El Subjuntivo. How to form present subjunctive: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: verbs. él, ella, Usted. nosotros/as. vosotros/as.

Transcripción

1 El Subjuntivo Spanish has three "moods" 1. Indicative - this includes all the verb tenses you have learned so far: present, preterit, imperfect, future, conditional 2. Imperative - commands 3. Subjunctive is used to express things that are not necessarily real/fact. How to form present subjunctive: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: yo tú él, ella, Usted nosotros/as vosotros/as ellos/as, Ustedes -AR verbs -ER and -IR verbs

2 Hablar Comer Tener Hable Coma Tenga Hables Comas Tengas Hable Coma Tenga Hablemos Comamos Tengamos Habléis Comáis Tengáis Hablen Coman Tengan Spelling changes: - Anything irregular about the (indicative) present tense yo form will carry through into the present subjunctive (for example, -gogo verbs (like decir), zco verbs (like conocer), gà j (like recoger), ià y (like destruir), etc.). These changes will take place for all subject forms. Salir Conocer Construir - CAR, -GAR and -ZAR verbs have the same spelling changes as in the preterit yo form, for all subjects. Practicar Pagar Organizar

3 Stem changes: -If the (indicative) present tense yo form has a stem change, the subjunctive forms will have a stem change, EXCEPT: - for -AR and -ER verbs, the form will NOT have a stem change, ejemplo: - for -IR verbs, the form will have a stem change, either or Pensar Dormir Pedir Irregulares: yo DAR ESTAR IR SABER SER HABER

4 tú él, ella, ud. nosotros /as ellos/as, uds. Práctica: 1. yo, aumentar 2. Alica, sentirse 3. tú, comprender 4. Julio y yo, ser 5. yo, conocer 6. los estudiantes, practicar 7. el astronauta, ir 8. ustedes, cuidarse 9. mi familia, venir 10. nadie, descansar 11. los niños, traer 12. tu hija, vestirse 13. el hombre, bajar 14. nosotros, encontrar 15. el pianista, tocar

5 16. las maestras, descansar 17. yo, hacer 18. tú, evitar 19. el doctor, recetar 20. mis amigos, estar 21. Luis y Ana, llegar 22. nosotros, dormir 23. los atletas, relajarse 24. Mireya, jugar 25. tú, respirar 26. mis padres, saber 27. tú y yo, repetir 28. yo, organizar 29. Alejandro, correr 30. ellas, dar??when do we need to use subjunctive?? You need to meet two requirements in order to use the subjunctive in a sentence: 1. Your sentence needs to have clauses - A clause will have a subject and a verb, so sentences that require subjunctive will have subjects and verbs. The subjects must be two different people/things!

6 - The two clauses will be joined with a conjunction. Usually, this conjunction is the word " " - which means " " 2. Your main clause has to contain a verb that will "trigger" the subjunctive in the subordinate clause (more on the triggers later!) Noun clauses - en español: - are clauses where the entire clause functions as a noun (many times it will represent a direct object). "Trigger" verbs in the main clause can be divided into five categories: W - E - I - R - D - The "trigger" verbs will appear in the main clause and will be in present indicative ("regular" present tense). You will use subjunctive in the second clause. Trigger Verbs for Wishes & Wants - You need to know what these mean! decir - dejar - desear - esperar -

7 exigir - insistir en - mandar - necesitar - ojalá - pedir - permitir - preferir - prohibir - querer - rogar - So... If 1) you see one of these trigger verbs in the first clause of your sentence, and 2) you have two different subjects in the sentence Use subjunctive in the second clause: Yo quiero que tú resuelvas el problema. = I want you to solve the problem. "Yo" = subject 1 "Quiero" = verb 1, trigger verb, in present indicative (regular present tense) "Que" joins your two clauses. Even though we don't translate it when we put the sentence into English, we need it in Spanish. "Tú" = subject 2 "Vengas" = verb 2, in subjunctive

8 What happens if there is only one subject? Then the second verb would be left in the (not conjugated). Yo quiero ir a la fiesta. = I want to go to the party. Práctica: 1. Yo necesito que tú (sacar) la basura. 2. Tú quieres que tus amigos (almorzar) contigo. 3. Mi mamá prefiere (salir) a cenar. 4. Nosotros esperamos que tú (estar) bien. 5. Las maestras quieren que los estudiantes (estudiar). 6. Ojalá que ellos (llegar) pronto. 7. Yo le digo a Mireya que ella (ponerse) la chaqueta. 8. Tú deseas (saber) la verdad. 9. Hermana Catalina exige que los estudiantes (hablar) en español. 10. Nosotros insistimos en que ellos (contribuir) al grupo.

9 11. El entrenador manda que los atletas (practicar) mucho. 12. Tus padres prohíben que tú (tener) un novio. 13. Yo no permito que mi hermana (usar) mi ropa. 14. Mi mamá no permite que yo (salir) después de las 9 de la noche. 15. Tú quieres (conocer) a Enrique Iglesias. 16. Tú y yo necesitamos que ellos (empezar) el trabajo. 17. Yo pido que tú (conducir) con mucho cuidado. 18. Nosotros preferimos (leer) libros de ficción. 19. Mi hermano espera que mis padres le (dar) un carro nuevo. 20. Ellos prefieren que tú (dormir) en el sofá.