a social and human approach for a sustainable revitalization Historic districts for all Abstract Booklet

Transcripción

1 a social and human approach for a sustainable revitalization Historic districts for all Abstract Booklet UN-HABITAT / UNESCO Training and sensitization Session Seville, Spain May 7 9 th, 2008

2 Abstract booklet This booklet includes the abstract of all the papers presented at the UN-HABITAT / UNESCO Training and sensitization Session Seville, Spain, May 7 9 th,

3 Summary: Page City experiences, Group 1: 6 Miguel Angel Villamizar Vega, Architect, City of Bogotá, Colombia: Human rights and the city La ciudad y los derechos humanos. 7 Martha Oneida Pérez Cortés, Social Researcher, Revitalisation Plan for the Old Havana, Cuba: The Contribution of Old Havana to make a more human city El Centro Histórico La Habana Vieja: su contribución a hacer más humana la ciudad. 8 Alex Jimbi, Building Inspector, Lamu City Council. Lamu, Kenya : Urban revitalization for all inhabitants in historic cities Revitalización urbana para todos los habitantes de ciudades históricas. 9 Guido Segal, Urban Planning Department, City of Tel Aviv, Israel: Cosmopolitan urbanism / Multiculturalism / Inter religious diversity enhancement in historic cities. Cosmopolitanismo urbano/ Multiculturalismo / Diversidad religiosa en ciudades históricas. 11 Mukta Banerjee, Senior Research Fellow Bangalore, India: Bottom of the Pyramid: A Heritage Model for Sustainable Livelihoods Desde debajo de la piramide: un modelo de patrimonio para comunidades sostenibles. 12 Sina del Rosario, Urban Planning Department Santo Domingo City Council, Dominican Republic: The historical district: a colonial city El centro histórico : Ciudad Colonial 14 Zoltán Kovács, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Network for Central Europe, Budapest, Hungary: Economic competition consequences in post communist historic cities Consecuencias de la competición económica post-comunista en ciudades históricas. 15 City experiences, Group 2: 16 Alain Marinos, French Ministry of Culture : Balance between citizen s participation, natural and cultural resources enhancement in historic districts Shanghai, China El equilibrio entre la participación ciudadana y el potencial de los recursos naturales y culturales, Shanghai, China 17 Gill Kelley, Chief Urban Planning Department, City of Portland, USA: Gentrification in historic districts in Portland, Oregon La gentrificación de los barrios históricos de Portland, Oregón. 3

4 Page 18 Kong Tao, Director, Qufu Historical City Planning Institute, China and Chen Peng, Director, Qufu Tourism Bureau, China: "A Comprehensive Approach to the Heritage Protection and Torism Development in Qufu" "Un enfoque integrado para la Protección del Patrimonio y el Desarrollo Turístico 19 Kamel Haglan, The Yemeni Social Development Fund, Sana a, Yemen: Rehabilitation Program of Traditional Gardens (Magashim) in Old City of Sana'a Programa de Rehabilitación de los Jardines Tradicionales de la Vieja ciudad de Sanaa (Magashim) 20 Saleh Mohammed Mubarak, Profesor, Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Adén, Yemen: Conservation and Development of Old City of Aden - " Crater " Conservación y desarrollo de la vieja ciudad de Aden 22 Fayez Kamal Zayat, Mayor of Jableh, Syria: Lifting culture restoration and rehabilitation Creando una cultura de restauración y rehabilitación. 23 Xosé Manuel Villanueva Prieto, Manager of Santiago Consortium; Santiago de Compostela: Historical City, Environment and Architecture. The continuos urban project Ciudad Histórica, Medio Ambiente y Arquitectura. El proyecto urbano continuo. 4

