NEGOCIACIONES COMERCIALES MULTILATERALES RONDA URUGUAY

Transcripción

1 NEGOCIACIONES COMERCIALES MULTILATERALES RONDA URUGUAY RESTRICTED MTN TNC/W/61 14 de enero de 1991 Distribución especial Comité de Negociaciones Comerciales Original: inglés COMUNICACIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE COREA Oferta condicional de la República de Corea relativa a los compromisos iniciales sobre el comercio de servicios La comunicación siguiente se distribuye a petición de la delegación de la República de Corea. I. Observaciones generales Corea presenta respetuosamente su oferta condicional de compromisos iniciales sobre el comercio de servicios, que figura en la lista adjunta. El Gobierno coreano concede gran importancia a la feliz conclusión de las negociaciones sobre servicios, las cuales servirán de firme fundamento para la expansión dei comercio mundial de servicios. A pesar de la falta de tiempo y de directrices suficientes, Corea se ha esforzado para preparar la oferta más completa posible. En la mayoría de los casos, las clasificaciones principales de los sectores de servicios se ajustan a la lista de referencia distribuida con la signatura MTN.GNS/W/50, mientras que las clasificaciones de los subsectores se basan principalmente en las reglamentaciones e instituciones nacionales coreanas. Esta oferta es condicional. Corea hace reserva de su derecho a modificar, ampliar o retirar esta oferta en cualquier momento antes de la finalización de las negociaciones sobre servicios, en función dei grado en que las ofertas de otras partes sean equivalentes y mutuamente aceptables y dei texto final dei acuerdo marco y sus anexos sectoriales. Corea hace también reserva de su derecho a introducir en su oferta modificaciones de carácter técnico. Para preparar la presente oferta se ha utilizado como base el régimen reglamentario en vigor el I o de noviembre de Puede que sea necesario introducir algunas aclaraciones y/o enmiendas adicionales en caso de que se hayan omitido por error algunas restricciones debido principalmente a las limitaciones de tiempo o a inadvertencia. ' Inglés solamente SECRETARIA DEL GATT UR

2 MTN.TNC/W/61 Página 2 II. Limitaciones, condiciones y salvedades aplicables a todos los sectores de servicios 1. Presencia comercial El establecimiento de una empresa conjunta, una filial o una oficina sucursal de una sociedad extranjera (oficina o sucursal de enlace o representación) está sujeto a los requisitos de procedimiento establecidos en la Ley de Fomento de las Inversiones Extranjeras o en la Ley de Control de Cambios, según corresponda. Desde 1984, Corea ha adoptado un sistema negativo para autorizar las inversiones extranjeras directas, en virtud dei cual normalmente se permiten dichas inversiones excepto en los sectores expresamente indicados en una Lista Negativa. Las inversiones extranjeras directas en los sectores incluidos en la Lista Negativa pueden permitirse en caso de que cumplan ciertas condiciones adicionales. Como se indica en la lista adjunta, el establecimiento de una oficina sucursal puede estar sujeto, en algunos sectores, a limitaciones y/o condiciones diferentes de las aplicables a las empresas conjuntas o las filiales. Las fusiones y adquisiciones de empresas nacionales por extranjeros, a través de la adquisición de acciones emitidas y en circulación, está condicionada a la aprobación de las autoridades competentes de conformidad con lo establecido por la Ley de Control de Cambios o la Ley de Fomento de las Inversiones Extranjeras. El Gobierno coreano está procediendo a liberalizar todavía más su política de inversiones extranjeras directas mediante la transformación, en 1993, dei sistema actual de aprobación en un sistema de notificación. No obstante, pueden imponerse restricciones a las inversiones extranjeras directas que puedan dar lugar a prácticas monopolistas o predatorias en el mercado interior. 2. Adquisición y uso de la tierra La adquisición de tierras por extranjeros o empresas nacionales que sean consideradas extranjeras debido a la participación extranjera en su capital está condicionada a la aprobación por las autoridades competentes de conformidad con lo establecido por la Ley de Adquisición de Tierras por Extranjeros. No obstante, las oficinas sucursales de sociedades extranjeras (oficinas o sucursales de enlace o representación) tienen prohibida la adquisición de derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra, aunque se les permite que adquieran derechos de arrendatario. 3. Control de cambios De conformidad con la Ley de Control de Cambios, la contratación por residentes en el pais de determinados servicios que hayan de pagarse en divisas precisa de la aprobación de las autoridades competentes.

