Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno lacandón Functionality and Perversion of the Myth: The Lacandon Environment Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz

Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno lacandón Functionality and Perversion of the Myth: The Lacandon Environment Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz En-claves del Pensamiento, vol. VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre, 2014, pp. 143-159. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México Distrito Federal, México En-claves del Pensamiento, ISSN (Versión impresa): 1870-879X dora.garcia@itesm.mx en-claves.ccm@servicios.itesm.mx Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México México

FUNCIONALIDAD Y PERVERSIÓN DEL MITO Entorno lacandón Á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

144 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz Resumen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bstract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

Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno lacandón 145 Introducción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

146 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz!"#$%#&'()!%*$%!#%+#(,*$'-#"./(/.('#%0)'*%('.#.,#,1/+/2"&/3*#45,*1'#&'*# '1!'.#%+%(%*1'.4-#$%.$%#6/*%.#7#"&1'!%.#%.)%&86/&'.9 Mito fundacional lacandón como elemento de comprensión del mundo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`\-#))9#[Z[-#[Z]#7#[[K>[]Z9

Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno lacandón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`%)<9!%-"($*+,-#)+"&-)./,+)%"&.+&012-3#($X_`$:$ PYa_($MGN*.&($FDDU($04$CHD4 CO $ 6"&.*-.*=%$'!1-.*&%-)-$-$",$*%#!'-..*=%$.&%$1-$%-#,'-1!;-($2!"#*)&($-1*/!%#-.*=%($:$!%$"<($ +&'/-$)!$2*)-4 CR $ X&%$1-$)&#-.*=%$#!''*#&'*-1$)!$CB\F($!%$1-$@,!$"!$1!"$-.'!)*#-$UCO($HFC$3!.#I'!-"($:$1-$0&"7 #!'*&'$!N01&#-.*=%$)!$!"-$)!/-'.-.*=%($0'*%.*0-1/!%#!$0&'$1-$X&/0-]<-$`%),"#'*-1$S&'!"#-1$)!$1-$ E-.-%)&%-$A4$64$ZX&+&1-"-[($&'9-%*;-.*=%$9,8!'%-/!%#-1$/-)!'!'-4$E&"$*%2!"#*9-)&'!"$V!'-')&$ :,";$,<'4'9,"#,'=."*>'</?,3,+'@./'3,'</3A,'+*'-*2B,'</"'/C-3*#,2,'A/"2,2/",D/+#/'<$+'@./'E.1$/7 '-$,%$),!]&$@,!$0!'/*#*!'-$3-.!'1&($b:$@,!$/!?&'$@,!$UU$+-/*1*-"$K1-.-%)&%-"L$/-'9*%-)-"c$^!'$ :/","2*':,";$,<'4'9,"#,'=."*>&'(F*<'3,0,+2*+/<'.+'D$#*'2/'3,'G/;*"D,'HI","$,6&'/+'!0E*,'4'F//' Z!)"4[($4)56#7#8#,/%&+&9-"5#6-%&.+&8#"&:-2+;<#=!+"&>&:%>%"($aY6MJK"$IE,D'L*.+I'M+$A/"<$#4&'9N7 N*.&($CB5H($004$OOC7OO\4

148 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz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`@,<<3,aV?GW3, FL, ^%!.#&%C(,9.*,#0'"$#"*/'+,*(,*),#<#"!#$',$*,A.(&%'(#)%$#$,-,<*"1*"+%C(,$*),/%!',A.($#&%'? (#),:)#&#($C(;3 FV! "#$!%&$'#()*'+#!%&$',-.!:*"%'(%,2",1+%,#.";1+%,*&29<"&(%=,>2"&'*2(2,-,$*'.(1*2(2,"&'$",1+%, /(-(%@,\(+!%!.!',[#&%'(#),\($%5*(%+!#@,bEJ%&'@,FWWa@,<3,FZW3 FW, =C<*B@,3+%,/*'+%,2"1,'1().()?"@@,+#=,)*'=@,<<3,GG?GV3

Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno lacandón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