5 Cities experiences Group 1 Thursday May 8 th 2008, , Seville Spain, 5

6 La ciudad y los derechos humanos: Miguel Angel Villamizar Vega, Arquitecto, Subdirección Técnica de Intervenciones, Instituto Distrital de Patrimonio Cultural, Bogotá, Colombia mavv1970@hotmail.com El Centro Histórico de Bogotá, sector más antiguo de la ciudad, fue declarado Patrimonio de la Nación en 1963, durante cuarenta y cinco años se han desarrollado innumerables, políticas, programas, campañas, leyes y normativas para su rehabilitación, conservación, defensa y protección, con resultados aceptables pero no contundentes ante las problemáticas que presenta el sector y su entorno inmediato. Por lo anterior se realizó el análisis de todas las acciones tanto físicas como normativas encontrando la necesidad de integrar en los planes de recuperación a todo el Centro de la ciudad de Bogota, dentro del cual esta inmerso el Centro Histórico, planteando operaciones urbanas estratégicas que reconstruyan tejidos sociales y urbanos. Dentro de la puesta en marcha del planteamiento antes descrito se presenta el proyecto de la Restauración de la Plaza de Mercado de las Cruces, Bien de Interés Cultural de la Nación, que vincula a los vendedores existentes (cadenas productivas existentes) y genera puestos de venta a nuevas cadenas productivas del sector, evitando el desplazamiento del habitantes y la renovación nociva e indiferente que solamente lleva a disparar los precios de la tierra y trasladar la problemática social a otros sitios de la ciudad. Igualmente, se presenta el proyecto denominado Enlucimiento de Fachadas, en el cual ciudadanos que han sido victimas del conflicto interno que vive Colombia (reinsertados, desplazados y desmovilizados) se vinculan por medio, inicialmente del Programa Misión Bogotá y en un futuro por la Escuela Taller de Bogotá, en la practica de oficios de construcción tradicional, recuperando las fachadas tanto del Centro Histórico de Bogotá como de sectores patrimoniales, a estos ciudadanos se les brinda capacitación y remuneración por su trabajo y el resultado de este genera apropiación por parte del habitante o propietario del inmueble y del sector. 6

7 El Centro Histórico La Habana Vieja: su contribución a hacer más humana la ciudad: Martha Oneida Pérez Cortés, Social Researcher, Urban Plan Havana City Council, CUBA marta.perez@planmaestro.ohc.cu Seminario internacional de entrenamiento de la UNESCO/de UN-HABITAT sobre los "districtos históricos para todos: un acercamiento social y humano a la revitalización sostenible "- una herramienta para las vecindades históricas inclusivas. En la ponencia se sustenta la concepción de que los Centros Históricos se valorizan sobre todo por su capacidad de otorgar carácter e identidad a las comunidades que las habitan porque estas comunidades deben ser las destinatarias prioritarias de las acciones de preservación de dichos territorios. La inclusión del tema social como campo temático de los centros históricos permite mostrar una tendencia más abarcadora de la incidencia en ellos. La vocación social de la Oficina del Historiador, definida en el año 1938 por su fundador Emilio Roig de Leuchshering, le imprimió el carácter humanista a la obra ejecutada en el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de La Habana, durante más de 60 años de lucha por el rescate, la protección y rehabilitación de los monumentos y sitios históricos de valor. La asignación a la Oficina del Historiador, en 1981, de importantes presupuestos para la rehabilitación del valioso conjunto urbano, abrió una perspectiva social al proyecto revitalizador y desde 1993 las amplias facultades y la autonomía otorgada a esta entidad, permitieron, en medio de las dificultades económicas del país, agudizadas desde 1990, continuar una obra rehabilitadora que comprende la recuperación de los edificios e implica en ella a los habitantes de La Habana Vieja y de toda la ciudad. En nuestra presentación se hará referencia a la labor social que desarrolla la Oficina del Historiador, la cual abarca diversos programas y proyectos, eminentemente incluyentes, con más de diez años de ejecución, en favor del desarrollo humano local y en apoyo a la gestión de gobierno de la administración municipal. 7

