The Present Indicative Tense is used to talk about what is occurring in the general present time frame.

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1 Vocabulary Siempre Nunca - A veces - always jamas sometimes Casi nunca almost never Casi siempre almost siempre A menudo - Antes de often before Después de after 3) Verbs in Present Indicative Tense. (Presente de Indicativo). The Present Indicative Tense is used to talk about what is occurring in the general present time frame. Utilización del presente de Indicativo Present Indicative El presente de Indicativo expresa acciones que tienen lugar en el momento en que se habla. Por ejemplo The present tense expresses actions taking place at the time in which it is spoken. Carlitos estudia en el instituto. El presente de Indicativo expresa acciones que ocurren frecuentemente. Por ejemplo: The present tense expresses actions that often occur. Carla nunca desayuna por la mañana. Puede expresar acciones futuras. Por ejemplo The present tense can express future actions. El verano que viene mis amigos se van de vacaciones a Nicaragua. Se utiliza para expresar órdenes. Por ejemplo: It is used to express orders. Ahora mismo vas a casa de José y traes el libro. Se puede utilizar para referirse a acciones pasadas. Por ejemplo: It can be used to refer to past actions Ayer estaba con Carlitos en el parque y de pronto viene Carla y me dice: A quién esperas?

2 The present tense in Spanish can mean three things. The Spanish phrase "yo hablo" can mean: yo hablo yo hablo yo hablo I speak I am speaking I do speak In Spanish, there are three categories of verbs. The category is determined by the last two letters of the infinitive: -ar verbs (like hablar) -er verbs (like comer) -ir verbs (like vivir) The infinitive is the base form of the verb. In Spanish, all infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir. -ar verb -er verb - ir verb hablar (to speak) comer (to eat) vivir (to live) To conjugate a verb means to manipulate the infinitive so that it agrees with the different possible subjects. Here is the present tense conjugation of the infinitive "to speak": to speak I speak you speak he speaks she speaks we speak you-all speak they speak Many Spanish verbs are completely regular, meaning that they follow a specific pattern of conjugation. Before you can do that, you must memorize the following subject pronouns. yo (I) tú (you - informal) él (he) ella (she) usted (you - formal) nosotros/nosotras (we) vosotros/vosotras (you-all - informal) ellos/ellas (they) ustedes (you-all formal) Spanish infinitives are divided into two parts: the ending and the stem. The ending is the last two letters. Remember, all infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir. The stem is everything that's left after you remove the ending. habl + ar = hablar com + er = comer viv + ir = vivir

3 In Spanish, you conjugate verbs by changing the ending. To conjugate a verb we must remove the ending of the infinitive and add to the verbal root endings that apply in each case. Verbos regulares -ar -er - ir Cenar Comer Vivir cen o com-o viv-o cen-as com-es viv-es cen-amos com-emos viv-imos cen-ais com-eis viv-is cen-an com-en viv-en Verbos irregulars There is a large group of verbs whose stem vowels change when conjugated in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. It is always the stressed vowel that changes. There are three groups of "stem-changing" verbs. The first has an e that changes to ie, and this is the largest of the three groups. An example is empezar: yo empiezo tú empiezas ella empieza nosotros empezamos (vosotros empezáis) ellos empiezan The second group has an e that changes to i, as in conseguir: yo consigo tú consigues nosotros conseguimos (vosotros conseguís)

4 Ud. consigue ellas consiguen The third group has an o that changes to ue, as in soñar: yo sueño tú sueñas él sueña nosotros soñamos (vosotros soñáis) Uds. Sueñan The list of Individual Verbs. (Verbos Individuales). SER: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son ESTAR: estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están DECIR: digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen HACER: hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen IR: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van SABER: se, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, saben OIR: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen SALIR: salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salís, salen TENER: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen VENIR: vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen VER: veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven CAER: caigo, caes, cae, caemos, caéis, caen VALER: valgo, vales, vale, valemos, valéis, valen TRAER: traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traéis, traen DAR: doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan CABER: quepo, cabes, cabe, cabemos, cabéis, caben

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