A new species of Asplenium L. (Filicales: Aspleniaceae) from the neotropics.

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1 Métodos en Ecología y Sistemática Vol. 10(1): 109 A new species of Asplenium L. (Filicales: Aspleniaceae) from the neotropics. ALEXANDER FRANCISCO ROJAS-ALVARADO 1. 1 Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Apdo , Heredia, Costa Rica, CA. Correspondence: alfrojasa@yahoo.com RESUMEN: En este artículo se describe e ilustra una especie nueva de Asplenium L., la cual se asemeja a A. cirrhatum Rich. ex Willd. por su ápice cirrado y por sus pinnas lanceolado-deltadas, pero difiere por pinnas lobuladas a pinnatífidas con el ápice obtuso a anchamente agudo. También puede parecerse a A. radicans L. por las pinnas incisas, pero la especie nueva tiene pinnas más pequeñas y menos incisas, segmentos lobulados o dentados, además de presentar un tamaño relativamente inferior. PALABRAS CLAVE: Asplenium cirrhatum, Asplenium radicans, Asplenium lobulopartitum. ABSTRACT: In this paper a new species of Asplenium L. is described and illustrated, it is similar to A. cirrhatum Rich. ex Willd. Because has flagelliform apex and lanceolate-deltate pinnae, but differs in lobulate to pinnatifid pinnae with obtuse to broadly acute apex. Also is similar to A. radicans L. because has incised pinnae, but the new species has smaller pinnae and less incised, lobulated to dentate segments, additionally has relatively smaller size. KEY WORDS: Asplenium cirrhatum, Asplenium radicans, Asplenium lobulopartitum. INTRODUCTION Asplenium L. is characterized by usually clathrate rhizome scales, stipes containing two vascular bundles basally that are fused in x form distally and sori elongate to linear with indusium (Moran, 2011). Asplenium is different from the similar genus Diplazium Sw. by (vs ) cells in the annulus of sporangia, one (vs. 2 or 3) rows of cells in the stalk of the sporangium and vascular bundles in X-shaped (vs. two separate and elliptic strands) in the distal part of the stipe (Moran, 2011). Many segregated genera of Asplenium have been proposed, such has Camptosorus, Ceterach, Diellia, Holodictyum, Loxoscaphe, Phyllitis, Pleurosorus, Schaffneria and Thamnopteris, but the recognition of these taxa results in a paraphyletic Asplenium (although some segregate have not yet been included in cladistics analyses) (Schneider et al. 2004). Hymenasplenium is an exception because it appear to sister to the rest of Asplenium (Murakami, 1995; Schneider et al., 2004), however, Murakami & Moran (1993) and Moran (2011) used this taxon as a section in Asplenium. Asplenium cirrhatum Rich. ex Willd. is part of a related group of species with castaneous to atropurpureous, lustrous stipes and long, flagelliform, proliferous blade apices. This complex includes taxa that are progressively more divided, in México and Central America this group beginning with 1-pinnate fronds from A. cirrhatum and A. yelagagense, 1-pinnatepinnatisect in A. radicans L., 2-pinnate to 2- pinnate pinnatifid in A. flabellulatum Kunze and fully 3-pinnate in A. uniseriale Raddi. Finally, the group need of modern biosystematic work (Mickel & Smith, 2004). In the 1-pinnate fronds

2 Métodos en Ecología y Sistemática Vol. 10(1): 110 group Mickel (1984) recognized to A. acutiserratum (Hieron.) Mickel and A. longicaudatum Mickel & Stolze. MATERIALS AND METHODS The new species is described based in the studies of Costa Rican ferns flora and revised specimens of Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica (CR), Herbario de la Universidad de Costa Rica (USJ), Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) and US National Herbarium (US). RESULTS Asplenium lobulopartitum A. Rojas, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). TYPE: COSTA RICA. Cartago: Paraíso, Orosi, Estación Biológica Río Macho, sendero de la cascada y carril de límites del ICE, 9º45'52"N, 83º52'02"W, m, 15 oct 2014, A. Rojas (holotype; CR; isotypes: K, MO, USJ). Diagnosis: The new species is different from A. cirrhatum Rich. ex Willd. because has lobulated to pinnatifid pinnae with obtuse to broadly acute apex and from A. radicans L. because has smaller pinnae and less incised, lobulated to dentate segments, additionally has relatively smaller size. Terrestrial; rhizome 2-4 mm in diameter, erect or curved-ascending; rhizome scales 2-4 x mm, linear to linear-deltate, clathrate, brown, marginally entire to lobulated distally, apically acuminate; fronds cm, openly fasciculate, monomorphic; stipe (3.5-) 5-11 cm x mm, subterete, flatted to slightly canaliculated adaxially, atropurpureous to black, lustrous, brittle while vascular fibers; blade x cm, 1-pinnate-lobulate to 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate, slightly reduced to the base, gradually attenuate to apex, ending in a cirrus sometimes with a bud; rachis proximally subterete, distally with a narrow margin or a wing confluent with a pinnae bases, rounded abaxially, lustrous, glabrous, brown to blackish, expanded 4-12 cm in a cirrus narrowly winged, with a scaly terminal bud; pinnae (0.5-) x (0.5-) cm, pairs, inframedial or medial pinnae bigger, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, slightly ascending, chartaceous, slightly bicolorous and darker adaxially, pediculate mm to sessile distally, basal basiscopic side excavate, basal acroscopic side developing an auricle to 5 mm long and sometimes more incised that the other ones, being separated by a narrow sinus, the rest of the pinna incised 1/3 a 2/3 of its length, apically broadly acute to obtuse; costa prominently adaxially in at least the proximal half; veins single to one-forked, to pinnate in the basal acroscopic lobe, ending in linearclaviform hydathodes; sori (1.5-) 2-5 mm, (1-) 3-8 pairs per pinna, erect, medial, never diplazioid, the margin regularly entire; indusium mm broad, yellowish to brown, entire to erose. Distribution: Known from Costa Rica, Panama?, Colombia and Venezuela at m. Additional revised specimens: COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Vicinity of Vara Blanca, N slope of Central Cordillera, between Poás and Barva volcanoes, 1490 m, Mar 1938, A. Skutch 3691 (MO, US). Cartago: Paraíso, Orosi, Nacional Tapantí, Sendero Árboles Caídos, en la primera mitad del circuito entrando frente al Sendero Oropéndula, 9 46'00"N, 83 47'20"W, m, 28 ene 2008, A. Rojas et al (CR, USJ); Paraíso, Orosi, Estación Biológica Río Macho, sendero de la Cascada, 9 45'52"N, 83 52'02"W, m, 6 set 2013, A. Rojas & A. Brenes (CR, MO, USJ). Guanacaste: Liberia, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, entrando por el potrero del Río

