Action Plan for the Conservation and Use of Mesoamerican PGRFAA for adaptation to climate change

Transcripción

1 Action Plan for the Conservation and Use of Mesoamerican PGRFAA for adaptation to climate change Marleni Ramirez, Ph.D., Regional Director for the Americas CARDI/CTA Climate Change PGR Policy Workshop October 13-15, 2012 Antigua and Barbuda

2 What is it? Road map to strengthen the conservation and use of native PGR of Mesoamerica as a strategic regional element to climate change adaptation. Focus in 10 Mesoamerican crops important for local and global food security, with potential to generate income. This plan will be developed through a systematic analysis of existing information and broad consultation with relevant stakeholders in Mesoamerica and will conclude with the identification of a key set of activities (The Action Plan) to be implemented in the next decade.

3 Climate Change Bioversity International,2012

4 Why PGRFA for adaptation to CC? Plant genetic diversity single most important resource in adaptation to agro-ecological change Plant Genetic diversity is an asset of most affected farmers which can be deployed in adaptation to climate change Mesoamerica center of agrobiodiversity Countries from Panama to Guatemala have ratified International Treaty

5 How? Science-based: Diagnostic studies using best available information, validated with expert consultations to identify gaps Case studies on: impact of PPB, AGB in protected area management, national, regional genebank Bioversity team and partners: CATIE, ASOCUCH, FUNDIT Participatory Farmer consultations : over 140 farmers Stakeholder consultations: PGRFA experts; farmer experts; government: agriculture, environment: climate change, health; education; development partners Awareness and buy-in

6 TARGET CROPS

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8 Components of the Strategic Action Plan Monitoring of local climate Identify ongoing monitoring of local climate, gaps, access Enhanced ex situ conservation Analysis of current collections: emphasis on landraces adapted to extreme climate conditions, threatened landraces and crop wild relatives; upgrading plan for national and regional collections

9 Enhanced in situ conservation of PGRFA Identification of hotspots of diversity of the target crops and their wild relatives, assessment of threats to on-farm Targeted identification of material with adaptive traits The single most powerful resource of new adapted material for direct use or as input for pre-breeding is the existing crop diversity conserved in situ and ex situ.

10 Increased use of PGRFA in (pre)breeding The identification of material with adaptive traits is most often followed by the need for breeding rather than by direct use. Look at constraints to use, e.g. lack of expertise Local seed/germplasm supply and distribution systems SAP will support effective communication and documentation systems, so as to expand the range of germplasm with adaptive characteristics available for research and use.

11 Regional and global mechanisms for access to (adapted) germplasm The Treaty s Funding Strategy recognizes the importance of building decision makers policy planning capacity to implement international PGR agreements PGRFA integrated in adaptation and food security strategies Most efforts to tackle malnutrition through agricultural interventions in the recent past have neglected the importance of using PGRFA for increasing dietary diversity

12 PGRFA integrated in post-disaster response strategies Agricultural relief and rehabilitation interventions and policies often risk disrupting pre-existing farming and seed supply systems as well as the response mechanisms based on local seeds and resources which may be already in place. Incorporate PGRFA seed-based interventions, link farmers to genebanks, NGOs Capacity building in PGRFA with reference to their role in food security under climate change Capacity building is essential to bolster regional capacities to analyze impact of climate change and support PGRFA conservation and use

13 The SAP Process Baseline data compilation, stakeholder identification, review of key science/policy documents Regional stakeholder consultation to present the preliminary analysis of the data collected, identify missing information and need for further analysis Fine-turning of input data/studies and drafting of the SAP Second consultation with key stakeholders to provide feedback on the progress in the analysis and draft SAP Refinement of SAP and preparation of the final version Presentation of SAP to donors and policymakers for endorsement

14 The map shows the expected changes in terms of 'niche suitability' for avocado (Persea americana) 2050; area in red = loss, green = stable, blue = new areas

15 This is a projection for 2050 of what happens with areas that are potentially suitable for growing the 45 crop species of this study. Overall the red areas show where there is a loss of suitable areas (in shades of red) or gain in blue. Based on niche modeling

16 The map shows the number of wild relatives in our study list (about 400) that each area (potentially) gains (blue) or lost (red) for 2050 based on niche modeling

