UNIDAD: 11.- LOS ANIMALES.

Transcripción

1 UNIDAD: 11.- LOS ANIMALES. CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS ANIMALES. Características generales: Son seres pluricelulares, con células eucariotas. Funciones vitales: - Nutrición: La alimentación es heterótrofas. Como son muy activos, necesitan mucha energía, por tanto tiene que tener aparatos y sistemas muy efectivos. Estos aparatos son: aparato digestivo, aparato circulatorio, aparato respiratorio y aparato excretor. - Relación: Los animales se mueven, cazan, se defienden, etc. Para ello necesitan relacionarse bien con el medio. Tienen los órganos de los sentidos, el sistema nervioso y el sistema locomotor muy bien desarrollados. - Reproducción: Tienen reproducción sexual, aunque algunos animales muy simples también se pueden reproducir asexualmente. Sexos: Son normalmente machos o hembras, pero hay algunos que son hermafroditas, estos animales se pueden fecundar mutuamente. La fecundación: Puede ser interna (los óvulos son fecundados dentro del aparato reproductor femenino) o externa (los óvulos son fecundados fuera del aparato reproductor femenino). El desarrollo embrionario: Puede ser vivíparos (se desarrollan en el útero materno), ovíparos (se desarrollan dentro del huevo) o ovovivíparos (se desarrollan en un huevo, pero se incuban dentro del cuerpo de la madre). Clasificación de los animales: Los animales se clasifican en: vertebrados e invertebrados. ANIMALES INVERTEBRADOS. Dónde Tipo de viven? reproducción Características generales Ejemplos PORÍFEROS CNIDARIOS PLATELMINTOS (gusanos planos) NEMATODOS (gusanos cilíndricos) ANÉLIDOS MOLUSCOS ARTRÓPODOS (1) Son acuáticos. Viven fijos en el fondo Son acuáticos. Parásitos en el intestino Aguas y sitios húmedos, y en el intestino. Acuáticos o terrestres Acuáticos o terrestres Acuáticos o terrestres EQUINODERMOS Marinos - Tienen poros conectados con la cavidad central. - No tienen verdaderos tejidos - Tienen un armazón que los mantiene erguidos. - Viven fijos o nadan libremente - La boca está rodeada de tentáculos. - Tienen verdaderos tejidos, pero no órganos especializados. - Son sensibles al contacto y puede contraerse y moverse. - Tienen células venenosas. - Tienen órganos sencillos, pero carecen de aparatos - Cuerpo aplanado - Tienen órganos sencillos, pero carecen de aparatos - Cuerpo cilíndrico - Tienen tubo digestivo con boca y ano - Forma de gusanos - Su cuerpo está dividido en anillos - Cabeza bien definida con boca y tentáculos - Tienen ojos rudimentarios y mandíbulas en algunos casos - Tienen órganos que forman aparatos especializados - Órganos y sistemas desarrollados - La mayoría tiene cabeza y pie - Tienen concha, aunque algunos tienen una pequeña pluma interna - Cuerpo dividido en segmento - Pueden tener patas, alas, antenas, etc. - tiene caparazón duro articulado (exoesqueleto) - Mudan para crecer - Tienen aparatos especializados - Tienen órganos sensoriales muy precisos - Tienen respiración branquial o traqueal - Sufren metamorfosis - Cuerpo redondeado o estrellado - tienen caparazón espinoso - Aparatos y sistemas desarrollados - Tentáculos para moverse (pies ambulacrales) (1) Los grupos más importantes de artrópodos son: arácnidos, crustáceos, miriápodos e insectos Las esponjas Medusas, corales, actinias, etc. Tenia o solitaria Lombrices intestinales Lombriz de tierra, sanguijuela, etc. Caracol, almeja, pulpo, etc. Gambas, cangrejos, arañas, insectos, etc. Estrellas de mar, erizos de mar, etc.