8 Urban revitalization for all inhabitants in historic cities The historical background of Lamy: Alex Katana Jimbi, Assistant Conservation Officer and also Building Inspector, Lamu City Council, KENYA Lamu prides itself as the oldest living town in Kenya. Lamu Island is the most notable aspect of the Lamu archipelago which in turn is the most notable aspect of the Lamu Districts physiography. Lamu Town dates back to 1400s and is characterized by coral Rag buildings bonded in coral lime mortar. The streets are narrow some up to 1.5meters wide. The neighborhoods are designed as inward looking self contained complexes with a plan organized around a central courtyard. In this set up the neighborhoods are almost identical in plan with courtyards staggered in sections. The extraordinary quality of Swahili houses (stone houses) is derived from the striking contrast between the plain white exteriors and the elaborate ornamentation and subtle spaces of the interior. The fact that no Pre-Islamic remains have so far came to light has led to the belief that Lamu is a direct result of the advent of Islam. This does not mean that no Pre-Islamic permanent settlements existed but rather that stone buildings were not known. The settlement probably began as a seasonal anchorage which gradually grew into a Market center. The Swahili Town of Lamu is the joint product of trade and Islam modified by the environment. The first provided wealth and the second incentive for permanent settlement is reflected in the requirement of Islamic cannon law that the Friday noon-prayers be held on a permanently settled location. Since then Planning and Conservation have shared some very fundamental values about the world in our cultural Heritage. Frameworks of these values and the professionals and community perspectives taken towards their achievement needs to be spelt out satisfactory. In this case professionals in Conservation should therefore be seen to posses adversarial qualities than doctorial one s achieved through out the realization of social aspect of the towns and plans for future development to be based on them. 8

9 Tel-Aviv City Center Revival: Cosmopolitan urbanism / Multiculturalism / Inter community diversity enhancement in historic cities. Guido SEGAL, Urban Planner, City of Tel- Aviv Segal_g@mail.tel-aviv.gov.il Tel-Aviv was founded in 1909 on the side of 4,000 year old city of Yaffo The city is situated in the core of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. It is the Economic and Cultural Capital of Israel: The Historic Center of Tel Aviv was built between the 20's and the 40's, and the area contains hundreds of fine architectural examples of the Eclectic and the Modern Movement Style Buildings. In the 80's the area was highly deteriorated: the population was reduced and growing older, offices were intruding into dwelling buildings, buildings were seriously deteriorated. A plan to revitalize the Historic Center was prepared, including the following measures: A Statutory Plan that enhanced the conservation of three stories existing buildings while allowing the addition of two stories. The plan determined the main use of the area as a residential. The plan also listed tens of architectural heritage buildings. Rent subsidies for young people willing to live in the area. Building and refurbishing public facilities: an elementary school, kindergartens, a community center, an old people care center, etc. Development of the public domain: streets and parks. A Municipal Agency dedicated to develop the area, that dealt with the plan's implementation As a result of these measures the population has been growing since then. The area attracts a wide variety of population groups, including young singles, new inmigrants, single parent families, gays and lesbians, etc. In addition to these relatively new arrivals in the zone, there are also several long established groups: a large group of senior citizens and a range of religious Jewish groups. These various groups form a singularly heterogeneous social fabric and the tolerant ambience permits a peaceful coexistence among the different groups. The residents established their own NGO, in order to represent them when dealing with the Municipality. Several projects were planned and built with public participation in the decision process. Between 2001 and 2004 was completed the first cycle of the strategic planning process for the city. In this context, a long-term Vision, based on wide public participation and expert analysis, has been formulated to guide the city's development. The Vision adopts many of the lessons learned in the City Center and calls for further actions in this and similar areas, as we can see in the following examples: A City Attractive for Living - Residential environments will take shape trough regeneration of the existing fabric. A Harmonious Blend of Textural and High Rise Development Special emphasis will be placed on the conservation of the architectural and planning heritage. Enhanced Pluralism - The prevailing pluralistic and tolerant ambience will make it possible for each population group to conduct is own way of life. Public Participation Wide public participation will become a leading principle in the day-to-day running of the city. 9