3 MTN.TNC/W/61 Página 3 4. Movimiento de personal Previo cumplimiento de ciertos requisitos de procedimiento tales como la obtención de un permiso de trabajo de acuerdo con los términos de la Ley de Control de la Inmigración, puede permitirse la entrada de personal extranjero que sea esencial para la prestación de servicios en Corea. Corea está procediendo a examinar más detenidamente el alcance de los movimientos de personal. En negociaciones futuras, Corea está dispuesta a ofrecer compromisos más concretos sobre el movimiento de personal en cada uno de los sectores.

4 III. Sectoral commitment (1): : : 1. Audio-visual services cross-border supply consumption abroad commercial presence OQ 3 (D -3 * Z O i- 1 Sub-sector Import and distribution of motion picture Import of sound recording and video tape recording (1) Unbound Foreign investment is subject to the criteria for permitting foreign investment in restricted industries in the guidelines for foreign investment. (1) Unbound Restriction on the registration of foreigner and foreign legal entity. The restriction will be removed from January 1992 (subject to the approval of the National Assembly). Note; The requirement for concerned ministry's recommendation or permission for the import of foreign motion picture, video tape recording and sound recording has not been indicated since the distinction between finished product trade and audio visual service trade is still unclear. The limitation on the number of foreign motion picture prints is scheduled to be gradually liberalized by (1991: 14 prints, 1992: 15 prints, 1993: 16 prints)

5 2. Business services Sub-sector Advertising Engineering service (1) Import and use of foreign made advertising materials require a letter of recommendation from the Minister concerned (Article 10, Motion Picture Act, Article 8, Disk Law) Joint ventures permitted with up to 99Z share holding by foreign agencios. (1) Unbound Establishment of branch offices or subsidiaries permitted from January 1991 The Law on the Korea Broadcasting Advertising Corporation (KOBACO) should be observed by agencies applying for accreditation from KOBACO. - The Rules of the Newspaper Advertising Council of the Korea Newspaper Publishers Association should be observed by agencies applying for accreditation to the Council. Registration required (Article 3, Engineering Services Promotion Law) Note: Includes advisory and consultative engineering, industrial and construction engineering.

6 Sub-sector Computer-related (1) services Software development (1) Management and (1) administrative consulting Engineering design (1) Project management (1) Unbound Ko limitations or conditions Registration required (Article 3, Engineering Services Promotion Law) Unbound Registration required (Article 3, Engineering Services Promotion Law) No conditons or qualifications

7 Sub-sector Translation services (1) Certified public accountant (CPA) services (1) To practice as a CPA in Korea, Korean CPA qualification is required (Articles 2, 4, 5, Certified Public Accountant Act) - A foreign CPA who has obtained his licence in a country where Korean CPA licences are regarded as being valid, following the attainment of an appropriate licence from the Korean Government, is allowed to provide auditing services to joint venture companies that are more than 50Z owned by corporations or citizens of his own country and to other local companies in which corporations or citizens of his own country have interests. Unbound Unbound

8 Sub-sector Certified tax accountant (CTA) services (1) Practice of tax accountancy is permitted subject to obtaining a Korean CTA licence. Foreign CTAs, CPAs and lawyers may practise book-keeping and tax consulting in the following c^^es: - CTAs licensed by a foreign country which recognizes Korean licences as being valid shall acquire a Korean CTA qualification by passing domestic tax exams. CPAs and lawyers licensed by a foreign country which recognizes CTA privileges of CPAs and lawyers shall retain such privileges upon acquiring Korean CPA or lawyer qualification respectively. Unbound except for the establishment of an individual office. Unbound

9 3. Telecommunications Sub-sector On-line database and and remote computing services (1) No limitation or conditions Not applicable Not applicable Domestic services only International services allowed from July 1991, subject to registration (Article 73-2, Public Telecommunications Business Law). Computer communication services (1) Not applicable Not applicable Domestic services only allowed to companies with less than 50Z foreign equity, subject to registration (Article 9, Foreign Capital Inducement Act, Article 73-2, Public Telecommunications Business Law). - International services allowed from July So >-3 oa z m -3 vc- Z o - Elimination of foreign equity restrictions from January Data transmission services (1) Not applicable Not applicable

