concept is always a good choice when testing out-of-the-shelf solutions

17 Intelligent Supervision And Advanced Control System isaac Project William Amador Project Manager: Santiago Mesa Technical leader:

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