Biomass as an energy source in Chile

Transcripción

1 2016 SWST International Conference Forest Resource and Products: Moving Toward a Sustainable Future Biomass as an energy source in Chile Alex Berg Cristina Segura Curitiba, Brazil March 6 10, 2016

2 Content 1. The Chilean energy matrix 2. Actual biofuels: Fire logs Residues from forest and industrial activities Pellets Other (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol) 3. Electricity from biomass: 4. Conclusions Steam turbines Wood gasification Wood pyrolysis ORC

3 Chilean primary energy matrix Source: Balance Nacional de Energía 2013, Ministerio de Energía (2014)

4 Actual biofuels Fire logs 77 PJ (77 x J) 6 Million t (Balance Nacional de Energía 2014)

5 Actual biofuels Residues from forest and industrial activities Industrial thermal uses 92 PJ (92 x J) 6 Million t (Balance Nacional de Energía 2014) Cogeneration 141 PJ (141 x J) 10 Million t (Balance Nacional de Energía 2014)

6 Actual biofuels Total forest biomass consumption for energy use Firelogs 6 Mill t Industrial thermal uses 6 Mill t Cogeneration 10 Mill t Total 22 Mill t (Balance Nacional de Energía 2014)

7 Actual biofuels Actual production capacity: Pellets Ecomas, Los Ángeles: ton/año Andes Biopellet, Los Ángeles: ton/año Biopower Coronel: 2 ton/h Forestal Flor del Lago, Villarrica: 1 ton/hora Powerpellets, Puerto Varas: 1,5 ton hora Maderas San Vicente Ltda., Punta Arenas: 1 ton/h Other very smale production plants: B&D, Concepción: 70 kg/h UDT, Coronel: 200 kg/h

8 Actual biofuels Other Bioethanol Bioenercel Biogas 15 plants with a total capacity: 28.6 MWe Sources: Matías Errazuriz, Felipe Kaiser, Pablo Bustos Cruchaga, Gonzalo Briones, Centro Energías Renovables, Ministerio de Energía. Biodiesel 3 plants with a total capacity of aprox. 40 m³/month Sources: Juan Carlos Moraga (FAME), Flavio Pardo (ECOPACTO)

9 Electricity from biomass Steam turbines Name of company Owner Installed capacity [MWe] Central Arauco Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. 24 Central Licantén Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. 6 Nueva Aldea III Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. 37 Laja Energía Verde S.A. 12 Constitución Energía Verde S.A. 11 Escuadrón (Ex Fpc) Eléctrica Nueva Energía S.A. 15 Masisa Masisa 11 SF Energía Bioenergías Forestales S.A. 98 Energía Pacífico Energía Pacífico S.A. 16 Bioenergía Lautaro COMASA S.A. 25 Central Viñales Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. 31 CMPC Laja Bioenergías Forestales S.A. 25 Energía Bío Bío Energía Bío Bío Limitada 8 Energía León (Coelemu) Energía León S.A. 7 Total 326

10 Electricity from biomass Wood gasification Gasification reactors Gas Cleaning Systems Updraft Operation problems: Acid condensates, PAHs Tars deposits (lines/turbocharger) Condensates in air lines NOx, CO, H 2 S emissions Tars/particulates blocking: Seals collapse Membrane breakdown Requirements: Tar < 100 mg/m 3 N PM <50 mg/m 3 N Alkali metals < 50 mg/m 3 N Ammonia < 55 mg/m 3 N

11 Electricity from biomass General Classification Cold gas cleaning Hot gas cleaning Wood gasification Specific Classification Dry Cleaning Wet Cleaning Thermal treatment Catalytic treatment Equipment Involved Cyclone, rotating particle separators, bag filters, ceramic filters, sand bed filters, absorbers, electrostatic precipitators etc. Spray towers, packed scrubbers, impigment scrubbers, wet electrostatic precipitators, wet cyclones, etc. Ceramic filter/candle filter Primary bed in the gasifier or secondary reformer/cracker Biochar as adsorbent/catalyst or catalyst support. Nanostructured catalytic carbon aerogels for tars and ammonia removal. Compact and efficient design for highly clean syngas stream.

12 Electricity from biomass Wood gasification Challenges Challenge 1 To develop an effective gas cleaning technology Challenge 2 To identify application fields Challenge 3 To implement the first comercial biomass gasification plant in Chile for electricity production

13 Electricity from biomass Biomass (0-30 % water) Wood pyrolysis / reforming 1. Carbonisation Synthesegas Synthesis gas Biochar Oil and water 2. Catalytic Reforming Semi-Mobile Thermo-Catalytic-Reforming (TCR ) unit Project: Semi-Mobile Bioenergy from Agricultural and Forest Residues in Chile and Beyond (SeMoBioEnergy) Source: Daschner, R.: Semi-mobile biomass conversion with TCR -technology. Sustainable use of Biomass in Chile Workshop, Biorefineries Congress, Concepción, November 25, 2015.

14 Electricity from biomass Wood pyrolysis / reforming Challenges Challenge 1 To establish mass and energy balances Challenge 2 To run a motor with bio oil in long running tests Challenge 3 To implement a comercial biomass pyrolysis plant in Chile

15 Electricity from biomass Function and technical data ORC POWER GENERATION WASTE HEAT USEFUL HEAT TECHNICAL DATA Electrical output 40 1,000 kw Usable temperature level C Usable heating energy 200 6,500 kw th Useful heat provision Up to 90 C Simple system integration pre-tested compact modules Source: Dürr Cyplan Ltd.: ORC-Technology, power generation by waste heat and energetic residuals

16 Electricity from biomass Economics for various preconditions ORC Synthesegas Source: Dürr Cyplan Ltd.: ORC-Technology, power generation by waste heat and energetic residuals

17 Electricity from biomass ORC Challenges Challenge 1 To evaluate the best application areas Challenge 2 To implement the first ORC plant in Chile Challenge 3 To propose a industrial application plan of ORC technology in Chile

18 Outlook Forest biomass is an important primary energy source in Chile. Most of the energy is used for thermal energy production, for residential and industrial needs. 15 cogeneration plants based on the traditional Rankine Cycle are installed in Chile, with a total capacity of 326 MW e. Plants with smaller capacities (0,5 2 MW e ), based on ORC technology or motors driven by wood gases / bio oil, have a good chance to penetrate into the local market. The future of bioenergy is uncertain worldwide, including countries like Chile, in which a wide availability of residual biomass exists. An effective use of raw materials in integrated biorefineries and intelligent logistic solutions can help to improve economic performance.

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20 Alex Berg Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico Universidad de Concepción Thank you!