150 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz!"#$%&"'()!&)#*"'(+$+',"-&"'!#+."-%"-&"'/'0"*&%-)0)'!)#)'"*&)#'"-'1)'*"1.)2' 30"$4*5')1'6)("#'$"-(%7-'0"'"*"'81)9+'&)-,%:1";'*"'6)("'#"<"#"-(%)')'1)'(+$=> -%()(%7-'!"#$)-"-&"'(+-'"11)5'"?!#"*)0)'"-'1)'*%"$:#)5'1)'()9)5'"1'&#):)@+'/'1+*' #%&+*2'A"'%,=)1'<+#$)'"*'%$!+#&)-&"'*"B)1)#'C="'"1'&%"$!+'0"1'6+$:#"'!="0"' (+%-(%0%#'"-')1,D-'!=-&+'(+-'"1'0"'1+*'0%+*"*5'!"#+'(+##"'!+#'0%*&%-&)*'.E)*5'/'"1' 0"."-%#'0"'1)*'(+*)*'"-'"1'$=-0+'81)()-07-;'(+##"*!+-0"')'1+*'0"*%,-%+*'*)>,#)0+*5')*E'(+$+')1'*"#.%(%+'C="'"1'6+$:#"'!#"*&)')'1)*'0%.%-%0)0"*2 F)'%-&",#)(%7-'0"'1+*'81)()-0+-"*;'(+-'1)'*"1.)'*"'!="0"')!#"(%)#')1'*"#'"1',#=!+'C="'$"-+*'!)#("1)(%7-'6)'#")1%9)0+'*+:#"'1)'9+-)5')1,=-+*'0"'"11+*'*"' (+-*%0"#)-'*=*',=)#0%)-"*'/'(+-(%:"-'C="'*71+')'&#).G*'0"'"11)'!="0"-'0"*)> ##+11)#*"'(+$+')=&G-&%(+*'6+$:#"*5'!="*'"*'C=%"-'1"*'!"#$%&"'*"#'1+'C="'*+-2' H):"-'C="'"1'6+$:#"'"*'1%$%&)0+'"-'*='()!)(%0)0'!"#("!&%.)5'!+#'1+'C="'1)*' 0"%0)0"*5'<="#9)*'/'0%+*"*'*"'$)-%<%"*&)-'"-'=-'(#=@%0+5'=-)'*+$:#)5'=-'"<1=.%+5' +'=-)':+##)*()5'0"1'$%*$+'$+0+'C="'!="0"-'!"-"&#)#'"-'"1'*"#'6=$)-+'/'<+#> $)#'!)#&"'0"'*='.+1=-&)02'I1'$%&+'1"*'6)':#%-0)0+'%-&",#)(%7-'(+$+',#=!+'/' *",=#%0)0'"-'1)'(+-.%."-(%)'(+-'1+*'"1"$"-&+*'0"'1)'-)&=#)1"9)5'/'6)'#)&%<%()0+' *='"*&)&=*'0"',#=!+'!"#$%$"#%&"'("'#"!#"*"-&)&%.+'0"'1)'*"1.)2'J)'(+-&#%:=%0+' )'1)'1",%&%$)(%7-'0"'(+$!+#&)$%"-&+*5'-+#$)*5'%-*&%&=(%+-"*5'/'"-'*E5')'1)'(+-<%>,=#)(%7-'0"'*='"*&#=(&=#)'*+(%)15'0"')6E'*='%$!+#&)-(%)2'I-'(+-(+#0)-(%)'(+-'!"#$%&'()$*+,-./0("1*/0"#$2"*3*4&5$6$4"*#"(*4/00%4$"(7*("#8"9:"/5"*#&(*./$%4$.$&(* ;&/"#0(*3*#&(*$;.&%0*<=>*&6/040*/09#"(*./?4@$4"(*."/"*0#*:(&*50#*A&;B/0CD KL 'J)' *%0+'=-'0%*!+*%&%.+'C="'+#%"-&)'/'!#+$="."'1)*'%1=*%+-"*2'H='&#)-*$%*%7-'+#)1'"' %-&"#%+#%9)(%7-')'&#).G*'0"'1)*'!#4(&%()*'%-("-*)#%)*'"#)'(+-*%0"#)0)'0"'.%&)1' %$!+#&)-(%)5'!"#+'"-'1)')(&=)1%0)05')=-C="'*"'1"'(+-+("5'#"*=1&)'$"-+*'<=-0)> $"-&)1'!)#)'1)'.%0)'(+&%0%)-)5'/'*%'!%"#0"'*='()#4(&"#'+!"#)(%+-)1'*"'&#)-*<+#$)> #4'%##"$"0%):1"$"-&"'"-'1"/"-0)'+'(="-&+2'I1'=*+'*+(%)1'"*'"1'C="'1"':#%-0)'1)' )&#%:=(%7-'0"'$%&+'.%.+5'-+'*"'-)##)'!)#)'0%."#&%#')'1)*'!"#*+-)*5')!)#"("'(=)-> 0+'"1'#%&+5'1)'("#"$+-%)'+'=-)'#",1)'*+(%)1'+'$+#)1'#"C=%"#"-'@=*&%<%()(%7-5',)#)-> &E)'0"'#")1%0)0'/'*)(#)1%0)02 KM 'N=)-0+'"*'-"("*)#%+'<+#&)1"("#'"1'%-&"#G*'%-0%.%0=)1' +',#=!)1'"-'"1'&#)-*(=#*+'(+&%0%)-+'/'"?&#)+#0%-)#%+'0"'1)'.%0)2'F)'!G#0%0)'0"' $%&+*5'/'"*!"(%)1$"-&"'"*&"'0"')<%#$)(%7-5'(+-&#%:=/"')'0"*.%-(=1)#')'1+*'81)> ()-0+-"*;'0"'1)'*"1.)5'!"#+'!#%-(%!)1$"-&"'0"'*E'$%*$+*'O"-'&)-&+'*"#"*'C="' #"*!%#)-5'*=<#"-5',+9)-5'*%"-&"-')'&#).G*'0"'&+0)*'1)*'"?!#"*%+-"*'0"'1)'-)&=#)> 1"9)O2'I-&+-("*'1)'#"<"#"-(%)'!"#$)-"-&"'0"'"11+*'6)(%)')*'*"1.)5'!)*)'0"'*"#' )1,+'.E.%0+')'=-'+:@"&+'0"'=*+2'I1'-+'%0"-&%<%()#*"'(+-'"*&"'*=*&#)&+'$E&%(+'1"*' %-(%&)')'()$:%)#'0"'0"##+&"#+5')'&+$)#'+&#+*'.)1+#"*'(+$+'*=/+*5')'-"("*%&)#' KL * E/&%$(#"8*!"#$%&'()$1*+%,-%./0-"'0-%/1/#"2-,-3'1*F#"%0@"GH9&(@$%$1*E"/40#&%"1*IJJK1*.D*LMD KM ' P"#'-4-$25'!2'QRQ2'

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156 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz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

Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno lacandón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

158 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz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eflexiones finales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

Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno lacandón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echa de recepción: 05/11/2012 Fecha de aceptación: 21/05/2013 EF # I5<"B6#!"#$%&'"#$()*$'*+,-+,.)/6#"01$,&'16#<<1#JKF#0#JKL1