Proyecto CapWEM WPA1 Reforma y modernización de currículas

Transcripción

1 Proyecto CapWEM WPA1 Reforma y modernización de currículas Introducción En el marco del Proyecto CapWEM Capacity Development in Water Engineering and Environmental Management se realizó como tarea inicial al WP A1 Work Package A1: Reform and Modernisation of Relevant Curricula un relevamiento sobre la estructura y dictado de la curricula de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil, dictada en las ocho Universidades participantes en este proyecto: Universidad de Siegen (Alemania) - a cargo de la coordinación general -, Universidad Técnica de Lisboa (Portugal), Universidad Federal de Santa María (Brasil), Universidad de Talca (Chile), Universidad de Costa Rica (Costa Rica), Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas" (El Salvador), Universidad Católica Ntra. Sra. de la Asunción (Paraguay), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (FRBB Argentina). Relevamiento de información En primera instancia se elaboró una encuesta general en la que se establecieron los datos considerados de importancia para realizar el análisis: Datos generales de la carrera Datos relacionados a la evolución de la matrícula Estructura curricular Contenidos curriculares Se diseñó una planilla que fue compartida con los distintos socios a fin de ser completada con los datos de cada Universidad participante (1.Planilla Base - Datos Generales, 2. Planilla Base Datos de Curricula, 3. Planilla Base Datos de Matrícula, 4. Planilla Base Datos de Materias). La información recopilada se complementó con una tarea de búsqueda sobre la información académica publicada en las páginas web de las Universidades socias. Se generó una planilla comparativa (5. Comparación de Datos Generales) de la que se obtuvieron algunos gráficos como los que se presentan a continuación: Página 1 de 6

2 Página 2 de 6

3 La duración total de las carreras es para las Universidades Latinoamericanas de entre cinco y cinco años y medio para el nivel académico de grado, mientras que para las Universidades Europeas esta duración es de tres años para el nivel académico de grado y dos años para el nivel académico de posgrado. Se analizaron en particular los contenidos curriculares relacionados al tópico agua, comparando entre carreras para cada una de las materias seleccionadas, los tiempos destinados a su dictado y su influencia en el contexto global de las carreras. Página 3 de 6

4 El motivo de abordar enfáticamente el tópico agua se centra en los objetivos principales del proyecto mencionado, no obstante, debe aclararse que este tópico puede considerarse como un eje a ser extrapolable a otros temas ambientales. Se observó además la distribución de estos contenidos a lo largo del desarrollo de la carrera. A fin de simplificar el análisis, se dividieron los contenidos de las materias correspondientes al grado académico de Ingeniero Civil, en tres grupos: Basic Knowledge, Management and Planning, and Supply and Sanitation. Estos grupos se conformaron identificando en los contenidos de los programas, aquéllos que incorporan el tópico agua (6. Agrupación de Materias). Dado que no siempre el plan de dictado resulta comparable al nivel de nombre de la materia en el plan de estudios, se compararon los contenidos de cada materia uno a uno y se identificaron las similitudes y diferencias principales entre las distintas currícula (7. Comparación de Contenidos Específicos Hidrología Mecánica de Fluidos Hidráulica Gestión y Planificación - Saneamiento ). Página 4 de 6

