The Present Tenses. The system of auxiliaries

Transcripción

1 1 The Present Tenses Present Continuous Developing action / Near Future Present Simple Routines / Facts Example is jumping lives in this house. Structure to be + verb+ing Concept is jumping now, in this moment. t is a continuous action. There is movement. Simple form of verb: live [Add s in he / she / it] always lives in this house. lives there every day. t am jumping. is jumping. t lives in this house. are jumping The system of auxiliaries The verb tenses sometimes need help and the auxiliaries are there to help them. Auxiliaries help verbs to say if the action is present, past or future; they help verbs to be negative or interrogative; sometimes they help verbs to have an extra emphasis or meaning. Example: is working. [ is tells us he is working in the present] Does he work? [ does tells us it s present and that it s a question] will work. [ will tells us he will work in the future] is not working. [ is not tells us it is negative] can work with me. [ can adds meaning. t is saying that it is possible for him to work with me.] Auxiliaries, then, are very busy. do all the work as good auxiliaries should. f verbs don t have an auxiliary [ work at home.], they need one to form the negative and interrogative. f they have one [ am working at home.], they use it to form the negative and the interrogative. Negatives and interrogatives is jumping. Auxiliary s she jumping? is not jumping. Verb lives in this house. [The Present Simple uses do / does as auxiliary] Does she live in this house? No, she does not No, she doesn t [contraction]

2 2 Present Continuous Acción en desarrollo/ Futuro cercano Present Simple Rutinas / verdades universales Ejemplo is jumping. Ella está saltando. lives in this house. Ella vive en esta casa. Estructura to be + verb+ing Verbo to be + verb+terminación ing Concepto is jumping now, in this moment. t is a continuous action. There is movement. Ella está saltando ahora, en este momento. Es una acción que continúa. Hay movimiento. am jumping. Yo estoy saltando. Tú estás saltando. El esta saltando. is jumping. Ella está saltando. t (--) está saltando. Nos. estamos saltando. Ustedes están saltando. Ellos están saltando. El sistema de auxiliares Los tiempos de verbos a veces necesitan ayuda y los auxiliares están ahí para ayudarlos. Los auxiliares le ayudan a los verbos a decir si la acción es presente, pasada o futura; les ayudan a los verbos a ser negativos o interrogativos; a veces les ayudan a dar un énfasis o significado extra. Ejemplos: is working. Él está trabajando.[ is nos dice que él está trabajando en el presente] Does he work? Trabaja él? [ does nos dice que es presente y que es pregunta] will work. Él trabajará. [ will nos dice que él trabajará en el futuro] is not working. Él no está trabajando. [ is not nos dice que es negativo] can work with me. Él puede trabajar conmigo. [ can agrega significado. Dice que es posible que él trabaje conmigo.] Entonces, los auxiliares están muy ocupados. Ellos hacen todo el trabajo como tendría que hacer un buen auxiliar. Si los verbos no tienen un auxiliar [ work at home.], necesitan uno para formar el negativo y el interrogativo. Si ya tienen uno [ am working at home.], lo usan para formar el negativo y el interrogativo. Negatives and interrogatives is jumping. [Ella está saltando.] s she jumping? Auxiliary Verb [invierto el orden de auxiliar y sujeto] More examples: is not jumping. [Š] [agrego Mr. Gram not Listen para hacer and el read negativo] Simple form of verb: live [Add s in he / she / it] Forma simple del verbo: live [agrega s en él/ella/lo] always lives in this house. lives there every day. Ella siempre vive en esta casa. Ella vive ahí todos los días. t Ella vive en esta casa. Tú vives en esta casa. Él vive en esta casa. lives in this house. Ella vive en esta casa. (--) Vive en esta casa. Nosotros vivimos en Ustedes viven en Ellos viven en lives in this house. [Ella vive en esta casa.] [El Present Simple usa do / does como auxiliar] Does she live in this house? [Vive ella en esta casa?] No, she does not No, she doesn t [contracción] No, ella no vive en esta casa.

3 3 Examples: Are you going to the party, Cloe? Sure. am going with Brenda. s Brenda helping with the organization? No, she isn t. Amber is helping Max. Oh, see. Do you like parties? do. But Brenda doesn t like parties very much. ll, see you at the party. See you. Some notes: Anthony and Cloe are talking about the near future. Today is Thursday and the party is on Saturday. are using the Present Continuous. Then Anthony asks Cloe about something general: Do you like parties? uses the Simple Present. Some words associated with the Present Continuous: now / at the moment / at present / currently / just / still. is currently working on a big project at the port. s just leaving. can call back at 7. m leaving a note to John with my cell number. re meeting at Café Orleans on dnesday at 3 pm. m still working on my article for The Post. Some words associated with the Present Simple: every day / every Monday / always / on Tuesdays / on Saturdays / usually / normally. normally have dinner at 9 pm. works in an office from Monday to Friday. always come to see us on Sundays. speak English, Spanish and Portuguese. Banks close at 3 pm. Algunos apuntes: Anthony y Cloe están hablando del futuro cercano. Hoy es jueves y la fiesta es el sábado. Están usando el Presente Continuo. Luego, Anthony le pregunta a Cloe algo en general: Te gustan las fiestas? Usa el Presente Simple. Algunas palabras asociadas al Presente Continuo: ahora / en este momento / en estos momentos / actualmente / justo / todavía. (Él*) está trabajando actualmente en un gran proyecto en el puerto. (Ella) justo está saliendo. La puedes llamar de vuelta a las 7. (Yo) le estoy dejando una nota a John con el número de mi celular. (Nosotros) nos reunimos en el Café Orleans el miércoles a las 3 de la tarde. (Yo) todavía estoy trabajando en mi artículo para The Post.

4 4 (*) Los pronombres están entre paréntesis porque en castellano los podemos obviar. No es necesario decirlos porque los verbos tienen terminaciones distintas para cada persona. En inglés son casi siempre iguales en todas las personas. Algunas palabras asociadas al Presente Simple: todos los días / todos los lunes / siempre / los martes / los sábados / usualmente / normalmente. Practice Normalmente cenamos a las 9 de la noche. Ella trabaja en una oficina de lunes a viernes. Ellos siempre vienen a vernos los domingos. Ellos hablan inglés, castellano y portugués. Los bancos cierran a las 3 de la tarde. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence and write it in the blank. Then check the answer box at the end. 1/8 is helping 1. Amber Max with the party on Saturday. helps are helping 2. Anthony is a surf trainer and... mostly with tourists. is working works are working 3. Anthony and Dave to the movie theater on the boat now. are going go going 4. The boat.. in the Atlantic Ocean. are sailing sails is sailing

5 a big party this Saturday. have is having are having 6... all the passengers on the boat to our big party on Saturday. m inviting invite having 7. Brenda. s very nice! m liking like don t like 8. Dave: My father. Brenda. s very nice! like likes have Answers 1. is helping 2. works 3. are going 4. is sailing 5. are having 6. m inviting 7. like 8. likes ll done! Now you know about Present Continuous and Present Simple. Bye for now!