English 3. By the end of this lesson you will be able to:

Transcripción

1 English 3 Unit 10 What s up? Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Use the present perfect continuous to talk about recent activities. Use since, for and in with the present perfect continuous and present perfect. Use already, still and yet with the present perfect. 1

2 Introduction A: Hey, I haven t seen you in a really long time! A: What have you been doing? B: Yes, I know, it has been months, I ve been busy. B:I have been working in a new project and I have been spending a lot of time in my office. In many occasions, you have the opportunity to see friends you didn t see a long time ago, and it is very common to talk about your lives. What you saw in the example above is what you will learn, how to use the present perfect continuous. This is a tense that will help you to express about repeated activities which started in the past and continue in the present. This is not such a difficult grammatical structure you just have to see its difference with the present perfect. In spoken English the present perfect is more common than the present perfect continuous, but it is important you learned both tenses. As part of this unit you will learn how to use: since, for and in. These expressions are used with the present perfect and present perfect continuous. Also you will learn to use already, still and yet. Let s start. 2

3 Use the present perfect continuous to talk about repeated actions that you did or you have done recently. "I ve been talking to my parents about my career" I ve been eating healthy lately. We have been studying for the exam. Affirmative sentences for the pronouns I, you, we, they. Subject have/ ve been verb. ing. complement I have been working in the computer the whole day. My parents have been traveling a lot these days. Affirmative Sentences: Pronouns he, she, it. Subject has/ s been verb. ing. complement My partner has been feeling sick. My brother has been acting weird since the accident. 3

4 Negative Sentences: Pronouns I, you, we, they. Subject have not (haven t) been verb. ing. complement You haven t been going out. We have not been smoking these days Negative Sentences: Pronouns he, she, it. Subject has not (hasn t) been verb. ing. complement Larry hasn t been doing exercise. Our teacher hasn t been coming to class Yes-No questions: Pronouns I, you, we, they. Have subject been verb. ing. complement Answer Have you been playing soccer? Yes, I have. Have they been going out? No, they haven t Yes-No questions: Pronouns he, she, it. Has subject been verb. ing. complement Answer Has Gloria been eating well? No, she hasn t. Has he been doing exercise? Yes, he has 4

5 Information questions: Pronouns I, you, we, they. have subject been verb. ing. Where have you been living? I ve been living in Mexico city. Information questions: Pronouns he, she, it Whword Whword has subject been verb. ing. What has your sister been doing? She s been traveling around Europe. Its difference with the Present Perfect The present perfect focuses on the result of the activity, it is also used to say how often an activity has happened. I ve traveled to Europe many times. (The person did that activity and perhaps he will do it again in the future). I ve been traveling around Europe. (The person has been doing that activity recently) 5

6 Since, for and in. Use since, for and in to express for how long an activity has been in progress. Since is used to express: exact dates, months, years and situations. I ve been working out since November. My brother s played soccer since Luis and I have lived together since February Monica has been eating healthy since she got sick. Since, for and in. For is used to express: periods of time. I ve danced ballet for 20 years. She has been swimming for two weeks. My manager and the rest of the staff have been doing the project for over a year. In is used to express: periods of time in negative statements. I haven t played video games in many weeks. Victoria hasn t come to see us in two years. 6

7 Already, still and yet These adverbs of time can be used with the present perfect. Already is used in affirmative sentences. I ve already done my homework, mom! Still is used in negative sentences in this tense. Natalie still hasn t called and I am worried. Yet is used in negative sentences and questions. Have you seen Fast and Furious 5 yet? No, not yet. Manuel hasn t eaten yet, his food is in the fridge. Learning Notes: The present perfect is more used than the present continuous. Already can also be used in questions. Yet is more used in negative statements. 7

8 Closing In this unit you learned about the present perfect continuous, as you can see this tense is used to talk about repeated activities that someone start in the past and continue to the present. This tense is not as complicated as the present perfect, but you just have to remember the spelling rules and the context in which you are going to use it. The expressions of time you learned in this unit since, for and in are very important because you can use them with the present perfect, as well as the adverbs (already, still and yet) to emphasis in the time when they action took place. The topic of this lesson is about you communicating with friends you haven t seen in a long time. As you find out the expression catch up is to talk about the things that have been happening in your life, job, etc. Also as you learned the present perfect is more common than the present perfect continuous. 8

9 Bibliography McCarthy, Michael. Et al. (2008) Touchstone Full Contact 3.Cambridge University Press. Murphy, R., et al. (2009): Grammar in Use Intermediate Student's Book with answers. Cambridge University Press. Heacock, P. (2008): Cambridge Dictionary of American English. Cambridge University Press. Credits Content design: Lic. Adriana Bernardino Mosqueda Academic Coordinator: Lic. Jessica Patricia Garza Macías Content edition: Lic. Ann Elisabeth Mancillas Hinojosa, MAD Production and content editing: Tecnología Educativa Universidad Virtual, ITESM 9