10 Bottom of the Pyramid: A Heritage Model for Sustainable Livelihoods: Mukta Banerjee, Senior Research Fellow, Bangalore, India: bpfound@vsnl.com, Web page: bestpracticesfoundation.com A socially inclusive Heritage Model is a process that is able to incorporate the different dimensions of social inclusion and use multi-faced livelihood strategies to include participation of all community members in heritage conservation planning. Additionally, this process can augment visibility of all community members by mobilizing and creating increased capacity in planning and decision-making. This in turn, can ensure growth of alternative structures or institutions who become partners in development. The Heritage Model believes that community members are resilient, creative and value-conscious entrepreneurs, for whom, with orientation and training; a whole new world of economic opportunities can emerge by recognizing heritage conservation and management through tourism related businesses. One well established example of initiatives that tap the fortune at the bottom of the pyramid is the growing micro credit market in South Asia, particularly in India. However, established models linked to heritage and tourism are yet to emerge. Based on two ongoing projects on heritage conservation and sustainable economic development in India, this intervention plans to design a socially inclusive Heritage Model through collaborative participatory planning in peri-urban areas. Mobilization of the community, complemented by strategies of building capacities of all community groups or specific member groups such as youth and women s groups, creation of livelihoods and accessing markets are important objectives of this program. Simultaneously, convergence of all government schemes will be fostered that encourage holistic growth, overall community development, heritage conservation and a sense of pride and identity linked to heritage amongst all community members. It is expected that this intervention will be able to build, analyze and track the capacities of different social groups, the benefits experienced by them, the ability to access new heritage related business opportunities and markets, and further up scale these lessons on a larger platform. With the success of this innovation, up scaling the program s possibilities are highlighted that can lead to potential policy changes in heritage conservation through sustainable development initiatives. Theoretical and policy implications of this initiative are several. Theoretically this initiative can provide insights into how to place emerging markets and conservation in the sustainable livelihoods framework, both of which are not well treated in the literature. In terms of policy and programmes, this intervention will target select Ministries such as the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministries linked to local government to incorporate elements of social inclusion, and participation in their initiatives on conservation and livelihoods. 10

11 El centro histórico: Ciudad Colonial: Sina del Rosario, Director Urban Planning Deparment, Santo Domingo City Council, Dominican Republic El centro histórico, denominado Ciudad Colonial, está ubicado sobre la margen occidental del río Ozama en su desembocadura al Mar Caribe. La Ciudad Colonial conserva una población significativa, a pesar de un proceso de movilidad de los estratos sociales altos y la fuga gradual de la actividad económica y comercial, evidente en la disminución de su población entre 1981 (16,430 habitantes) y 2002 fecha del último censo (12,133 habitantes). Concentra población de estratos medios y bajos, y su mayor densidad poblacional coincide con su zona norte, vinculada a cuatro parroquias de estrato popular y algunas condiciones de marginalidad. En el último cuarto del siglo XX inició un cambio de uso con el rescate de antiguas estructuras para el sector terciario y la readecuación de otras como residencias o actividades vinculadas al turismo. Del total de 2,227 predios existentes en 116 manzanas, un 42% se dedica a uso residencial, en tanto el 35% es comercial. La desocupación es de un 11% en tanto que las instituciones y oficinas ocupan un 8%. Hasta la mitad del siglo XX el centro histórico se correspondía con el casco urbano capitalino, como centro político, legislativo, educativo, religioso y comercial de la ciudad, mientras iniciaba un proceso paulatino de expansión extramuros. En la actualidad solo la Iglesia católica, conserva en ella sus centros de actividades y gestión (Catedral, Palacio Arzobispal y dependencias), pero la ciudad conserva la mixtura de usos son prevalencia residencial y un paulatino cambio al sector servicios. El proceso de rescate del patrimonio edificado se inició al final de la década 60 con el restauro de la zona monumental y su protección legal en Desde la década del 60 la Ciudad Colonial fue intervenida desde el gobierno central, creando diversas instancias dedicadas exclusivamente al patrimonio: la Oficina de Patrimonio Cultural (OPC), la Comisión de Monumentos (1972), el Patronato de la Ciudad Colonial (1990). En el año 2004 la OPC se convirtió en Dirección Nacional de Patrimonio Monumental de la Secretaría de Estado de Cultura, perdiendo su independencia presupuestaria. Este período coincidió con el esfuerzo del gobierno de la ciudad de rescatar sus competencias en el centro histórico, entendido como parte integral de la ciudad de Santo Domingo. Esta multiplicidad de entidades con diversidad de competencias, actuando de forma independiente y poco coordinada, duplicando recursos y esfuerzos crearon frecuentes conflictos e interferencias. En la primera década del siglo XXI esta pluralidad se ha simplificado, con menos entidades involucradas actuando, concentradas en sus funciones particulares. Desde las diversas instancias, durante casi medio siglo los esfuerzos y propuestas para la CC han sido múltiples: 1. Estudio para la revalorización de la zona histórica y Monumental de la ciudad de Santo Domingo, Propuesta de Plan Regulador, Plan Cuna de América, Estudio de la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo, Plan de Revitalización Integral de la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo, En 1992 la UNESCO incluyó a la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo en la lista de Patrimonio Mundial. En la actualidad, avanza la gestión consensuada del patrimonio entre el gobierno de la ciudad y el gobierno nacional, la asistencia de la cooperación internacional, la coordinación interinstitucional y la participación del sector privado. 11

