Acumuladores Hidraulicos

Transcripción

1 Acumuladores Hidraulicos Accumulator & Cooler Division Agenda Introduccion Informacion de la Compania Definicion de Acumulador Tipos de Acumuladores Funciones Aplicaciones Dimensionamiento Productos innovadores Herramientas THE COMPANY Datos Clave de Parker Lider Global en Control de Movimiento (NYSE:PH) Parker s Win Strategy Plataformas Tecnologicas Claves Aerospace Refrigeration Electromechanical $13.1 mil millones de Ventas 861,000 Productos Vendidos 468,000 Clientes 52,000 Empleados 13,000 Distribuidores 1,100 Mercados 142 Divisiones 46 Paises Filtration Fluid Handling Hydraulics Pneumatics Process Control Sealing & Shielding Estructura Operativa Aerospace Fluid Connectors Hydraulics Automation Experiencia Tecnologica Oleohidraulica El lider mundial en mejorar la performance de maquinaria con solucion de sistemas. Climate & Industrial Controls Seal Filtration Instrumentation THE HYDRAULICS GROUP Mercados Clave Aerospacio Agricultura Forestal Gruas Generacion electrica Hidraulica de camiones Maquinaria de construccion Maquinaria indusrtial Mineria Petroleo & gas 1

2 Familias de Producto Valvulas & Electronica Direccional Cartucho Proporcional Electronica & Controles Familias de Producto Bombas & Motores Bombas & Motores Fijas & Variables Multiples Tecnologias Pistones Axiales Pistones Eje Inclinado Engranajes Paletas Gerotor Pistones Radiales Toma Fuerzas Familias de Producto Actuadores & Acumuladores De tirantes Soldado Acumuladores Vejiga/ Piston / Diafragma Actuadores Rotativos Sensado de posicion Hellaby, UK Paris Tianjin, Shanghai, China Osaka, Japan Piston Crimped Piston Bladder Diaphragm Focus... Machesney Park, IL, USA Novi Mumbai, India Safety Blocks Gas Bottles Santa Fe Springs, CA, Cachoeirinha, Brazil PERFORMANCE UNDER PRESSURE Castle Hill, Australia SurgeKushons Engineered Solutions COOLERS Stainless Steel Reservoir Isolation Inline Pulse- Tone Bladder Piston Diaphragm Module World #1 in bladder accumulators World #1 in piston accumulators Increasing demand for packaged modules World wide own footprint Allows consistent supply to our global customers Unique position for aftersales care & recertification Acumuladores Acumulador cargado con Peso Acumulator cargado por Resorte Un Acumulador es un dispositivo donde se almacena energia Ejemplos: Baterias/pilas; Tanque pulmon de aire comprimido. Un Acumulador Hidraulico es un dispositivo donde se almacena energia potencial y se expele por medio de un fluido. Ejemplos: Cargado por Peso, Cargado por Resorte. Un Acumulador Hidro-Neumatico es un dispositivo donde se almacena energia potencial en forma de gas comprimido dentro de un contenedor de fluido. Ejemplos: Piston, Vejiga, Diafragma, Fuelle metalico. Presion constante para toda la salida del volumen. No muy portatil debido al tamano y peso. Genera shocks No es un producto estandar Diametro bar = 125,600 Kgf DEAD WEIGHT PISTON FLUID FLUID PORT Bajo costo. Tolera fugas. No sirve para altos ciclos (fatiga de resorte) Unidades grandes para volumen pequenos de producto. Maxima Presion debajo de 20 bar. Limitaciones de tamano litros y menos. 2

3 Hidroneumatico Sin separador Hidroneumatico Fuelle mecanico Hidroneumatico Diafragma No tienen partes moviles. Se requiere sobredimensionar para mantener fluido todo el tiempo (Aprox. 33% mas) Aereacion / Permeacion de gas Alto mantenimiento (precarga) Estandar Separacion positivo Diseno de bajo perfil Compatibilidad quimica Fatiga del fuelle Alto costo Alta eficiencia / relacion de peso Bajo costo Reparable / No-Reparable Aplicacion limitada Limite de tamano Hidroneumatico Vejiga Hidroneumatico Piston Bladder vs. Piston Failure Mode Bladder Instant Failure Piston Gradual Failure Output Volume Bladder 4:1 Maximum Compression Ratio Piston Compression Ratio Non Factor Flow Rate Bladder Limited Flow (833 LPM) Piston Virtually Unlimited (300 Bore 13,061 LPM) Bladder vs. Piston Mounting Configuration Funciones de Acumuladores Fluid Type Bladder Contamination Tolerant/Water Service Piston Less Rubber/Extreme Temp/Fluids Response Time/High Frequency Cycling Bladder No Frictional Losses Piston Piston Travel Dissipates Heat/Lubricates Cost Bladder Lower Cost but Size Limited Piston Higher Cost but Easily Customizable All Prefer to be Mounted in a Vertical Position with Hydraulic Port Down can be Mounted Horizontally but Beware of Potential Risks Piston can Experience Uneven Seal Wear if Fluid is Unclean Bladders Can Float on Fluid and Rub Against Shell Almacenamiento de Presion Absorcion de pulsos y picos Barrera de transferencia Dispensador de fluido Control de picos Control de contaminacion 3

