Hemodialysis. How does hemodialysis work?
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- Ernesto Escobar Rodríguez
- hace 8 años
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1 Hemodialysis When your kidneys do not work well, dialysis is needed to remove extra fluid and waste products from the body. Hemodialysis is a type of dialysis that uses a machine with an artificial filter to remove wastes and extra fluids from the blood. This treatment also helps control the chemical balance in your body and helps control blood pressure. Each treatment takes about 4 hours and is done 3 times each week. How does hemodialysis work? A dialysis machine pumps small amounts of blood out of the body and through a filter called an artificial kidney or dialyzer. This kidney filters extra fluid and wastes from the blood. The blood is then pumped back into your body. Medicine will be given to you to prevent your blood from clotting. Fluid, called dialysate, is added to the dialysis machine to: Help filter out extra fluid and wastes that have built up Add chemicals that your body uses Dialyzer The dialysate is a mixture of water and chemicals that are present in your blood. This fluid can be adjusted, based on your lab values, to give you the best filtering with fewer side effects. For your safety, the machine has pumps, sensors, monitors and alarms to let the staff know if there is any problem. Dialyzer 1
2 Hemodiálisis Cuando sus riñones no funcionan bien, se necesita la diálisis para extraer el exceso de líquidos y los productos de desecho del cuerpo. La hemodiálisis es un tipo de diálisis que utiliza una máquina con un filtro artificial para extraer los desechos y el exceso de líquidos de la sangre. Este tratamiento también ayuda a controlar el equilibrio químico en su cuerpo y la presión arterial. Cada tratamiento dura alrededor de 4 horas y se realiza 3 veces a la semana. Cómo funciona la hemodiálisis? Una máquina de diálisis bombea pequeñas cantidades de sangre fuera del cuerpo que pasan a través de un filtro llamado riñón artificial o dializador. Este riñón filtra el exceso de líquidos y desechos de la sangre. Luego la sangre se bombea de regreso al cuerpo. Se le darán medicamentos para evitar que su sangre se coagule. A la máquina de diálisis se le agrega un líquido llamado solución dializadora, para: ayudar a filtrar el exceso de líquido y desechos que se ha acumulado; Dializador añadir sustancias químicas que su cuerpo utiliza. La solución dializadora es una mezcla de agua y sustancias químicas que están presentes en la sangre. Este líquido puede ajustarse, de acuerdo a sus valores de laboratorio, para proporcionarle el mejor filtrado con menos efectos secundarios. Para su protección personal, la máquina tiene bombas, sensores, monitores y alarmas para que el personal sepa si hay algún problema. Dializador Hemodialysis. Spanish. 1
3 Access Site For this treatment, there needs to be a site where the blood is taken out of the body and then returned to the blood stream. This is called an access. After the access is made and healed, 2 needles connected to tubing are inserted into the access. One needle draws a small volume of blood out and pumps it through to the dialysis machine and filter. After the blood is filtered, it is return to the body through the other needle. There are three main types of access sites: Fistula With minor surgery, an artery in the arm is joined to a vein under the skin. This increases the amount of blood that flows through the vein, and makes it bigger. This is the best access because it has fewer complications and lasts longer. Graft With minor surgery a soft plastic tube is used to join the artery and vein under the skin. This is done when a fistula is not the best method for your care. A graft needs at least 2 weeks to heal before it can be used for dialysis. A catheter There are two kinds of catheters, temporary and permanent. The temporary catheter is used for 1 to 2 weeks. This catheter is used until a more permanent access is placed. A permanent catheter is placed in the neck vein and tunneled under the skin. The catheter has a risk for infection and is used only until a fistula or graft can be placed. Both the fistula and graft need 2 to 6 weeks to heal and mature before they are able to be used. 2