10 T3 S» >-3 OQ Z (B "-3 M Z O O Sub-sector Prohibited - Domestic and international services allowed to companies which are providing computer communication services above and with less than 50Z foreign equity from July 1991 subject to registration (Article 9, Foreign Capital Inducement Act, Article 73-2 of Public Telecommunications Business Law). Prohibited Note: Telecommunications services which are carried over common carriers* networks and which do not mediate third party communications. 'Telecommunications services which are carried over common carriers* networks and which store and forward or process and forward customer's information on a non-real time base other than those above (code and protocol conversion services included). Telecommunications services which are carried over common carriers' networks and which transmit and/or exchange customer's information without change in the form or content on a real-time base (voice telephony, telex, facsimile services excluded).

11 4. Construction Sub-sector General construction (civil works, building) (1) Unbound Licence required (Article 6, Construction Business Act), joint venture permitted Unbound - Foreign equity restrictions will be eliminated from January Branch will be allowed from January 1996 Special construction (special construction, specialist construcción, electrical works, communication works, anti-fire equipment installation) (1) Unbound Licence required (Article 6, Construction Business Act, Article 5, Electrical Construction Business Act, Article 5, Communication Construction Business Act, Article 42-2, Anti-Fire Act), joint venture permitted Unbound Foreign equity restrictions will be eliminated from January 1996 Architectural services - Branch will be allowed from January 1998 (1) Registration required (Article 23, Archifct Act) - Joint contracts with domestic architectural firms will be allowed from January 1996 ED H OQ Z (S H H 1 Z t- n Domestic licence required to register (Article 7, 23, Architect Act)

12 Distribution ti s» 1-3 OQ Z (D -3 M Z I-o O Sub-sector Wholesale (1) Retail (1) A business establishing a single shop,, the floor area of which is below 700 m, is allowed Note: Businesses selling fisheries, drugs, fertilizers, pesticides, watches, jewellery, ginseng :.c, and establishing a shop, the floor area of which is not less than 700 m and agricultural and fishery wholesale markets are subject to approval under individual law. 2 Excluding wholesale of grain, meats, fruits, vegetables, alcoholic beverages, fettilizers, pesticides, books and newspapers, brokers-chain market, general foreign trade, foreign trade brokers. 3 Excluding retail of tobacco, antiques and art, grain, meats, fruits, vegetables, food beverages and tobacco n.e.c, drugs, cosmetics, books, oil service stations, gas service stations, coal briquettes, fuel oil, bottled gas.

13 6. Financial services Sub-sector (Banking) Banking Services auxiliary to banking (1) Representative offices, and branches upon the fulfilment of guidelines only. (1) (?) Bank branches only Only the acceptance of deposits, loans, and exchange business are allowed: Capital (or operating funds) increases allowed subject to the Monetary Board's approval; Establishments of ATMs allowed subject to existing criteria. Only the following auxiliary services are allowed: Sales of commercial bills and trade bills; - Mutual instalment deposits; SB i-3 OQ Z a> -3 M z Trust business (1) Bank branches are subject to guideline. Guarantees. Trust business as stipulated by the Trust Business Law.

14 Sub-sector (Securities business) (1) (Insurance) Direct insurance (1 Approvals for representative offices, branches and joint ventures are subject to specified requirements: - Foreign partners must have equity participation in joint ventures of at least 40Z, but not including 50Z; Currently, foreign equity participation in existing securitie" firms is possible with less than 50Z (less than 10Z for each). Marine cargo only (marine cargo on import goods: permitted from January 1995) Marine cargo (marine cargo on imported goods: permitted from January 1995) and any remaining active policies which were issueu during foreign residence, until their expiration. Only brokerage, dealing and underwriting are allowed. - A minimum is required for paid-in capitals or operating funds. - Membership to the Stock Exchange will be decided by the existing members.