5 Conclusiones Luego de haber indagado en profundidad los planes de estudio de las carreras de ingeniería civil dictados en las distintas Universidades socias, y de haber compartido el análisis con los mismos, se destacan los siguientes puntos: Se observa en este análisis que, como es lógico, los contenidos curriculares que incorporan conocimientos básicos se encuentran ubicados en los tramos inicial y medio, mientras que los contenidos asociados a abastecimiento y saneamiento se encuentran ubicados en los tramos medio y final de la carrera, observándose en general los contenidos de planificación y gestión ubicados sobre el trayecto final de la misma. Respecto de los tiempos dedicados al dictado de estos contenidos, en las carreras de grado éstos oscilan entre un 10% en las Universidades Latinoamericanas hasta un casi 20% observado en una de las Universidades Europeas. En el caso de las carreras de posgrado estos contenidos alcanzan un 35%, observado en las carreras dictadas en las Universidades Europeas, dado que son las únicas en las cuales se dicta este nivel de formación. De los datos colectados se desprende que el modo de incorporación de los contenidos en materia ambiental o en particular referidos al agua, se encuentran aislados y fragmentados. La actual modalidad de construcción del conocimiento no incluye la integración de contenidos, sino que por el contrario, pretende una especialización que genera fragmentación y con esto la dificultad para promover la visibilización completa de los problemas. Se percibe que, para los participantes, sería indispensable en la formación del ingeniero la incorporación de contenidos diversos y vastos; lo cual insumiría tiempos, en principio no disponibles. Allí surge una dicotomía, respecto de considerar el abordaje de la dimensión ambiental desde la curricula como un eje transversal en la formación del ingeniero, o por el contrario un tema medular que conforme sólo la curricula de orientaciones específicas. En cuanto a la comparación de contenidos específicos de cada materia, respecto de los conocimientos básicos, en general los mismos son coincidentes para todas las carreras. En relación a contenidos vinculados a la gestión y la planificación (por ej. impacto ambiental, manejo de recursos hídricos, etc.) las Universidades latinoamericanas requerirían en general el fortalecimiento de su currícula. Otro de los temas que requerirían ser fortalecidos desde las Universidades latinoamericanas son las materias relacionadas a supply y saneamiento. En este sentido Brasil es el socio que muestra una mayor carga horaria y cantidad de subjects destinados a ese tópico. No obstante cabe resaltar que en otros casos, como Argentina, los contenidos son abordados desde una única materia, poniendo en evidencia la necesidad de destinar una mayor carga horaria al mismo (y quizás desdoblar la materia). De este análisis se infiere una diferencia en la infraestructura disponible en las distintas universidades socias. Existen materias (en algunos casos sólo contenidos) Página 5 de 6

6 que son dictados en todas las Universidades, respondiendo quizás a una falta de materiales y equipos requeridos para estos temas (por ej. contenidos relacionados a mecánica de los fluídos - prácticas de laboratorio). Es importante destacar que el análisis realizado es relativo, dada la libertad de cátedra existente en las distintas universidades, es decir cada profesor puede incorporar conceptos a su cátedra que no se hallan plasmados en el plan de la materia, al igual que variar el tiempo asignado a cada tema y la profundidad y enfoque de su desarrollo. Esta situación genera que las conclusiones supuestas disten en parte de la realidad y que se ponga de manifiesto la importancia y la necesidad de involucrar al docente en los análisis de este tipo, como así también a autoridades y directivos. Página 6 de 6

7 University: Career: Course: Degree: Date of creation Modality Lenght of course Annual fee Admissions requirements Thesis / Dissertation Internships Curricula Changes in the curricula See sheet "II.Curricula" General hours Which changes? Students Alumni Actual lenght Professional incumbencies years See sheet "III.Matriculation" Accredited career? Accrediting body Duration of process Validity of accreditation Accreditation 1. Planilla Base Datos Generales months years

8 University: Career: Course: Degree: Academic Year Module Course Code 2. Planilla Base Datos de Curricula

9 University: Career: Course: Degree: Matric Input students Year Number of students Students Input students Alumni Year Number of students Alumni Alumni 3. Planilla Base Datos de Matricula

10 University: Career: Course: Degree: Course / Seminar Type of course Total of hours Type of examination Goals Content of the course Bibliography 4. Planilla Base Datos de Materias

