Sen, Amartya. Las teorías del desarrollo a principios del siglo XXI, Cuadernos de Economía, v. XVII, n. 29, Bogotá, 1998, páginas?-?.

Transcripción

1 $% # $ $##!#! $ $ 2,79,$03 %42,/4/0 4: ,/4708 /08, , 03 48:2-7, 08 /0 8 4, ,207.,34 /0 08,774 4, :,/07348 /0.4342,, 7,/0.0, 4: :,:947,. 3 5,7, 5:-.,7 0890,79.: 4 $ /: ,2-480/ 947, 08 Resumen Sen, Amartya. Las teorías del desarrollo a principios del siglo XXI, Cuadernos de Economía, v. XVII, n. 29, Bogotá, 1998, páginas?-?. Este artículo revisa el estado actual de las teorías del desarrollo teniendo en cuenta la experiencia histórica y la evolución interna de la teoría desde finales de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aunque la comprensión del desarrollo ha mejorado, se han hecho generalizaciones indebidas y extraído lecciones infundadas. Sen rechaza la oposición entre Estado y mercado y entre planificación y rentabilidad, y pone de relieve las diferencias entre dos visiones ideales y extremas del desarrollo: la concepción BLAST, que lo considera como un proceso cruel, de sangre, sudor y lágrimas, y la concepción GALA, que lo considera amigable y cooperativo. Critica la idea de que la supresión de los derechos humanos y otros sacrificios son necesarios en las primeras etapas del desarrollo. Muestra que el concepto de capital humano es un avance teórico y práctico, pero aún insuficiente puesto que concibe al ser humano como mero instrumento y no como fin en sí mismo. Y propone una visión más profunda que acepte la importancia de la capacidad de la población para valorar, elegir y actuar libremente; así, combinando la acción del Estado, la función del mercado y el papel de las organizaciones comunitarias, el desarrollo debe proporcionar a toda la población las oportunidades necesarias para vivir dignamente y ejercer una plena libertad. Abstract Sen, Amartya. Development Theory at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century, Cuadernos de Economía, v. XVII, n. 29, Bogotá, 1998, pages?-?. This article reviews the current state of development theory taking into account the historical experience and internal evolution of the theory since the end of the Second World War. Although understanding of development has improved, undue generalizations have been made and unfounded lessons have been extracted. Sen rejects the opposition between state and market and between planning and profitability, and emphasizes the differences between two ideal and extreme visions of development: the BLAST concept, which he considers to be a cruel process of blood, sweat and tears, and the GALA concept, which he considers friendly and cooperative. He critiques the idea that the suppression of human rights and other sacrifices are necessary in the first stages of development. He demonstrates that the concept of human capital is a theoretical and practical advance, but still insufficient since it conceives of the human being as a mere instrument and not as an end in itself. He proposes a more profound vision which accepts the importance of the capability of the population to value, choose, and act freely; thus, combining the action of the state, the functioning of the market, and the role of community organizations, development should provide to the entire population the opportunities necessary to live with dignity and exercise full freedom.

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