2 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS VERTEBRADOS. - Características generales: Son seres pluricelulares, con células eucariotas, aparatos bien desarrollados y reproducción sexual. Tienen esqueleto interno con columna vertebral y cráneo. Tienen cabeza, tronco y extremidades. ANIMALES VERTEBRADOS. PECES ANFIBIOS REPTILES AVES MAMÍFEROS Dónde viven? Son acuáticos. Desarrollo embrionario Ovíparos (con fecundación interna) Extremidades Son Ovíparos (con terrestres o 4 patas (con metamorfosis y membrana acuáticos. fecundación interdigital) externa) Son terrestres. Son terrestres voladores Son terrestres (algunos acuáticos o voladores) Ovíparos (con fecundación interna) Ovíparos (con fecundación interna) Vivíparos (con fecundación interna) Piel Respiración aletas Escamas Branquias 4 patas (algunos sin patas) 2 alas y 2 patas Muy fina Escamas corneas Plumas - Pulmones - Branquias - Cutánea Pulmones Pulmones 4 patas Pelos pulmones Temp. corporal Sangre fría (poiquilotermos) Sangre fría (poiquilotermos) Sangre fría (poiquilotermos) Sangre caliente (homeotermos) Sangre caliente (homeotermos) Otras características -Forma hidrodinámica -Potente musculatura -Cabeza sin cuello -Ojos con párpados -Boca con mandíbulas y dientes -orificio para el oído -Cabeza con cuello -Ojos y fosas nasales -orificio para el oído - Boca con mandíbulas y dientes -Huesos ligeros -Pueden tener garras -Cuello flexible -Ojos con parpados y fosas nasales -orificio para el oído -Pico córneo -Cabeza con cuello muy móvil -Ojos con párpados -con orejas - Mandíbula con dientes especializados. -Las crías maman leche de sus madres Ejemplos Besugo, tiburón, etc. Rana, salamandra, tritones, etc. Cocodrilos, tortugas, serpientes, etc. Golondrina, águila, etc. Gato, perro, jirafa, león, ser humano, etc.

3 NAME: DATE: 1º ESO (Bilingual) UNIT: 11.- ANIMALS. ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS. General characteristics: They are multi-cellular beings, with eukaryotic cells. Vital functions: - Nutrition: The feeding is heterotrophic. As they are very active, they need a lot of energy, therefore they have apparatuses and very effective systems, these apparatuses are: digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system and excretory system. - Relationship: Animals move, hunt, defend themselves, etc. For this, they need to be well adapted with the environment. They have their sensory organs, nervous system and locomotive system very well developed - Reproduction: They have sexual reproduction, although some very simple animals can also reproduce asexually. Sexes: They are normally male or female, but there are some animals that are hermaphrodite, these animals can perform mutually fertilize one another. Fertilization: Can be internal (the eggs are fertilized within the female reproductive system) or external (the eggs are fertilized outside of the female reproductive system). Embryonic development: It can be viviparous (they are developed in the maternal uterus), oviparous (they are developed inside the egg) or ovoviviparous (they are developed in an egg, but they are incubated inside the mother's body) Classification of animals: Animals are classified into: vertebrates and invertebrates. 1.- Copy the information about vital functions : 2.- Translate these words: Multi-cellular beings: Oviparous: Prokaryote: Embryonic development: Fecundation: Vital functions: 3.- How are the animals classified? 4.- What are the different types of fertilization?: 5.- What are the different ways that animals reproduce?

4 6.- Complete: Relationship:, hunt, defend, etc. For this, they need well. They have, and very well. 7.- Write a T if the phrase is true and a F if the phrase is false a) Animals need a lot of energy. b) Animals don t have apparatuses and very effective systems. c) Some very simple animals can reproduce asexually. d) Hermaphrodite animals can undergo metamorphosis. e) Fertilization can be internal or external. f) Animals can be viviparous, oviparous or ovoviviparous. g) Animals are classified into: invertebrates and vertebrates. 8.- What are the possible sexes of animals? 9.- Label each picture: viviparous, oviparous or ovoviviparous Write a brief summary of three vital functions