11 Argentina Brazil Chile El Salvador Portugal Germany Paraguay Costa Rica Civil Engineering (Bachelor) Bahia Blanca Regional Faculty - Santa María Federal Talca José Simeón Cañas Central Superior Technical Institute - Catholic University "Nuestra Siegen University National Technological University University University American University Lisbon Technical University Señora de la Asunción" Costa Rica University Date of creation NR Modality Attendance Attendance Attendance Attendance Attendance Attendance Attendance Attendance Length of course (Hours) (undergrad) (Msc.) ECTS (hours are not applicable) years for "Licenciatura" Annual fee No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes NR Admissions requirements Secondary Degree Approval in the admission exam ("Vestibular"), ENEM's note included. PSU Test Bachelor degree and examination Secondary school with good marks in Math and Physics-chemistry Secondary Degree After Approval of the Admission Program Approvation of UCR admission test with a minimum degree, wich have variations every year 647,44/800 (2008); 619,07/800 (2009); 622,29/800 (2010) Thesis / Dissertation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Internships Yes Yes NR No No No Yes Yes Changes in the curricula Yes Yes NR Yes No No Yes No Which changes? Disciplines incorporated: Changes related to the duration of the Water supply and treatment; study plan. Incorporation of matters Waste Treatment and related to hydraulics and Environmental Impacts; communication ways. Major offer of Sewage and urban drainage elective matters systems; and GIS in water resources. NR Some courses had changed contents and duration. Some courses had been added - - NR - Students 78 NR NR Alumni NR Actual length years Professional incumbencies Study, feasibility, project, direction, inspection, construction, operation and maintenance of: Buildings, Resistant Structures, Water Works, Road Works, Railway Works, Port Works, ans Urbanism Works. apply the traditional knowledge of mathematics, chemistry and physical sciences, combined with modern techniques and tools for the performance of professional duties of civil engineering; Design and conduct field and laboratory studies, gather data, create numerical simulations and other models, and then analyze and interpret the results.; Design a system or process to meet desired needs within such realistic constraints as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, constructability, and sustainability.; Act on multidisciplinary teams; Diagnose and present solutions for engineering problems; Adhere to a doctrine of professionalism and ethical responsibility.; Communicate effectively The module contributes to the development of disciplinary competences in the domain of industrial process management technology Design and construction of building/housing/infrastructure. Design and construction of roads The IST graduates in Civil Engineering easily integrate the labour market, since employers seek the skills that these professionals have systematically demonstrated over the years. The labour market offers a wide range of opportunities, of which are worth of note: Project Offices; Companies linked to the construction sector; Infrastructure companies (water, drainage, electricity, gas, road networks); Central, regional and local authorities;operations maintenance and management activities; Project evaluation and consultancy in service companies (banks and insurance companies); Technological research and development laboratories; Technical and commercial activities. NR After graduation, the civil engineer of this program will develop skills and ability to resolve civil aspects of construction in general, supported by training in the specialty areas of structures, geotechnical, water, sanitation and roads. They will be prepared to conceive, plan and analyze projects, products and processes alternatives to improve the quality of life and preserving natural resources. The emphasis of the training is aimed at environmental management and comprehensive analysis and evaluation of aspects of civil construction, including the aspect of the management and legislation. Accredited career? Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Comisión National Institute for Agencia Nacional de Evaluación y CONEAU (University Evaluation and Nacional de Accrediting body Educational Studies and Ministry of Education Order of Engineers Aqas Acreditación de la Educación Accreditation National Commission) Acreditación Research (INEP) Superior (Aneaes) (CNA-Chile) NR Canadian Engineering Accreditatin Board, SINAES (Sistema Nacional de Acreditación de la Educación Superior) Duration of process (months) NR NR NR 12 Between 6 and NR 48 Validity of accreditation (years) 3 (with observations) - 6 Definately Master degree No No No No Yes Yes No NR Total of subjects NR Subjects related to water Comparación de Datos Generales

12 Total of hours of the career Degree Topic 4668 hours 3990 hours 2430 hours 4536 hours Bahia Blanca Regional Faculty - Santa María Federal University Talca University América Latina Universidad de Costa Rica José Simeón Cañas Central American Catholic University "Nuestra Señora de la 180 (undergrad) (Msc.) ECTS Superior Technical Institute - Lisbon 5400 hours (undergrd) hours (Msc.) Europa Siegen University Hidrology and Hydraulic Works Hydrology I Hidrology Hidrology Hidrology and Hidraulic Hidrology and Water Resources Hydraulic Engineering/Water Ressource Management I 96 hours (2%) 60 hours (1,5%) 32 hours 85 hours (3.49%) 96 hours (2,11%) 6 ECTS (3,33%) 180 hours (3,33%) Hydraulic Infrastructures Hydraulic Engineering II 64 hours 150 hours (2.78%) Basic Knowledge Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Dynamics and Hydromechanics 48 hours 85 hours (3.49%) 80 hours (1.76%) 180 hours (3.33%) General and Applied Hydraulics Hydraulics I and II Hydraulics I Applied Hydraulics Hydraulics I and II 96 hours (2%) 48 hours 80 hours (1.76%) Hydraulics II 64 hours 6 ECTS - ECTS (3.33% %) Bachelor Environmental Management GIS for Water Resourse Management Environmental and Energy Management Environmental Impact Analysis Environmental Engineering Civil Engineering and the Environment Water Ressource Management II 32 hours (0.68%) 45 hours (1.12%) 108 hours 32 hours 102 hours (4.19%) 1,5 ECTS (0.83%) 150 hours (2.78%) Management and Planning Final Project Hydraulic Resources Environmental Protection 128 hours (2.74%) 32 hours 120 hours (2.22%) Environmental Impacts Identification in Sanitary Engineering Works Total Supply and Sanitation Others 32 hours (0.68%) Sanitary Engineering Waste Treatment and Environmental Impacts Environmental Analysis I Aqueducts and Sewers Sanitary Systems Waste Water/Solid Waste I and II 48 hours (1.02%) 60 hours (1,50%) 32 hours 68 hours (2.8%) 64 hours (1.41%) 120 hours hours (2.22% %) Sewage and Urban Drainage Systems Environmental Analysis II 60 hours (1.50%) 96 hours Water Supply and Treatment 60 hours (1.50%) Sanitary, Gas and Sanitary and Gas Firefighter Building Installations Installations 48 hours (1.02%) Pumps and Pumping Installation 50 hours (1.07%) 11.21% 7.04% 10.82% 19.44% 6. Agrupación de Materias

