Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
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- Elvira Navarro Ortega
- hace 1 años
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1 Cancer of the Colon and Rectum The colon is also called the large bowel or large intestine. It is the lower 5 to 6 feet of the digestive system. The last 8 to 10 inches of the colon is the rectum. Colon cancer, sometimes called colorectal cancer, is cancer that starts in the large intestine or rectum. Cancer cells are abnormal cells. Cancer cells grow and divide more quickly than healthy cells. Some cancer cells may form growths called tumors. All tumors increase in size, but some tumors grow quickly, others slowly. Some cancer cells spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. Signs Cancer of the colon and rectum often has no signs. See your doctor if you have any of these signs: Dark or bright red blood in or on the stool Diarrhea or constipation that does not go away or other change in bowel habits Pain in the lower abdomen Loss of weight for no reason Feel tired or lack energy Stools are more narrow than usual for more than a few days. This may be from a tumor in the rectum. Types of Tumors Tumors found in the colon or rectum can be benign or malignant. 1
2 Cáncer de colon y recto El colon también se llama intestino grueso. Es la parte inferior de 5 a 6 pies (1.5 a 2 metros) del sistema digestivo. Las últimas 8 a 10 pulgadas (20 a 25 cm) del colon se denominan recto. El cáncer de colon, algunas veces llamado cáncer colorrectal, es el cáncer que comienza en el intestino grueso o el recto. Las células cancerosas son células anormales. Estas células crecen y se multiplican más rápido que las células sanas. Algunas células cancerosas pueden crear formaciones llamadas tumores. Todos los tumores aumentan de tamaño, pero algunos crecen rápidamente y otros lentamente. Las células cancerosas se propagan a otras partes del cuerpo a través de los sistemas sanguíneo y linfático. Ano Recto Intestino grueso (colon) Signos El cáncer de colon y recto a menudo no tiene síntomas. Consulte a su médico si presenta cualquiera de estos síntomas: sangre oscura o de color rojo intenso en las heces diarrea o estreñimiento que no desaparece u otro cambio en los hábitos de evacuación dolor en la parte baja del abdomen pérdida de peso sin ninguna razón sensación de cansancio o falta de energía las heces son más estrechas que lo habitual por más de unos días. Esto puede ser a causa de un tumor en el recto. Tipos de tumores Los tumores que se encuentran en el colon o recto pueden ser benignos o malignos. Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Spanish. 1
3 Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. They can be removed by surgery. Cysts are benign tumors that contain fluid. Malignant tumors may grow into the nearby tissues, organs or blood. Your Care Tests If your doctor thinks you may be at risk for cancer, you may have some of these tests: Physical exam with a rectal exam where the doctor inserts a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum to feel for lumps. Sigmoidoscopy where a thin, flexible tube is put into the rectum to let the doctor see inside the lower part of the colon. Colonoscopy where a thin, flexible tube is put into the rectum to let the doctor see the entire length of the colon. Samples of tissue are removed for testing, called a biopsy. Barium enema where liquid barium and air is put into the rectum to see the colon on x-ray. Blood tests to check blood loss and how well the liver is working. If tumors are found, your doctor may order x-rays, CT scans and other types of blood tests to see if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Treatment After all of your tests are done, your doctor will talk to you about treatments that are best for you. Treatment may include: Surgery to remove the tumor. The kind of surgery will depend on the location and size of the tumor. Often, the part of the colon with cancer is removed. 2
4 Los tumores benignos no se propagan a otras partes del cuerpo. Se pueden extirpar mediante cirugía. Los quistes son tumores benignos que contienen líquido. Los tumores malignos pueden propagarse a los tejidos, órganos o sangre circundante. Cuidados Exámenes Si su médico considera que puede tener cáncer, puede someterlo a los siguientes exámenes: Examen médico con un examen rectal donde el médico inserta un dedo protegido con un guante y lubricado en el recto para ver si hay bultos. Sigmoidoscopia donde se introduce un tubo delgado y flexible en el recto que permite que el médico vea la parte inferior del colon. Colonoscopia donde se introduce un tubo delgado y flexible en el recto que permite que el médico vea toda la longitud del colon. Se toman muestras de tejido para realizar un examen llamado biopsia. Enema de bario donde se coloca el bario líquido y aire en el recto para ver el colon en la radiografía. Exámenes de sangre para detectar pérdida de sangre y cómo está funcionando el hígado. Si se encuentran tumores, su médico ordenará radiografías, tomografías computarizadas y otros tipos de exámenes de sangre para determinar si el cáncer se propagó a otras partes del cuerpo. Tratamiento Después de realizarse todos sus exámenes, su médico conversará con usted sobre los tratamientos más adecuados para usted. El tratamiento puede incluir: Cirugía para extirpar el tumor. El tipo de cirugía dependerá de la ubicación y el tamaño del tumor. A menudo, se extirpa la parte del colon con cáncer. Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Spanish. 2
5 Radiation therapy to stop or slow the growth of cancer. It is often used after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that may remain. Chemotherapy medicines to kill cancer cells. These medicines are given by mouth, by injection into a muscle or vein, or directly into the affected organ to treat cancer. These medicines help kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy may also be called biotherapy. This treatment uses natural substances made by the body s immune system. This kills cancer cells, slows their growth or helps the immune system fight the cancer in a better way. You may have one or more cancer treatments. Some patients have surgery followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Follow-up Care Regular visits to your doctor are important. Your care at these visits may include blood tests, CT scans, chest x-rays or other tests. Report any problems to your doctor between visits. Talk to your doctor or nurse if you have any questions or concerns /2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. 3
6 Radioterapia para detener o retrasar el desarrollo del cáncer. Se usa con frecuencia después de la cirugía para destruir toda célula cancerosa que pueda quedar. Medicamentos de quimioterapia para destruir las células cancerosas. Estos medicamentos se administran por vía oral, mediante inyecciones en un músculo o una vena, o directamente en el órgano afectado para tratar el cáncer. Estos medicamentos ayudan a destruir las células cancerosas. La inmunoterapia también se puede llamar bioterapia. Este tratamiento usa sustancias naturales que produce el sistema inmunológico del cuerpo. Destruye las células cancerosas, desacelera su desarrollo o ayuda al sistema inmunológico a combatir el cáncer de mejor manera. Puede ser sometido a uno o más tratamientos contra el cáncer. Algunos pacientes se someten a cirugía seguida de radioterapia o quimioterapia. Cuidados de control Son importantes las visitas regulares al médico. Su atención en estas visitas pueden incluir exámenes de sangre, tomografías computarizadas, radiografías de tórax y otros exámenes. Informe a su médico de cualquier problema que tenga entre visitas. Hable con su médico o enfermera si tiene alguna pregunta o duda /2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Spanish. 3
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