Spanish 3 Unit 3 Review Sheet

Transcripción

1 Spanish 3 Unit 3 Review Sheet Do you remember how to form the Spanish preterit and imperfect? The following charts should refresh your memory. Preterit of Regular Ar Verbs Yo hablé Nosotros/as hablamos Tú hablaste El, ella, Ud. habló Ellos, ellas, Uds. hablaron Preterit of Regular Er & Ir Verbs Yo comí Nosotros/as comimos Tú comiste El, ella, Ud. comió Ellos, ellas, Uds. comieron *The following are irregular preterits conjugated in the 1 st person (yo): ir fui, dar di, ver vi, venir vine, ser fui, tener tuve, traer traje, andar anduve, hacer hice, decir dije, poner puse, poder pude Example: Decir (to say) Yo dije Nosotros/as dijimos Tú dijiste El, ella, Ud. dijo Ellos, ellas, Uds. dijeron Verbs that end in car, gar, and zar change in the yo form as follows: Empacar (to pack) Yo empaqué (the c changes to qu) Nosotros/as empacamos Tú empacaste El, ella, Ud. empacó Ellos, ellas, Uds. empacaron Rogar (to beg) Yo rogué (the g changes to gu) Nosotros/as rogamos Tú rogaste El, ella Ud. rogó Ellos, ellas, Uds. rogaron Empezar (to begin)

2 Yo empecé (the z changes to c) Nosotros/as empezamos Tú empezaste El, ella, Ud. empezó Ellos, ellas, Uds. empezaron Imperfect of Regular Ar Verbs Yo hablaba Nosotros hablábamos Tú hablabas El, ella, Ud. hablaba Ellos, ellas, Uds. hablaban Imperfect of Regular Er & Ir Verbs Yo comía Nosotros comíamos Tú comías El, ella, Ud. comía Ellos, ellas, Uds. comían The following are irregular imperfects: Ser, Ir and Ver Ser (to be) Yo era Nosotros/as éramos Tú eras El, ella, Ud. era Ellos, ellas, Uds. eran Ir (to go) Yo iba Nosotros/as íbamos Tú ibas El, ella, Ud. iba Ellos, ellas, Uds. iban Ver (to see) Yo veía Nosotros/as veíamos Tú veías El, ella, Ud. veía Ellos, ellas, Uds. veían Remember that the imperfect narrates or describes the past, while the preterit

3 moves the action via completed events. Refresh your memory by selecting the correct verb form from the parenthesis. Good luck! 1. A nosotros siempre nos (dolía, dolió) la cabeza. 2. Un día te (lavabas, lavaste) el pelo con el champú Esencias de Hierbas. 3. Mi hermana (hacía, hizo) ejercicio todos los días. 4. El otro día me (enfermaba, enfermé) y tuve una mala fiebre. 5. La clínica de cirugía plastica (estaba, estuvo) cerca de mi casa. Gustar As you ll recall, Spanish speakers have a different way of saying they like something. Instead of saying, "I like enchiladas," they say, "Enchiladas please me." "Me gustan las enchiladas." If you like an action such as doing aerobics, use the singular form of gustar. Write the correct form of gustar in the exercises that follow. 1. Me bañarme con el jabón Dial. 2. Te correr y levantar pesas. 3. A mi hermana le las radiografías. 4. A nosotros no nos la pasta dental Crest. 5. A mis amigas les mucho peinarse y afeitarse. Vocabulario Match the following Spanish words with their English definitions. 1. los dientes a. appointment 2. la cara b. prescription 3. el cabello c. heel 4. los párpados d. heart 5. el codo e. to take medicine 6. el muslo f. to do exercise 7. el tobillo g. elbow

4 8. la pantorrilla h. broken bone 9. el cerebro i. to have a fever 10. el corazón j. to take a shower 11. la receta k. to gain weight 12. tomar remedio l. thigh 13. la cita m. to cut one s fingernails 14. el hueso roto n. hair 15. tener fiebre o. face 16. cortarse las uñas p. calf 17. bañarse q. to lose weight 18. ducharse r. often 19. engordar s. perhaps 20. adelgazar t. sometimes 21. hacer ejercicio u. still 22. a menudo v. teeth 23. quizás w. to bathe 24. a veces x. eyelids 25. todavía y. brain Accent Rules Please review the following rules to fine tune your knowledge of Spanish accentuation. If a word ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), n, or s, then the natural stress falls on the next to last syllable and there is no written accent. The table below breaks down the word interesante. in te re SAN te third from last next to last last Some examples of this rule include: palabra, imposible, examen, estrellas, etc. All exceptions to this pattern must have a written accent mark. These are words that end in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), n, or s, and the stressed syllable is not the next to last. The following table analyzes the words Panamá and película, and shows why they need accent marks. pe Pa na MÁ LÍ cu la third from last next to last last

5 Some examples of this part of the rule include: mamá, aquí, menú, millón, inglés, etc. Words that end in a consonant (besides n or s) If a word ends in a consonant other than n or s, then the natural stress falls on the last syllable and there is no written accent. For example, consider the word felicidad: fe li ci DAD third from last next to last last Some examples of this rule include: regresar, mujer, caracol, reloj, ajedrez, etc. All exceptions to this pattern must have a written accent mark. These are words that end in a consonant other than n or s, and the stressed syllable is not the last one. For example, the word difícil, which requires a written accent: di FÍ cil third from last next to last last Some examples of this part of the rule include: Gómez, lápiz, fácil, imbécil, cárcel, etc. Three or more syllable words In any word of three syllables or more, if the natural spoken stress falls on any syllable other than the last or the next to the last, the vowel of that syllable must be marked with a written accent. For example, the word relámpago: re LÁM pa go third from last next to last last Question words Interrogative (question) words carry a written accent when they are used to ask a question. The following are some examples. Qué? What? Which? Quién(es)? Who?

