Fundamentos de Red. Nombre IP MAC 72:42:0c:3d:2a:80

Transcripción

1 Fundamentos de Red Nombre IP MAC 72:42:0c:3d:2a:80

2 Fundamentos de Red DNS NIS Servidor de nombres y reversos (bind/named) Servicio de información (ypserv) DHCP Configuración dinámica de la red (dhcpd) 2

3 Fundamentos de Red FIREWALL FTP Filtro de tráfico (iptables) Transferencia de archivos (vsftpd) WEB Documentos html (apache/httpd) 3

4 Fundamentos de Red CORREO Servicio de mensajería (sendmail) News Servicio de noticias (innd)

5 Fundamentos de Red ifconfig eth0 lo Link encap:ethernet HWaddr 00:01:03:E2:39:4F inet addr: Bcast: Mask: inet6 addr: fe80::201:3ff:fee2:394f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2515 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:185 frame:0 TX packets:198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes: (191.1 KiB) TX bytes:49058 (47.9 KiB) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xb800 Link encap:local Loopback inet addr: Mask: inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1409 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1409 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes: (2.2 MiB) TX bytes: (2.2 MiB)

6 Fundamentos de Red route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface * U eth * U eth0 default fw.inf.utfsm.cl UG eth0 ping PING ( ) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from : icmp_seq=0 ttl=235 time=242 ms ping statistics packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = / / /0.000 ms, pipe 2

7 Fundamentos de Red Traceroute traceroute to ( ), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets 1 fw ( ) ms ms ms 2 inti ( ) ms ms ms 3 campus-gw.usm.cl ( ) ms ms ms 4 nacional-gw.usm.cl ( ) ms ms ms 5 border-gw.usm.cl ( ) ms ms ms 6 gw-utfsm-bbgp-bvi46.attla.cl ( ) ms ms ms 7 bvi2-cr2-net5.telmexchile.cl ( ) ms ms ms 8 Giga-eth4-0-pit.attlapit.cl ( ) ms ms ms 9 Elsalto-backup.telmexchile.cl ( ) ms ms ms 10 fragcl-gw.customer.lac.alter.net ( ) ms ms ms 11 ( ) ms ms ms

8 Fundamentos de Red netstat Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program tcp 0 0 *:32769 *:* LISTEN 1698/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN 1678/portmap tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:smtp *:* LISTEN 1842/sendmail: tcp 0 0 localhost.lo:x11-ssh-offset *:* LISTEN 3098/1 tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:6011 *:* LISTEN 3159/2 tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 1811/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:x11-ssh-offset *:* LISTEN 3098/1 tcp 0 0 ::1:6011 *:* LISTEN 3159/2 tcp 0 0 molino.inf.utfsm.cl:ssh rocuant:1680 ESTABLISHED 3159/2 tcp 0 0 molino.inf.utfsm.cl:ssh mesilla:33477established 3098/1

9 Fundamentos de Red host is an alias for has address has address nslookup Server: Address: #53 Non-authoritative answer: canonical name = Name: Address: Name: Address:

10 Sistema de Archivos Montar dispositivos mount t tipo_fs dev dir o opciones Tipo de Sistema de Archivos ext2 ext3 msdos vfat Iso9660 nfs ntfs

11 Sistema de Archivos Dispositivo /dev/hda1 /dev/fd0 /dev/cdrom imagen.iso Directorio 'Cualquiera'

12 Sistema de Archivos Opciones ro rw exec user suid auto Etc.

13 Sistema de Archivos Disquete de DOS: mount t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy o rw,noexec umount /mnt/floppy Disquete de Windows 9X: mount t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy o user,rw umount /mnt/floppy

14 Sistema de Archivos CD ROM: mount t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom o ro umount /mnt/cdrom Directorio exportado desde pc2: mount t nfs host2:/tmp /mnt/net umount /mnt/net

15 Sistema de Archivos Desmontar umount /directorio Se debe realizar esta operación para sincronizar datos, liberar recursos, etc.