12 El Ayuntamiento del Distrito Nacional ha incrementado su presencia y operatividad en la Ciudad Colonial a la vuelta del Siglo XXI, enfatizando la valoración y rescate del patrimonio urbano como uno de los ejes del Plan Estratégico del Distrito Nacional. El último y más acabado esfuerzo de gestión y regulación de la Ciudad Colonial, el Plan de Revitalización Integral de la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo (auspiciado por el BID y elaborado por la firma Lombardi y Assoc.) incluye un Plan Regulador y un Plan Estratégico y supone una gestión interinstitucional y desconcentrada. En la actualidad se avanza en el proceso de consenso interinstitucional de la normativa derivada del mismo. En cuanto a las infraestructuras, en la década 90 se implementó un proyecto de alumbrado público; en la actualidad, trata de complementarse con una iniciativa para la descontaminación por cableado del centro histórico con los proveedores de servicios. Se encuentra en su fase inicial el Proyecto de Revitalización del Barrio Santa Bárbara (en el límite nororiental de la CC), para un período de 4 a 6 años y un tope presupuestario de 2.5 millones de Euros con financiamiento no reembolsable de la AECID y la codirección del Ayuntamiento del Distrito Nacional. La primera partida a ejecutarse en el período es de 325,000 Euros. 12

13 Post-socialist inner-cities in transition: experimental urban regeneration in Magdolna quarter, Budapest: Zoltán Kovács, Geographical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary The collapse of state-socialism generated far-reaching social and economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe after These processes led to fundamental changes in the urban system and the spatial organisation of cities. With regards historical quarters deregulation of the housing market and the growth of income differentials together produced new forms of polarisation in urban spaces. Dynamic neighbourhoods are on the one hand, the city-centres. Here the liberalisation of the property market and the increasing concentration of corporate capital, results in a very dynamic upgrading process, and simultaneously a general shrinking of residential function. On the other hand, in most of the inner urban residential neighbourhoods that were severely neglected during the communist era a further decline can be observed. In some of these neighbourhoods physical deterioration is accompanied by extreme forms of social segregation and social exclusion. Only a limited number of neighbourhoods provide examples for upward trajectory, these are mostly the core areas of urban rehabilitation actions. In post-socialist cities neighbourhoods affected by rehabilitation programmes are going through rapid population change, the old and less affluent population is being displaced in a gentrification process. The first experiment for socially sustainable urban regeneration programme was launched in Budapest Józsefváros in The so-called Magdolna Quarter Program (Budapest Józsefváros) is a first trial to implement renewal of a multiple disadvantaged urban district with the involvement of the residents including integrated social, cultural and technical measures. The social aim is to improve the standard of living by ensuring appropriate living conditions by involvement of the current residents, by strengthening the local community cohesion and by retaining the social diversity (including Roma residents). This paper introduces the main goals and methods of the programme. 13