3 Métodos en Ecología y Sistemática Vol. 10(1): 111 Góngora y hacia La Montura, 10 56'00"N, 85 27'20"W, m, 16 Aug 2007, A. Rojas & G. Araya 7952 (CR, MO, USJ); Liberia, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, camino al Volcán Cacao, hacia la vertiente Caribe, 10 56'00"N, 85 27'20"W, m, 12 Aug 2007, A. Rojas et al (CR, INB, K, MO, NY, US, USJ). Limón: Limón, Reserva Indígena Chirripó, Fila Matama, Almirante, 9 46'15"N, 83 20'15"W, m, 10 ago 1995, A. Rojas et al (CR, INB, MO, USJ). San José: Vázquez de Coronado, Cerro Zurquí, 1900 m, 4 abr 1973, L. Gómez 3519 (CR). COLOMBIA. Meta: Río Manzanares Valley, 12 km W of La Esperanza, 34 km W of Villavicencio, 1300 m, 28 Aug 1944, M. Grant 9992 (CR, US). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Cerro Neblina, camp 7, S slopes of Cañón Grande, along new path to river and along river, 0 55'N, 66 0'W, ca m, 30 nov 1984, T. Croat (MO). Etymology: The specific epithet make reference to it blade incised in lobes or segments. DISCUSSION Asplenium lobulopartitum differs from A. cirrhatum because it has 1-pinnate-lobulate to 1-pinnate pinnatifid (vs.1-pinnate) blade with pinna incised 1/3 a 2/3 of its length (vs. marginally entire to serrate), pinna with obtuse to broadly acute apex (vs. acute to acuminate) and terrestrial habitat (vs. principally epiphytic). The new species differs from Asplenium radicans by its relative smaller blade (12-32 x cm (13.9-) x (6-) cm), smaller pinnae ((0.5-) x (0.5-) cm vs. (1.5-) x (0.8-) cm and less incised (only the acroscopic basal segment separate by a narrow sinus vs pairs of entire lobes), lobulated to dentate segments (entire with obtuse apex) and pinnae apex obtuse to broadly acute (vs. long acute to acuminate). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work has been possible thanks to Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA) and Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC). I thanks the following herbaria that loaned specimens (CR, MO, US and USJ), specially to Armando Estrada (CR curator) and Carlos Morales (USJ excurator), for solicited the loans for this project; to Christian Herrera Martínez for the excellent illustrations; and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. REFERENCES Mickel JT New Tropical American Ferns. American Fern Journal 74 (4): Mickel JT, Smith AR The pteridophytes of Mexico. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 88: Moran RC Géneros Neotropicales de Helechos y Licofitas. Organización para Estudios Tropicales. Mimeographed. 407 p. Murakami N Systematics and evolutionary biology of the fern genus Hymenasplenium (Aspleniaceae). Journal of Plant Research 108: Murakami N, Moran RC Monograph of the Neotropical Species of Asplenium Sect. Hymenasplenium (Aspleniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80: Schneider H, Russell SJ, Cox CJ, Bakker F, Henderson S, Rumsey F, Barrett J,5 Gibby M, Vogel JC Chloroplast Phylogeny of Asplenioid Ferns based on rbcl and trnl-f Spacer Sequences (Polypodiidae, Aspleniaceae) and its Implications for Biogeography. Systematic Botany 29(2):

4 Métodos en Ecología y Sistemática Vol. 10(1): 112 Recibido: 06 Febrero, 2015 Revisado: 08 Marzo, 2015 Aceptado: 30 Abril, 2015

5 Métodos en Ecología y Sistemática Vol. 10(1): 113 Figure 1. A-C. Asplenium lobulopartitum (A. Rojas 10777, CR). A. General aspect of type specimen. B. Rhizome scale. C. Abaxial blade detail.