6 Por qué? Why? A quién(es)? To whom? Para qué? What for? Con quién(es)? With whom? Qué tal? How? De quién(es)? Whose? Cuál(es)? Which one(s)? Dónde? Where? Cuánto/a? How much? Adónde? Where to? Cuántos/as? How many? De dónde? Where from? Cuándo? When? Cómo? How? Now try to correctly accentuate the following words. Good luck! 1. pais 2. examenes 3. encefalo 4. corazon 5. clinica 6. champu 7. despues 8. cirugia 9. estomago 10. parpados Capitalization Review the Spanish capitalization rules. You may just see these again on the exam.

7 The beginning of sentences. Example: Mi hermana es muy bonita. Capitalization Upper case letters are used with:

8 Proper nouns, but not with the adjectives derived from them. Examples: Argentina, la vida argentina Adjectives that are part of a proper name. Example: los Estados Unidos The definite article associated with a proper name. Example: El Cairo Titles of newspapers. Examples: El País, La Nación Points of the compass when they are used as part of a name. Example: América del Norte Months, seasons, and days of the week. Examples: julio, verano, viernes. Lower case letters are used with: Names of religions and their followers. Examples: el catolicismo, los católicos Official titles. Examples: el señor Velásquez, doña Graciela Book and film titles. Note that the first letter as well as included proper names are capitalized. Example: La vida de Rigoberta Menchú Tum The definite article associated with names of countries. Examples: la Argentina, la India Points of the compass. Examples: norte, sur, este, oeste Reflexive Pronouns and Verbs Let s now review reflexive pronouns and verbs. The purpose of reflexive object pronouns is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject. The following table shows the six reflexive pronouns in Spanish, along with their English equivalents in parentheses. me (myself) te (yourself [informal]) REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS nos (ourselves) os (yourselves [informal])

9 se (himself, herself, yourself [formal]) se (themselves, yourselves [formal]) Reflexive Verbs A reflexive verb is formed by adding a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os, se) before the conjugated verb or attached to the end of an infinitive verb, present participle, or affirmative command. The reflexive pronoun used agrees in person and number with the conjugated verb. The following table shows the conjugation of a common reflexive verb. me lavo (I wash myself) LAVARSE (to wash oneself) nos lavamos (we wash ourselves)

10 te lavas (you wash yourself) os laváis (you [plural] wash yourselves)

11 se lava (he washes himself) (she washes herself) (you [Ud.] wash yourself) se lavan (they wash themselves) (you [plural] wash yourselves) As you may have already noticed, reflexive verbs are used when speaking about one s daily routine of getting ready in the morning and going to bed at night. You ll see a list of daily routine verbs listed below. DAILY ROUTINE REFLEXIVE VERBS cepillarse vestirse (i,i) acostarse (ue) afeitarse arreglarse to brush oneself (teeth or hair) to get dressed to go to bed to take or have a shave to get dressed, ready bañarse to take or have a bath dormirse (ue,u) to fall asleep despertarse (ie) to wake up oneself ducharse to take a shower maquillarse lavarse levantarse peinarse ponerse sentarse (i) quitarse secarse to put make up on oneself to wash oneself to get up to comb one's hair to put on clothing to sit down to take off (clothing) to get dried off Now conjugate the following reflexive verbs according to the subject. 1. Yo (cortarse) las uñas cada semana. 2. Tú (ducharse) todos los días. 3. Nosotros (lavarse) los dientes cada noche. 4. Mis amigos (peinarse) demasiado. 5. Mi abuela no (afeitarse) las piernas. Las Experiencias de Ben Read the following paragraph and answer the comprehension questions about

12 our poor buddy Ben. You may respond in English.

13

14 Estoy aquí para ayudarlos a ponerse en forma para que lleguen a ser más fuertes, mental y físicamente el agregó. Por lo tanto, yo no aceptaré

15 excusas por una actuación débil o falta de esfuerzo. El ejercicio aeróbico es la mejor manera de aumentar su rendimiento y perder peso. Así que hoy vamos a correr tres millas. 1. Por qué necesitaba ponerse en forma Ben? 2. Cuál es la major forma de perder peso según el señor Finley? 3. Cuántas millas corrieron los estudiantes? Bolsa Read the following selection about Bolsa and answer the questions in English. BOLSA Está bien. Tienes un teléfono celular? SANCHO Me lo quitaron en la cárcel. BOLSA A mí también. Ya no hay teléfonos públicos por aquí. Todos tienen teléfonos celulares. Hablando con ellos y manejando como maníacos, nunca le ponen atención a la persona con la que están...protección contra la soledad...una niñera electrónica para para adultos Por qué no tiene Bolsa un teléfono celular? 2. Por qué no hay teléfonos públicos en la ciudad? 3. Qué es una ñinera electrónica?