5 NAME: DATE: 1º ESO (Bilingual) INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS. PORIFERA CNIDARIANS PLATYHEL- MINTHES ( plane worms) NEMATODES (cylindrical worms) ANNELIDS MOLLUSCS ARTHROPODS (1) Where do they live? Aquatics. They live fixed on the bottom of the sea Aquatics. Parasites in the intestine Water and humid places, and in the intestine Aquatic or terrestrial Aquatic or terrestrial Aquatic or terrestrial ECHINODERMS Marines Type of reproduction 1.- Copy the general characteristics of arthropods in the box: General characteristics - They have connected pores with the central cavity. - They do not have true tissues. - They have a frame that maintains them erect. - They live fixed or they swim freely. - The mouth is surrounded by tentacles. - They have true tissues, but not specialized organs. - They are sensitive to touch and can contract and move - They have poisonous cells. - They have simple organs, but they lack apparatuses - Body smoothed. - They have simple organs, but they lack apparatuses. - Cylindrical body. - They have alimentary canal with mouth and anus - Form of worms. - Their body is divided into rings. - Very defined head with mouth and tentacles. - They have rudimentary eyes and jaws in some cases. - They have organs that form specialized apparatuses. - Organs and developed systems. - Most has head and "foot" - They have shell, although some have a small internal eathers. - Body divided into segments. - They can have legs, wings, antennas, etc. - They have an articulate hard shell (exoskeleton ). - They shed to grow. - They have specialized apparatuses. - They have very precise sensory organs. - They have branchial or tracheal breathing. - They suffer metamorphosis. - Rounded or starry body. - They have thorny shell. - Apparatuses and developed systems. - Tentacles to move (ambulacral feet) (1) The most important groups of arthropods are: arachnids, crustaceaus, millipodes and insects Examples The sponges Jellyfishes, corals, actinias, etc. Taenia or solitary Roundworms Earth worm, leech, etc. Snail, clam, octopus, etc. Shrimps, crabs, spiders, insects, etc Starfish, sea urchins, etc 2.- Translate: Starry body: Branchial. Breathing: Wings: Tentacles: Tracheal breathing: Mouth and anus: Metamorphosis: Poisonous cells: Tentacles: 3.- Write down the groups of animals with asexual reproduction: 4.- Write down the groups of animals that only reproduce by the sexual mode:

6 5.- Write down below each picture the word that corresponds (PORIFERA, CNIDARIAN, PLATYHELMINTHE, NEMATODE, ANNELID, MOLLUSC, ARTHROPOD, ECHINODERM,) 6.- Match with arrows: PORIFERA CNIDARIAN PLATYHELMINTHE NEMATODE 7.- Match with arrows: ANNELID MOLLUSC ARTHROPOD ECHINODERM 8.- Which are the most important groups of arthropods?: 9.- Which group of animal is: a) It is an animal: aquatic, sexual or asexual; and does not have true tissues. b) It is an animal: aquatic or terrestrial, sexual; and has organs and a developed system Which group of animal is: a) It is an animal: aquatic, sexual or asexual; and has apparatuses and a developed system. b) It is an animal: aquatic or terrestrial, sexual or asexual; and their body is divided into rings.

7 NAME: DATE: 1º ESO (Bilingual) CHARACTERISTICS OF VERTEBRATES. General characteristics: They are multi-cellular beings, with eukaryotic cells, well-developed apparatuses and sexual reproduction. They have an internal skeleton with a spine and a skull. They have a head, trunk and extremities. 1.- Copy this information: 2.- Translate these words: reproduction: Multi-cellular beings: Skeleton: Trunk: skull: Vertebrates: 3.- Write the general characteristic of vertebrates. 4.- Complete: General characteristics: They are, with cells. Apparatuses and reproduction. They have internal with and. They have, and. 5.- Write a T if the phrase is true and a F if the phrase is false a) Vertebrates are unicellular beings, with eukaryotic cells. b) Vertebrates have sexual reproduction. c) Vertebrates have an internal skeleton. d) Vertebrates have a head, trunk and extremities. e) Notochord is a rigid and flexible cord. 6.- Match these columns with arrows: Invertebrates Vertebrates They are multi-cellular beings They have sexual reproduction They have vertebras. They don t have vertebrae They have a skeleton They have a skull They have well-developed apparatuses They have eukaryotic cells