4 Lugar de acceso Para este tratamiento, tiene que haber un sitio por donde la sangre se extraiga del cuerpo y luego se devuelva al torrente sanguíneo. Esto se llama un acceso. Después de que se haya realizado y cicatrizado el acceso, se insertan 2 agujas conectadas con los tubos en él. Una aguja extrae un pequeño volumen de sangre y la bombea a través de la máquina de diálisis y el filtro. Una vez que la sangre está filtrada, regresa al cuerpo a través de la otra aguja. Existen tres tipos principales de lugares de acceso: Fístula: Por medio de una cirugía menor, se une una arteria a una vena bajo la piel. Se realiza con mayor frecuencia en un brazo. Esto aumenta la cantidad de sangre que fluye a través de la vena, y la hace crecer. Este es el mejor acceso porque tiene menos complicaciones y dura más tiempo. Injerto: Por medio de una cirugía menor, se usa un tubo plástico blando para unir la arteria y la vena bajo la piel. Esto se hace cuando la fístula no es el mejor método para el tratamiento. El injerto necesita como mínimo 2 semanas para cicatrizar y poder ser utilizado para diálisis. Catéter: Existen dos tipos de catéteres, temporal y permanente. El catéter temporal se usa durante 1 a 2 semanas. Este catéter se usa hasta que se coloca un acceso más permanente. Un catéter permanente se coloca en la vena del cuello y pasa a través de un túnel bajo la piel. El catéter tiene un riesgo de infección y sólo se usa hasta que se pueda realizar una fístula o un injerto. La fístula y el injerto tardan de 2 a 6 semanas en cicatrizarse y estar listos antes de que se puedan utilizar. Hemodialysis. Spanish. 2
5 Side Effects of Hemodialysis During treatment you may: Feel tired and sleepy Feel dizzy Be cold Have muscle cramps Have nausea Let the staff know how you are feeling so that they can help you be more comfortable. After dialysis, it is normal to feel tired so plan to rest. Other Care You will feel changes in your body as the waste and fluids build up between treatments. Follow your diet and fluid restrictions to limit severe changes between treatments. The human kidney makes a hormone called erythropoietin. This hormone is needed to produce red blood cells and vitamin D. Without it, your body cannot absorb calcium from foods and your bones can become weak. Medicine can be given to help replace this hormone. The human kidney also helps control blood pressure and salt balance in your body. It is common to be on medicines to treat high blood pressure. Talk to the staff if you have any questions or concerns /2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. The Ohio State University Medical Center, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. 3
6 Efectos secundarios de la hemodiálisis Durante el tratamiento usted puede: sentirse cansado y somnoliento; sentirse mareado; sentir frío; tener calambres musculares; tener náuseas. Infórmele al personal cómo se está sintiendo para que puedan ayudarle a estar más cómodo. Es normal sentirse cansado después de la diálisis de modo que tenga en cuenta que deberá descansar. Otros cuidados Sentirá cambios en su cuerpo a medida que los desechos y líquidos se acumulan entre los tratamientos. Siga su dieta y restricciones de líquidos para evitar cambios graves entre tratamientos. El riñón humano produce una hormona llamada eritropoyetina, la que es necesaria para producir glóbulos rojos y vitamina D. Sin ella, el cuerpo no puede absorber el calcio de los alimentos y sus huesos se debilitan. Se le pueden dar medicamentos para ayudar a reemplazar esta hormona. El riñón humano también ayuda a controlar la presión arterial y el equilibrio de la sal en el cuerpo. Es común tener que tomar medicamentos para tratar la hipertensión arterial. Hable con el personal si tiene alguna pregunta o duda /2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. The Ohio State University Medical Center, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. Hemodialysis. Spanish. 3
Hemodialysis. How Does Hemodialysis Work?
Hemodialysis When your kidneys do not work well, dialysis is needed to remove extra fluid and waste products from the body. Hemodialysis is a type of dialysis that uses a machine with an artificial filter
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Diarrea. Causas. Diarrhea. Spanish. 1
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