13 University Subject Argentina Brazil Costa Rica El Salvador Portugal Germany Paraguay Bahia Blanca Regional Faculty - National Technological Hidrology and Hydraulic Works Santa María Federal University Universidad de Costa Rica José Simeón Cañas Central American University Hydrology I Hydrology Hydrology Superior Technical Institute - Lisbon Technical University Hydrology and Water Resources Siegen University Hydraulic Engineering/Water Ressource Management I Catholic University "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" Hydrology and Hidraulic Hydraulic Infrastructures Hydraulic Engineering II Contents Historical review of the hydrology Evaporation and Evapotranspiration Introduction to Hydrology Evapotation and Evapotranspiration Introductory aspects of Hydrology Introduction to Hidrology Evaporation Evapotranspiration Evaporation Introduction Evaporation and Evapotranspiration Precipitation Precipitation Rainfall Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation Extreme Rainfall Events Systematization of Assessment precipitation Delimitation of drainage watersheds Hydrologic processes analysis Watershed Watershed and hydrologic processes analysis Watershed Runoff coefficient Runoff Runoff Runoff Rainfall runoff processes Surface runoff Flow hydrograph Statistics applied to hydrology. Floodplain in a water course Different hydrographs Return period Dams Hydrologic cycle Hydrometry Flow estimation Infiltration Concepts of flood Concepts, management and sustentability of water resorces Average Flow Design Assessment Extreme Flow Design Assessment Interception, Infiltration and Effective Rainfall Basic Topics of Hydrologyc Design Reservoirs and Dams Catchment Works The hydrological phenomenon Hydrologic cycle Hydrologic cycle Hydrometry Streamflow Flow Infiltration Infiltration Infiltration Statiscal methods Flood flow analyses Flood hydrographs Statistic methods for forecast and predictions in hydrology Flood Water and Flood Control Measures Flood: formation, measures, protection, risk precaution Statistics applied to hydrology Estimation of design flood Flow routing Unit hydrographs Unit hydrograph Return period and risk Water resources development Simulation of the behaviour of a reservoir Available Water Resources Reservoir installations Alleviation works Diversion Works Evacuation works Relief Works: Weirs, Spillways and Energy Dissipators Hydrologic budget Dams Water budget Dams 7. Comparación de Contenidos Específicos Hidrología

14 University Costa Rica El Salvador Germany Paraguay Universidad de Costa Rica Subject Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Physic Properties of Fluids José Simeón Cañas Central American University Introduction Statics of fluids Siegen University Dynamics and Hydromechanics Introduction to kinetics and dynamics Catholic University "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" Fluid Mechanics Physical properties of fluids Statics of fluids. Pressures Contents Fluid Particle Kinematics and kinetics Kinematics of mass point Kinematics Kinematics and kinetics of a rigid body Hydrodynamic Basic Equations Hydrodynamics Perfect fluids dynamics Dynamics of real fluids Hydrostatics Hydrostatics Hydrostatics. Pushes Flow in pipes and ducts Applications on pipe and channel hydraulics Open channel flow Laboratory exercises on hydromechanics Laboratory practical experiments Fundamental concepts for the analysis of flows Sub critical and super critical flow Flow measurement Laminar and turbulent flow 7. Comparación de Contenidos Específicos Mecánica de Fluidos