8 7.- Match these columns with arrows: Vertebrate Invertebrate 8.- What is the main characteristic of vertebrates? 9.- a) Are there any unicellular vertebrate?: b) Are there any vertebrate without a skull? 10.- Underline the most correct phrase: unicellular being a) Vertebrates are multi-cellular being can be unicellular or multi-cellular eukaryotic cells b) Vertebrates have prokaryotic cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells non-developed apparatuses c) Vertebrates have a little developed apparatuses Well-developed apparatuses internal skeleton with spine d) Vertebrates have internal skeleton with skull internal skeleton spine and skull head e) Vertebrates have head and extremities extremities, trunk and head

9 NAME: DATE: 1º ESO (Bilingual) VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. FISH AMPHIBIANS Where do they live? Aquatic. REPTILES Terrestrial BIRDS MAMMALS Embryonic develop Oviparous (with internal fertilization) Oviparous Aquatic or (with 4 legs (with terrestrial. metamorphosis interdigital and external membrane) fertilization) Oviparous (with internal fertilization) Are Oviparous terrestrial (with internal flyers fertilization) Terrestrial (some aquatic ones or flyers) Viviparous (with internal fertilization) Skin Fins Scale Gills 4 legs (some without legs) 2 wings and 2 legs Very fine Horny scale Breathing - Lungs - Gills - Cutaneous Lungs Feathers Lungs 4 paws Hair Lungs 1.- Copy all characteristics of mammals in the box: Temp. bodily Extremities Coldblooded (poikilotherms) Coldblooded (poikilotherms) Coldblooded (poikilotherms) Warmblooded (homoio -therms) Warmblooded (homoio -therms) Other characterístics - Hydrodynamic forms - Potent musculature - Head without neck - Eyes with lids - Mouth with jaws and teeth - Hole for hearing - Head with neck - Eyes and nasal cavities - Hole for hearing - Mouth with jaws and teeth - Light bones - They can have claws - Flexible neck - Eyes with lids and nasal cavitiess - Hole for hearing - Horny beak - Head with very mobile neck - Eyes with lids - Ears for hearing - Jaw with specialized teeth - The babies suckle their mothers milk Examples Sea bream, shark, etc. Frog, salamander, newts, etc. Crocodiles, turtles, snakes, etc. Swallow, eagle, etc. Cat, dog, giraffe, lion, human being, etc. 2.- Translate these words: Viviparous: Hot blood: Scale: Oviparous: Cold blood: Gills: Wings: Lungs: Paw: Skin: Fins: Feathers: 3.- What are the general characteristics of birds?:

10 4.- What are the general characteristic of this animal? What kind of animal is it? 5.- What are the general characteristic of this animal? What kind of animal is it? 6.- Complete: a) : Are terrestrial, oviparous with wings. b) : Are homoiotherms, have lungs and hair. c) : Are poikilotherms, have gills and fins. d) : Are oviparous, are cold-blooded and have very thin skin. e) : Are terrestrial, viviparous and have eyes with lids. f) : Are homoiotherms, have lungs and feathers. g) : Are oviparous, have 4 paws, poikilotherms and horny scales. h) : Have 4 paws, internal fecundation. 7.- a) Write five fish:,,,,. b) Write five amphibians:,,,,. c) Write five reptiles:,,,,. 8.- a)write five birds:,,,,. b)write one flyer mammal: c) Write two aquatic mammals:,

11 9.- Write fifteen mammals: 10.- Label each picture with the corresponding word (FISH, AMPHIBIAN, REPTILE, BIRD, MAMMAL )