17 Benefits and Beneficiaries of the SAP Immediate benefits Immediate beneficiaries Long-term benefits Long-term beneficiaries Reference framework Increased understanding of how farmers National and global for : can adapt through the conservation and decision makers in the Including PGR issues use of PGRFA at regional level, fields of agriculture, environment, food in climate security and sustainable adaptation plans and development food security interventions Directing prioritization of donors investments in the region National decision makers in: Agriculture and emergency relief in the region Food security and nutrition in the region, climate change adaptation (usually limited to the environment sector) in the region Regional PGR networks, genebanks The ITPGRFA in elaborating future funding priorities Donors investing in PGR conservation and use, climate change and food security in the region Increased capacity to evaluate climate change threats and implement policies for conservation, use, ABS of PGRFA in the context of food security and climate change adaptation Improved identification, conservation and distribution/use of adapted germplasm of native and introduced crop species/varieties Diversification of agricultural systems, Food security and dietary diversity and diversification of livelihood and income options through use of a wider range of PGRFA Farmers in Mesoamerica and at global level, particularly those most exposed to the risks of climate change

18 THANK YOU Thank you!

19 Hemispheric Conservation Strategy CAPGERNet Consultation Trinidad & Tobago, 2007 Important crops/genera: Aroids, Cajanus, Citrus, Vigna, Artrocarpus, Cocos, Pennisetum, Brassica, Theobroma, Mangifera, Saccharum, Ananas, Coffea, Carica, Persea, Amaranthus, Leucaena, Cynodon, Psidium, Glyricidia, Pangola, Brachiaria, Digitaria, Sapodilla, Abelmoschus, Desmodium, Spondias, Trichantera, Morus, Melicoccus, Crotalaria and Acerola.

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21 Contracting Parties to the Treaty

22 Bioversity s involvement in the CGIAR Research Programmes CRP Official Name Lead Center Operating Name Bioversity Involvement LAC CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems ICARDA Dryland Systems 1.1 NO CGIAR Research Program on Integrated Systems for Humid Tropics IITA Humidtropics 1.2 CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems WorldFish AAS 1.3 C.A /Haiti/His NO South Asia CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets IFPRI Policies,Institutio ns & Markets 2 Value Chain, NUS CGIAR Research Program on Wheat CIMMYT /ICARDA WHEAT CGIAR Research Program on Maize CIMMYT MAIZE CGIAR Research Program on Rice IRRI GRiSP CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas CIP RTB 3.4 CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes ICRISAT Grain Legumes D.R., MUSALAC CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Cereals ICRISAT Dryland Cereals CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish ILRI Livestock & Fish CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health IFPRI A4NH 4 On-farm CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems IWMI WLE 5 CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry CIFOR TBC 6 CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security CIAT CCAFS 7 Central America Long Term Support of CGIAR Genebanks GCDT Genebank CRP N/ A

23 Climate Change 1975 Zonas climáticas Köppen Selva lluviosa ecuatorial, completamente húmeda Monsún ecuatorial Savana ecuatorial, verano seco Savana ecuatorial, invierno seco Clima desértico, frío y árido Clima desértico, caliente y árido Estepa, frío y árido Estepa, caliente y árido Clima temperado, completamente húmedo, verano caliente Clima temperado, completamente húmedo, verano templado Clima temperado, verano seco y caliente Clima temperado, verano seco y templado Clima temperado, verano seco y fresco Clima temperado, invierno seco y verano caliente Clima temperado, invierno seco y verano templado Bioversity International, 2012

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29 The following critical areas of capacity building and upgrading have emerged from the deliberations during the strategy process: Areas for overall capacity building and upgrading: Upgrading of germplasm management/documentation systems. Upgrading of infrastructure and related facilities. Public awareness. Policy and legislation. Technical and research capacities. Areas for training and education: A country needs assessment describing potential commitments, comparative advantages, programmatic contents and approaches, etc. Short, medium and/or long-term plans including comparative advantages/commitments from each country. Strengthening domestic efforts for training and education (e.g. use of ToT modules, secondments, internships, exchange programs, etc.). Areas for upgrading information systems: Development of the PGR-HIS, based on the sharing of common components such as descriptors, data standards, protocols on conservation (storage, distribution, genebank management systems, performance monitoring, quality management and good practices). Database management and data entry onto PGR-HIS. Strengthening links with users through increased availability of information related to ex situ collections.

30 Regional Hemispheric Conservation Strategy Participation Institutional partners International Agriculture Research Centres: Bioversity International (Italy and Colombia Offices), CIAT (Colombia), CIMMYT (Mexico) and CIP (Peru). Regional centers: CATIE (Costa Rica) and CARDI (Trinidad and Tobago). IICA, its PROCIs and SICTA FAO and the Global Crop Diversity Trust. CAPGERNet: The Caribbean Plant Genetic Resources Network NORGEN: The Plant Genetic Resources Network for North America REDARFIT: The Andean Network on Plant Genetic Resources REGENSUR: PROCISUR s Sub-program for Plant Genetic Resources REMERFI: The Mesoamerican Network on Plant Genetic Resources TROPIGEN: The Amazonian Network on Plant Genetic