15 Sub-sector Required to obtain licences under certain guidelines. For the non-life insurance business in particular, only the following modes of entry are permitted: branch or equity participation of less than 20Z in existing non-life insurance companies. Reinsurance and retrocession (1) No restrictions other than the obligation of priority reinsurance cessions to domestic insurers. The same as above. The same as commercial presence for direct insurance. Insurance auxiliary services (consulting, actuarial, claim handling, risk management) (1) Required to register with the Insurance Supervisory Board under the guidelines set by the Ministry of Finance. Required to obtain licences from the Ministry of Finance under certain guidelines. o> H oo Z (D f-3 I- 1 Z w o

16 "0 S» H OQ Z a> -i H- Z o» o s: Note: In preparing this list of offers on financial services, Korea takes into account the following matters: <* 1. Application In consideration of the unique characteristics of Korea's financial system, Korea has chosen the form of binding consistent with the services framework. With regard to national treatment, the traditional definition of national treatment should be applied, as in such instances, market practices are considered outside the scope of the services framework. 2. Self-regulatory body When a party is unable to exercise authority on self-regulatory bodies, it is unable to ensure the application of national treatment by those self-regulatory bodies to financial service providers of other parties. 3. Reciprocity Authorization for the establishment of banks or other financial institutions is subject to reciprocity requirements only for those countries which impose reciprocity requirements. 4. Prudential measures Certain requirements exist due to prudential reasons and to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system.

17 7. Transportation A. Air transportation Sub-sector Ground handling services Selling and marketing of air transport services Computer reservation systems (1) Permission for joint ventures with less than 50Z foreign equity from January 1997 (1) Permission for joint ventures with less than 50Z foreign equity from January 1997 (1) Not applicable Not applicable Domestic services only allowed to companies with less than 50Z foreign equity, subject to registration (Article 9, Foreign Capital Inducement Act, Article 73-2 Public Telecommunications Business Law) - international services subject to further consideration p) H 00 z» > H Z Aircraft repair and maintenance (1) Permission for joint ventures with less than 50Z foreign equity from January 1997

18 Sub-sector International deep-sea passenger shipping International deep-sea cargo shipping (1) No limitations except for approval of liner service An applicant for a joint venture shall obtain approval from the Administrator of the KMPA (Article 4, MTBA) - The foreign equity shall be less than 50Z - The juridical representative of the joint venture shall be a national (1) A person who intends to transport the marine cargoes as prescribed in the Presidential Decree shall utilize Korean flag vessels (Article 16-1, MTIFA) - Cargo preference system will be phased out by January 1995 A foreign maritime cargo transporter shall obtain permission from the Administrator of the KMPA to establish a branch office (Article 26-2, MTIFA).

19 Sub-sector A licence to a foreign investor for a joint venture on specific liners and specific cargoes is required (Article 27-2, MTBA) - The juridical representative of the joint venture shall be a national Auxiliary services (freight forwarding, ship brokering, ship management, ship leasing, shipping agency) (1) Unbound - Joint ventures are permitted with the condition that foreign equity shall be less than 50Z - The juridical representative of the joint venture shall be a national Unbound - Joint ventures of the shipping agency invested by a foreign shipping company shall be an agent only for his own cargoes and vessels Note: KMPA: Korea Maritime and Port Administration MTBA: Maritime Transportation Business Act MTIFA: Maritime Transportation Industry Fostering Act (D 1-3 OQ Z <0-3 >- Z vo O

20 C. Road transportation t) s P> i-3 oo z (1) >-3 N3 Z o o Sub-sector o> Freight transport by road (1) Licences for general local freight transport will be permitted from January 1997 Storage and warehousing (1) No limitations except for a licence under Storage and Warehousing Law

21 8. Tourism Sub-sector Tourist hotels, youth hostels, family hotels, Korean traditional hotels (1) Registration required Foreigners' tourist souvenir shops (Article 4, Tourism Promotion Law) (1) Registration required (Article 4, Tourism Promotion Law) Professional convention organizers (1) Travel agencies Registration required (Article 4, Tourism Promotion Law) (1) Limitations on travel expenses (Article 21, Foreign Exchange Control Law) CD z (o t-3 M Z M O Registration required (Article 4, Tourism Promotion Law)