Diabetes and Eye Problems
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- Ernesto Bustamante Sevilla
- hace 10 años
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Transcripción
1 Diabetes and Eye Problems If you have diabetes, you need to take care of your eyes because over time high blood sugar can damage your eyes. Many people with type 2 diabetes have high blood sugar for months or years before they are tested and found to have diabetes. Others get tested for diabetes because they have vision changes. Visit your eye doctor for a dilated eye exam each year, even if you have no eye problems. Your eye doctor can find problems early, before you have any signs. Early treatment may prevent more serious eye problems. Eye Problems Retinopathy: When the blood vessels in the back of the eye, called the retina, become damaged. Cataracts: When a film of skin grows over the lens in the eye. Glaucoma: When the pressure inside the eye gets too high and damages the optic nerve. Signs of Eye Problems Damage can occur to your eyes, but it may not cause vision changes for some time. If you have any of these signs, call your doctor to schedule an eye exam: 1
2 La diabetes y los problemas oculares Si tiene diabetes debe cuidar sus ojos, porque con el paso del tiempo el exceso de glucosa en la sangre puede dañarlos. Muchas personas con diabetes tipo 2 tienen un nivel alto de glucosa en la sangre durante meses o años antes de hacerse pruebas y detectar que tienen diabetes. Otras personas se hacen pruebas de diabetes porque tienen cambios en la visión. Parte trasera del ojo Retina Nervio óptico Retina vasos sanguíneos Lente Delante del ojo Visite a su oculista para hacerse un examen de pupila dilatada una vez por año, incluso si no tiene problemas en la vista. Su oculista puede detectar los problemas temprano, antes de que tenga signos. El tratamiento temprano puede impedir problemas más graves de la vista. Problemas de la vista Retinopatía: cuando los vasos sanguíneos en la parte trasera del ojo, llamada retina, son dañados. Cataratas: cuando crece una película de piel sobre el lente del ojo. Glaucoma: cuando la presión dentro del ojo es demasiado alta y daña el nervio óptico. Síntomas de problemas de la vista Sus ojos pueden estar dañados y usted no tener cambios en la visión por un tiempo. Si tiene alguno de estos signos, llame a su médico para que lo examine: Diabetes and Eye Problems. Spanish. 1
3 Loss of side (peripheral) vision Loss of central vision Blurry vision Seeing spots or floaters Eye pain or discomfort Hard to see at night or dim vision Double vision Problems with glare or light Why does diabetes cause eye problems? High blood sugar over time with diabetes can cause damage to blood vessels, including the small blood vessels in your eyes. If you also have high blood pressure, this can further damage the blood vessels. Keep your blood sugar and blood pressure as close to normal as you can to prevent eye problems. See your doctor to have your eyes checked each year so problems can be found early and treated. Testing Have an eye exam every year. Visit the eye doctor more often if you already have signs of eye problems. Treatment will depend on your needs. These tests may be done to check your eyes: Vision test: Your ability to read close up or at a distance is checked. Your light sensitivity and side vision, also called peripheral vision, may also be checked. Dilated eye test: A small amount of medicine is dropped into your eyes so your doctor can look at the back of your eyes. Eye pressure test: Medicine is used to numb the eyes and then your eyes pressure is checked. 2
4 Pérdida de la visión lateral (periférica) Pérdida de la visión central Visión borrosa Ver manchas o «cosas flotantes» Dolor o molestia en el ojo Dificultad para ver por la noche o visión reducida Visión doble Problemas con el reflejo o la luz Por qué la diabetes causa problemas en los ojos? Con el correr del tiempo, el alto contenido de glucosa en la sangre que hay con la diabetes puede dañar los vasos sanguíneos, lo cual incluye los pequeños vasos en sus ojos. Si también tiene presión arterial alta, esto puede dañar aún más los vasos sanguíneos. Mantenga su nivel de glucosa en sangre y su presión arterial lo más cerca del nivel normal que pueda para evitar tener problemas en la vista. Consulte con su médico para que le examine los ojos todos los años de modo de detectar y tratar los problemas a tiempo. Exámenes Hágase un examen ocular por año. Visite al oculista con más frecuencia si ya tiene síntomas de problemas en la vista. El tratamiento dependerá de sus necesidades. A continuación encontrará exámenes que puede hacerse para controlar sus ojos: Prueba de visión: se controla su capacidad para leer de cerca o a distancia. También se podrían controlar su sensibilidad a la luz y visión lateral, también conocida como periférica. Prueba de pupila dilatada: se le coloca una pequeña cantidad de un medicamento en los ojos para que el médico pueda ver la parte trasera de los mismos. Examen de presión ocular: se utiliza un medicamento para adormecer los ojos y luego se mide la presión ocular. Diabetes and Eye Problems. Spanish. 2
5 Retinal test: Pictures are taken of the inside of the eye to check the blood vessels of the retina and optic nerve. Treatment Treatment depends on the eye problem, but it could include eye drops, laser treatment or surgery. Managing Your Diabetes Manage your diabetes to prevent eye and other health problems. Work with your doctor, nurse and dietitian to learn more about living well with diabetes. Follow your meal plan and talk with a dietitian. Learn how to check and record your blood sugar levels, also called glucose levels. Know the signs for high and low blood sugar levels. Exercise for 30 minutes at least 3 times a week. Take insulin or other diabetes medicines as directed by your doctor, nurse or diabetes educator. Have plans in place if your blood sugar levels drop too low. Be sure you have family members or others around you who know how to help you if you are not able to help yourself. Avoid tobacco and alcohol, manage stress and get enough sleep. Check your blood pressure every few months. If you have high blood pressure called hypertension, take your blood pressure medicine as ordered by your doctor. You may also want to check your blood pressure with a home blood pressure monitor, so you know if your medicine is keeping your blood pressure controlled. 3
6 Examen de retina: se toman imágenes de la parte interior del ojo para ver cómo están los vasos sanguíneos de la retina y el nervio óptico. Tratamiento El tratamiento dependerá del problema de la vista, pero puede incluir gotas, tratamiento con láser o cirugía. Control de la diabetes Mantenga controlada la diabetes para prevenir los problemas en los ojos y otros problemas de salud. Trabaje con su médico, enfermera y dietista para aprender más sobre cómo vivir bien con diabetes. Siga su plan alimentario y hable con un dietista. Averigüe cómo medir y registrar sus niveles de azúcar en sangre, también llamados niveles de glucosa. Conozca los síntomas de los niveles altos y bajos de azúcar en sangre. Haga ejercicio durante 30 minutos al menos 3 veces por semana. Tome insulina u otros medicamentos para la diabetes según las instrucciones de su médico, enfermera o educador en diabetes. Tenga planes por si su nivel de azúcar en sangre baja demasiado. Asegúrese de que los miembros de su familia y otros alrededor suyo sepan cómo ayudarlo si no puede ayudarse a sí mismo. Evite el tabaco y el alcohol, controle el estrés y duerma lo suficiente. Mida su presión arterial después de algunos meses. Si tiene presión alta, conocida como hipertensión, tome sus medicamentos según las instrucciones de su médico. Tal vez también quiera controlar su presión arterial con un monitor de presión sanguínea en casa, para saber si sus medicamentos están manteniendo su presión arterial bajo control. Diabetes and Eye Problems. Spanish. 3
7 Talk to your doctor, nurse or diabetes educator if you have any questions or concerns. 1/2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. 4
8 Hable con su médico, enfermera o educador de diabetes si tiene alguna pregunta o duda. 1/2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. Diabetes and Eye Problems. Spanish. 4
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