4 Accumulator - Function / Application Accumulator - Function / Application Products FUNCTION APPLICATION FUNCTION APPLICATION Pressure Storage Emergency / Auxiliary Power Energy Savings Supplementing Pump Flow Holding Devices Leakage Compensators Fluid Make-up Thermal Expansion Pulsation & shock Absorption Rapid valve shift / closure Mechanical shock Pump pulsations Transfer barrier Pressure transfer between different fluids With gas back up bottles Surge control Pump Start-up Pump Shut-down Contamination Control Reservoir Isolation Products and Where Can Be Mounted in any position Non Catastrophic Failure Mode High Compression Ratio High Flow Rates CE marked Products and Where Direct Replacement for Competitor Product High Frequency Low Amplitude Capable Products and Where Tolerant of Dirty Fluids Fast Reaction Speeds CE marked Cost effective if gas volume < 0.5 liter High frequency low amplitude Products and Where Instantaneous response Best at low operating pressures CE marked > 1 liter Plastic Injection Moulding Wave & Tidal Wave & Tidal Ride Control Braking Systems Power Units Fatigue Test Machines Flight Simulation Energy Recovery Power Units Pilot supply for small control valves Distributor Aftermarket business Wind Energy Accumulator Suspension Products Track Tensioning - Traditional Adjustable rate Safety Ease of installation Compact design Products and Where Mechanical Spring Not Adjustable Hard to Install / Safety Issues Low Forces for Large Components Cat Joy BTI 4

5 Track Tensioning - Hydraulics Track Tensioning Gas Strut Cylinder & Accumulator In Combo Higher Force Can Remotely Install Adds Multiple Leak Points Cylinder / Accumulator as One Unit Active / Passive Component Active Pressure Port Single source of supply Compact design Less Leak points Less administrative cost Products and Where Lower installed cost Nitrogen Charge Port Integrated Accumulator Manifolds IAM Examples IAM Examples IAMs may result from integrating a valve into an extended end cap. IAMs may result from integrating the accumulator into a valve manifold. Kleen Vent Seals Reservoir From Environment Acts as a Lung for the Reservoir Reservoir Breathes From Atmospheric Pressure Positive Separation Without Maintenance Inline Pulse-Tone Noise vibration attenuation Safety block 1 Block 2 Accumulator Port A 3 Main Shut-Off Valve 4 Manually Operated Discharge 5 Electrically Operated Discharge* 6 Pressure Port P 7 Maintenance Port M1 8 Pressure Relief Valve Not shown in this view: - Tank Port T - Maintenance Port M2 5

