Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero TEMA 1. La población mundial. Distribución espacial de la población. La transición demográfica. Perspectivas de futuro.

Transcripción

1 TEMA 1 La población mundial. Distribución espacial de la población. La transición demográfica. Perspectivas de futuro.

2 PIRÁMIDES DE POBLACIÓN: DISTRIBUCIÓN POR EDAD Y SEXO, 2000 Y 2050.

3 WORLD POPULATION GROWTH, IN BILLIONS Number of years to add each billion (year) First Billion (1800) Second 130 (1930) Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth 30 (1960) 15 (1975) 12 (1987) 12 (1999) 14 (2013) 14 (2027) 21 (2048) Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

4 ANNUAL INCREASE IN WORLD POPULATION Millions Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

5 GROWTH IN MORE, LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Billions Less Developed Regions Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

6 MAPA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DENSIDAD POBLACIÓN Less Developed Regions Más mapas:

7 IMAGEN NOCTURNA DE LA TIERRA Less Developed Regions Fuente:

8 APTITUD DE LA SUPERFICIE TERRESTRE PARA EL POBLAMIENTO Tierra emergida = 30 % - Sequía 28 % - Falta minerales 23 % - Poco espesor suelos 22 % - Suelos anegados 10 % Less Developed Regions - Permafrost 6 % - Cultivable 11 %

9 APTITUD DE LA SUPERFICIE TERRESTRE PARA EL POBLAMIENTO Tierra emergida = 30 % 6% 11% 28% 10% 22% Less Developed Regions 23% Sequía Falta minerales Poco espesor suelos Suelos anegados Permafrost Cultivable

10 VACÍOS DEMOGRÁFICOS 1. Zonas frías de los hemisferios N y S. 20% tierras emergidas 0,02% población. En la antartida (14 mill. Km 2 ) no hay población permanente. 2. Zonas desérticas 12,5% superficie 1,4% Población. En el interior de los grandes desiertos la población es prácticamente nula. Less Developed Regions 3. Zonas cálidas y húmedas del Ecuador (Cuencas Amazonas, Congo; Is. Borneo, Nueva Guinea) En total los vacíos representan + More 25% Developed de la superficie, Regions ocupada por un 2% de la población.

11 THE CLASSIC STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Birth rate Natural increase Less Developed Regions Death rate Time Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.

12 Less Developed Regions Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.

13 Less Developed Regions

14 Less Developed Regions

15 Less Developed Regions

16 Less Developed Regions

17 According to the 2008 Revision of the officialunited Nations population estimates and projections, the world population is projected to reach 7 billion Less Developed Regions early in 2012, up from the current 6.8 billion, and surpass 9 billion people by 2050

18 Most of the additional 2.3 billion people will enlarge the population of developing countries, which is projected to rise from 5.6 billion in 2009 to 7.9 billion in 2050, and will be distributed among the population Less Developed Regions aged (1.2 billion) and 60 or over (1.1 billion) because the number of children under age15 in developing countries will decrease.

19 The population of the more developed regions is expected to change minimally, passing from 1.23 billion to 1.28 billion, and would have declined to 1.15 billion were it not for the projected net migration Less Developed Regions from developing to developed countries, which is projected to average 2.4 million persons annually from 2009 to 2050.

20 Less Developed Regions