15 University Argentina Brazil Costa Rica Portugal Paraguay Santa María Federal Universidad de Costa Superior Technical University Rica Institute - Lisbon Bahia Blanca Regional Faculty - Catholic University "Nuestra Señora de la Subject General and Applied Hydraulics Hydraulics I and II Hydraulics I Hydraulics I and II Applied Hydraulics Hydraulics II Contents Introduction Orifices, dumps. Low flow gauges in critical regime Permanent pressure flow in pipes Permanent flow in canals Properties of fluid and flow Critic Flow Orifices and dumps Orifices and dumps Simple Pipe Systems Unsteady Flow in Pressurized Pipeline Sistems Pressured Pipe Systems Conveyance Pressure Design Open Channel Unsteady Flow Open Channel Flow Steady Flow Channel Design Uniform flow Open channel flow Turbulent motion Turbulent runoff pipes Runoff of real liquid at free surface Gradually changed and abruptly changed movement Basic hydraulic of hydraulic machines Water hammer Laboratory exercises Hydrostatics Hydrokinematics Hydrodinamics Hydraulic physic models Pumps and elevation installations Hydraulic Machines Internal pressure flow Turbines Rotadynamic Pumps Pumps and Turbines Water hammer in elevation installations Water hammer control in elevation installations Pumps Systems Turbomahinery Hydrostatics Hydrokinematics Hydrodinamics Dimensional analysis and similitude 7. Comparación de Contenidos Específicos Hidráulica

16 University Subject Argentina Brazil Chile Costa Rica El Salvador Portugal Germany Bahia Blanca Santa María Federal Universidad de Costa José Simeón Cañas Superior Technical Talca University Regional Faculty - University Rica Central American Institute - Lisbon Siegen University Environmental Management GIS for Water Resourse Management Environmental and Energy Management Environmental Impact Analysis Environmental Engineering Civil Engineering and the Environment Water Ressource Management II Final Project Hydraulic Resources Environmental Protection Environmental Impacts Identification in Sanitary Engineering Works Ecology in engineering.basic concepts to understand it Context management and environmental engineering.pollution, environment Environmental Management Planning Environmental Concenrs Instruments for diagnosis and environmental management Environmental management systems Introduction to Environmental Issues Project optimization Introduction: domains, concepts and contexts Planning instruments and methods Tourism, Recreation and Other Uses of Water Contents Project elaboration. Environmental impact study Environmental impact identification for potable water nets, sewers and water treatment plants Environmental impact studies for sanitary engineering projects Management and energy efficiency Enviromental Impact Definition Water Resources Planning Prevention, Mitigation and Compensation Projects Impact Identification Metodologies Impact Valuation Methods Water Resource Uses and Distribution Projects with reservoirs Environmental models Water quality engineering Sigificance of models regarding water management planning tasks Sustainability and renewable energies 7. Comparación de Contenidos Específicos Gestión y Planificación

17 University Subject Argentina Brazil Costa Rica El Salvador Germany Paraguay Bahia Blanca Santa María Federal Universidad de Costa José Simeón Cañas Catholic University Siegen University Regional Faculty - University Rica Central American "Nuestra Señora de la Sanitary Engineering (B) Waste Treatment and Environmental Analysis Waste Water/Solid Aqueducts and Sewers Environmental Impacts I Waste I and II Sanitary Systems Sewage and Urban Drainage Systems Environmental Analysis II Water Supply and Treatment Sanitary and environmental engineering foundations, ecology, responsible management and salubriousness System`s hydraulics, water quality and resources conservation Water sources and raising, conduction, storage and distribution works Water quality Urban water supply system Uptake Water mains Water treatment Drinking Water Treatment Chlorination Water resources and quantitative analysis Aqueducts Understanding the scope of the subject. Introduction.General considerations. Origin of wastewater Coverage of health services.quality standards. Economic aspects Water distribution reservoirs and networks Regulation tank Contents Distribution Network Rain drainage Urban drainage Storm Water Sewers Urban drainage Urban drainage Sewer nets Sewer effluent`s characterization and treatment process variables Pretreatments and primary treatments Residual water natural treatment system Secondary and tertiary treatments Residual sludge treatment and disposition Domestic sewage, system, nets, treatment Sanitary sewage treatment Sewers Sanitary Sewers Wastewater treatment Sanitary sewer 7. Comparación de Contenidos Específicos Saneamiento Introduction to wastewater treatment technology Construction and function of wastewater treatment plants Systems of biological wastewater treatment Mechanical, biological, chemical wastewater treatment Conventional sewer systems, alternatives Treatment of wastewater. Types of treatments Pretreatment of wastewater. Types of pretreatment Primary treatment. Types Biological treatment sludge Physical chemical treatment Maintenance and disposal of sludge