16 Sistema de Archivos /etc/fstab LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot1 /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode= none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 /dev/volgroup00/logvol01 /home ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/volgroup00/logvol04 /opt ext3 defaults 1 2 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 /dev/volgroup00/logvol03 /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/volgroup00/logvol00 /usr ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/volgroup00/logvol02 /var ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=SWAP-hda3 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/hdd /media/cdrom auto exec,noauto 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto exec,noauto 0 0

17 Sistema de Archivos Mtools mdir a: mdel a:*.txt mcopy archivo a: mcopy a:texto.doc directorio/ mformat a: mtools

18 Sistema de Archivos df h /dev/hda2 1012M 204M 757M 22% / /dev/hda1 99M 11M 83M 12% /boot none 189M 0 189M 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/volgroup00-logvol01 5,0G 43M 4,7G 1% /home /dev/mapper/volgroup00-logvol04 15G 70M 15G 1% /opt /dev/mapper/volgroup00-logvol03 248M 11M 226M 5% /tmp /dev/mapper/volgroup00-logvol00 4,9G 2,4G 2,3G 51% /usr /dev/mapper/volgroup00-logvol M 456M 502M 48% /var

19 Sistema de Archivos fuser /dev/null: lsof COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME udevd 958 root 0u CHR 1, /dev/null udevd 958 root 1u CHR 1, /dev/null udevd 958 root 2u CHR 1, /dev/null dhclient 1611 root 0u CHR 1, /dev/null dhclient 1611 root 1u CHR 1, /dev/null dhclient 1611 root 2u CHR 1, /dev/null portmap 1678 rpc 0u CHR 1, /dev/null portmap 1678 rpc 1u CHR 1, /dev/null portmap 1678 rpc 2u CHR 1, /dev/null

20 Sistema de Archivos e2fsck (fsck, fsck.ext3, fsck.ext2, fsck.vfat, fsck.msdos) badblocks e2fsck 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) /dev/hda1 is mounted. WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)? yes /boot: recovering journal /boot: clean, 30/26104 files, 9964/ blocks

21 Sistema de Archivos fdisk fdisk l /dev/hda mke2fs (mkfs, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, mkfs.msdos) mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1 e2label e2label /dev/hda1 /boot tune2fs tune2fs j /dev/hda1

22 LVM lvmdiskscan /dev/hda [ GB] /dev/hda1 [ MB] /dev/hda2 [ 5.37 GB] /dev/hda3 [ 1.00 GB] /dev/hda4 [ 1.00 KB] /dev/hda5 [ MB] /dev/hda6 [ MB] /dev/hda7 [ MB] /dev/hda8 [ GB] 1 disk 8 partitions 0 LVM physical volume whole disks 0 LVM physical volumes

23 LVM vgdisplay vgscan vgcreate (crear volumen) vgck (chequear volumen) vgmerge (juntar dos volumenes en uno) vgextend (agregar volumenes) vgreduce (remover volumenes)

24 LVM lvscan lvs lvdisplay lvcreate (crear volumen logico) lvextend L+256M /dev/volgroup00/logvol01 lvreduce L+256M /dev/volgroup00/logvol01 resize2fs

25 Sistema de Logs syslogd klogd /etc/syslog.conf # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure

26 Sistema de Logs dmesg Dec 9 14:49:46 molino kernel: device eth0 entered promiscuous mode Dec 9 14:50:01 molino kernel: device eth0 left promiscuous mode Dec 9 15:01:01 molino crond(pam_unix)[3206]: session opened for user root by (uid=0) Dec 9 15:01:01 molino crond(pam_unix)[3206]: session closed for user root Dec 9 15:42:59 molino kernel: cdrom: open failed. /var/log/messages Disabled Privacy Extensions on device 0236dc20(lo) IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver divert: not allocating divert_blk for non-ethernet device sit0 mtrr: 0xf ,0x overlaps existing 0xf ,0x mtrr: 0xf ,0x overlaps existing 0xf ,0x Adding k swap on /dev/hda3. Priority:-1 extents:1

27 Sistema de Logs /var/log/maillog Dec 9 11:13:12 molino sendmail[2904]: ib9edcwc002904: from=<root@molino.inf.utfsm.cl>, size=15285, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=< ib9edc0s002902@molino.inf.utfsm.cl>, proto=esmtp, daemon=mta, relay=localhost.localdomain [ ] Dec 9 11:13:12 molino sendmail[2902]: ib9edc0s002902: to=root, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=44989, relay=[ ] [ ], dsn=2.0.0, stat=sent (ib9edcwc Message accepted for delivery) /var/log/xorg.0.log /var/log/lastlog, /var/log/wtmp last, who, w, finger