14 Cities experiences Group 2 Thursday May 8 th 2008, , Seville Spain, 14

15 Balanced Urban Revitalization between Social Cohesion and Heritage Conservation For a development based on heritage, protection and improvement. Shao Yong, Associate Professor, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China nyshao163@163.com Alain Marinos, Inspector General of Architecture and Heritage, France alain.marinos@culture.gouv.fr The experience which will be presented in Sevilla is based on cooperation in the field of the protection, management and improvement of the heritage, commited 10 years ago between, concerning the Chinese side, the National Centre for Research on historic towns associated with Tongji University in Shanghai and, for the French side, the Direction de l'architecture et du patrimoine of the Ministère de la culture et de la communication associated with the Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine (Observatoire de l'architecture de la Chine contemporaine and the Ecole de Chaillot). Throughout our cooperation, we have shared and developed the same vision and the same approach: heritage protection should not be conducted in favour of a tourism rapid growth. It should also not abruptly be opposed to the development, our goal is to find a fair and lasting balance between the two. This is a difficult and sensitive question. Our answer involves the promotion of a strategy for the heritage protection and improvement based itself on development. The researches and practical experience led in Tongli (small water town on the edge of Lake Tai, China) have already achieved some success, the cooperation engaged between our two countries is very positive and atypical. Unconventional because it is based on concrete achievements, as evidenced by many theoretical exchanges and workshops. Very positive as evidenced by the two awards : the 2 nd China National Award for Planning in 2002 and the 2 nd award for the Asia-Pacific of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO. A general presentation will be followed by two other examples of works achieved recently on Lijiang and Lizhuang. 15

16 Revitalization and Gentrification in Historic Districts in Portland, Oregon: Gill KELLEY, Director, Portland Bureau of Planning, Portland City Established in 1843, the City of Portland, Oregon, developed around a city center tied to the economic life of the Willamette River. As the city grew, neighborhoods cropped up on both the west and east sides of the river. Today, Portland is home to several older neighborhoods that include historic districts, which have benefited from efforts to reverse the downward cycle of disinvestment, physical deterioration and poverty. While the city s tools to improve living conditions, stabilize population loss and balance the social, ethnic and economic profile of these neighborhoods have not intended to displace disadvantaged residents, the unintended outcome of investment in these communities has been gentrification. Mr. Kelley will present examples of two historic districts. The first, Northwest Portland, began revitalizing slowly in the 1960s as young people saw an opportunity to buy cheap homes and fix them up themselves and citizens initiated community-based planning efforts. Private investment accelerated in the 1980s, and today the area is one of the most desirable residential and commercial districts in the city. The area was designated as a historic district subsequent to its revitalization. The second, the Boise neighborhood on the east side, was designated a historic district to strategically draw investment and enhance positive community identity in an effort to turn around a community plagued by gang violence, blight and urban flight. In the case of Northwest Portland, gentrification largely occurred before the toolkit that American cities use to mitigate gentrification could be employed. In Boise, however, Portland has been able to use a variety of tools and policies to create a comprehensive approach to neighborhood revitalization, including job development, housing policies, educational opportunities and neighborhood amenities. Looking ahead, Portland s Bureau of Planning will be taking these lessons learned and applying them to the city s Comprehensive Plan and Central Portland Plan updates in an effort called the Portland Plan. With community input, planners will be looking for ways to preserve and enhance the community s historic districts equitably and sustainably, with the goal of creating vibrant, livable neighborhoods for all Portlanders. 16

17 A comprehensive approach to the heritage protection and tourism development in Qufu: Tao KONG, City Planner, Qufu Historical City Planning Institute, Qufu s People Government kongtao74@163.com Peng CHEN, Director, Qufu Tourism Bureau, Qufu People's Government kongtao74@163.com It is no doubt that a city with rich heritage has more attractions. The vigorous development of tourism can well prove it. One of the most important aim for a heritage city is to make a fully use of the cultural heritage and develop the tourism, and thus to help the city economy to develop comprehensively. In China, it has long been debated that there is a paradox between the heritage protection, tourism development and the life of the urban inhabitants. People think so because 1. they think the aim of the heritage protection is to develop the tourism and thus the city economy 2. The development of tourism will, in some degree, produce unfavorable effects on the heritage protection, even some big change of the city for the sake of the tourism. 3. The heritage protection and the tourism development are operated by the city government, which has nothing to do the common residents. People travel because they want to improve their experience, enhance their health, both mentally and physically, so their need for the cultural taste comes first in the travel. The cultural heritage, therefore, becomes the basic and also the focus of the tourism development. The tourism develop rapidly in China, there are growing needs for the segmentation of tourism market. As a well known cultural city, the cultural heritage in Qufu is the soul of the high quality tourism service and the core of the sustainable development of the city. We have made some explore in the common develop of the heritage and the tourism. for example We think that the attraction of the heritage is the inner drive of the tourism development, a comprehensive protection of the heritage can provide higher quality of tourism product. The income from the tourism can support finically the protection of the heritage, and also foster the citizens' awareness and their enthusiasm for heritage protection. We should seek a proper joint of the tourism and heritage from the strategic point of view of the city development, develop the tourism on the basis of fully protection of the heritage, because that will be the inexhaustible motive force for the city economy, and the surest way to the comprehensive development of a city. 17