6 Power Generation Supplemental Pump Source Energy Recovery System Power Generation Oil & Gas Exploration 6

7 Oil & Gas Exploration High Pressure World Certifications Pressure to 1,500 bar Stainless or Carbon Steel DNV Det Norske Veritas CE/PED Pressure Equipment Directive ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ABS American Bureau of Shipping NR-13 Brazilian Pressure Vessel Standards AS1210 Australian SELO Chinese (will be completed in March) CSA/CRN Canadian Registration Number Acumuladores - Definiciones and Guias - Definitions and Guides - Definitions and Guides Gases Gases Ideales son gases en los que su factor de compresibilidad es unitario. Se asume que las moleculas de un gas ideal se comportan como esferas elasticas perfectas. Esa interaccion intermolecular tiene muy poco efecto y el tamano molecular es insignificante comparada con el volumen total. Cualquier cambio o desviacion de las suposiciones mencionadas, causa que los gases reales varien con respecto al comportamiento de las leyes de los gases ideales. Nitrogeno Se recomienda el uso nitrogeno seco para cargar los acumuladores y asi prevenir la corrosion y oxidacion. El nitrogeno no tiene el comportamiento de gas ideal. El factor de compresibilidad se desvia a altas temperaturas y presiones. En los acumuladores el gas se comprime a altas presiones y tempraturas, por tal motivo se debe tener cuidado a la hora de seleccionar acumuladores. Isothermal Compression When nitrogen gas is compressed slowly (isothermal) the gas heats up. The heat that is being generated has ample time to be dissipated through the walls of the accumulator, resulting in little or no change in gas temperature. This is an isothermal compression. Isothermal Expansion When nitrogen gas is let to expand, the gas cools off. If it is done at a very slow rate where enough heat is absorbed from the surrounding areas by the gas then there is no change in gas temperatures. This is referred to as an isothermal expansion. ((P 1 V 1 ) n = (P 2 V 2 ) n n = 1 - Definitions and Guides Gas Pre-charge Gas Pre-charge Adiabatic Compression When gas is compressed it heats up. When the heat that is being generated cannot be dissipated fast enough the gas retains the heat resulting in an increase in gas temperature. This is referred to as an adiabatic compression. Adiabatic Expansion When gas expands it cools off. If the expansion is rapid, heat cannot be absorbed fast enough to maintain a constant gas temperature. As a result the gas temperature decreases. This is referred to as an adiabatic expansion. (P 1 V 1 ) n = (P 2 V 2 ) n Pre-charge Guide Pre-charge in accumulators depends on the type of accumulator and the type of application. Piston Accumulator Application Type Supplementing Pump Flow, Auxiliary Power Supply Gas pre-charge should be 100 psi below minimum system pressure at operating temperatures. Where the minimum system pressure is below 1000 psi, 90% of the minimum system pressure is recommended at operating temperatures. Failure to follow these guidelines can result in the piston striking the hydraulic cap if the pre-charge is too high. Striking the hydraulic cap can do damage to a piston accumulator over time. If the pre-charge is too low, you will not get the calculated fluid volume from the accumulator. Bladder / Diaphragm Application Type Supplementing Pump Flow, Auxiliary Power Supply Pre-charge to 90% of the minimum system pressure at operating temperature. Pre-charge the first 50 psi at a very slow rate. The bladder can extrude under the poppet valve and get be pinched Repetitious poppet closing can result in a poppet / spring failure. n = Varies, depending on the gas in use, gas pressure, temperature and how fast we compress or let the gas expand. 7

8 Accumulator Cycle Description Following is a pictorial description of both a piston type and bladder type accumulator moving from the as received state through pre-charging and into the machine cycle. One objective isto illustrate the properpositionofthe pistonand bladderat the extremes of theirmovement. Stage (a) Stage (c) The accumulator is empty, and The hydraulic system is pressurized. System pressure exceeds precharge pressure, and fluid flows into the accumulator. neither gas nor hydraulic sides are pressurized. Stage (b) Stage (d) The accumulator is pre-charged. System pressure peaks. The accumulator is filled with fluid to its design capacity. Any further increase in hydraulic pressure would be prevented by a relief valve in the system. Stage (e) System pressure falls. Pre-charge pressure forces fluid from the accumulator into the system. Stage (f) Minimum system pressure is reached. The accumulator has discharged its design maximum volume of fluid back into the system. Temperature Variation Temperature variation can seriously affect the pre-charge pressure of an accumulator. As the temperature increases, the pre-charge pressure increases; conversely, decreasing temperature will decrease the pre-charge pressure. In order to assure the accuracy of your accumulator pre-charge pressure, you need to factor in the temperature variation. The temperature variation factor is determined by the temperature encountered during pre-charge versus the operating temperature expected in the system. Temperature During Pre-charge Low Pre-charge Failure Fig 2 Operating conditions of bladder, piston and diaphragm accumulators Let s assume the temperature during pre-charge is 70 F, the expected operating temperature is 130 F, and your desired pre-charge is 1000 psi. Find the charging temperature of 70 F in the top horizontal row. Next, find the operating temperature of 130 F in the left hand, vertical column. Extend lines from each value until they inter-sect to find the temperature variation factor; in this case,.90. Multiply the desired pre-charge of 1000 psi by the temperature variation factor of.90 to obtain the actual pre-charge pressure required 900 psi. InPHorm Sizing and Selection Easily Sizes Accumulator Requirements Rapid Selection Tool Creates Parametric Drawings Additional Tools Online Catalog Fluid Compatibility Unit Conversion Piston Safety Blocks Crimped Piston Bladder Diaphragm Gas Bottles Preguntas Vaccu = Vw volume to discharge x E accu pressure ratio / d discharge coef E = pmin / pmax = 1,24 for bladders (1,11 for piston) d = 1 - (pmin/pmax) ^ (1/n) n: coeficiente politropico = 1,4 para nitrogeno (ajustarlo con tablas de acuerdo al tiempo de llenado y presion promedip, pej 0-8 seg & 1500 psi promedio n=1,65). SurgeKushons Engineered Solutions COOLERS Stainless Steel Reservoir Isolation Inline Pulse- Tone Accumulator & Cooler Division GRACIAS 8