18 Rehabilitation Program of Traditional Gardens (Magashim) in Old City of Sana'a: Kamal Ali Hussein Haglan, Project Manager, Social Fund for Development, Cultural Heritage Unit, Yemen The Old city of Sana'a is one of three Yemeni cites that listed as a world heritage site. The city has 43 traditional gardens known locally as "Magashem" spread over the enter city. The size of the gardens varies from the smallest to the largest. For many years these gardens functioned as open green spaces for the city and also cultivated to provide the residents with vegetables and some fruits. However the condition of most of these traditional gardens deteriorated over time due to a number of reasons such as the illegal occupation of some parts of its land by local residents, the lack of maintenance and repair and also due to the scarcity of irrigation water. The social Fund for development SFD in collaboration with the General Office for Preserving Historic Cities in Yemen GOPHCY adopted a program to renovate all the gardens in the old Sana'a and in other cities as well. The main objective of the program is contribute to the improvement of environmental condition in the city through protecting the site of the gardens, rehabilitating and improving the traditional irrigation system and to re-cultivating and planting the gardens. Since the beginning of this program, 38 gardens have been rehabilitated and the cultivated area of the gardens is doubled, thousands of tons of solid waste removed from the gardens, the areas and the sizes clearly defined which limited further shrinking and illegal occupation and structural conditions of adjacent mosques have improved including their W. drainage systems. 18

19 Conservation and Development of Old City of Aden - " Crater ": Saleh Mohammed Mubarak, Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Yemen Salehmm1@yahoo.com Aden was famous of varied history, which its original quality of architecture is reflected in rich variety of forms and styles, closely related to the traditions of construction of local building materials. Aden the city that carries the name of its oldest quarter, Crater, with its rich history influenced by successive dynasties of diverse architectural styles. The old city of Aden CRATER with its residential and public building and historic monuments that still remain, form a unique collection whose architectural style, building materials and construction techniques are particular to Aden's original architecture. From an architectural point of view, these buildings are significant in Aden's urban fabric and cultural heritage. The urban development that has taken place since the sixties has been dominated by imported styles, concrete high-rise buildings and prefabricated housing. The architecture of the old city of Aden has been seriously influenced by the development of modern materials and technology. Many of very old buildings, monuments are not receiving the care and maintenance that their antiquity demands. The visual character of these buildings and monuments is under threat. The residential and public buildings that still remain include several mosques, churches constructed between the 1850s and the 1960s. The fear of losing this architecture indeed inherent: When dealing with a historical area Old City of Aden, Crater, the prime goal is the conservation and protection of the existing antiquities. This goal requires the careful study of the historical buildings, their architectural elements, building materials, the system of repairing, renovation and future buildings expected to be built up in the area. Expert guidance is needed here as to how such buildings should be best protected and conserved, and careful strategies have to be developed which will permit conservation without stultifying the existence of the inhabitants. The plan of action must encourage rehabilitation and revitalization not only the buildings but also the economic cultural, social and private lives of the people. It includes the general organization for buildings and urban planning as following: 1. Statistics. 2. Population and family aspects. 3. Infrastructure and utilities available. 4. Economic aspects. 5. Utilization of spaces. 6. Social aspects. 7. Architectural and planning aspects of the area. In order to guarantee the success of the plan of action the society must take part in the carried out processes by laying down its requirements and the priorities for various development processes. The aim will be to focus and to address the need for creative architectural rehabilitation, urban renewal and area conservation and to highlight the responsibility to safeguard the historical and architectural heritage of the old city of Aden '' Crater ". 19

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