Experience with GMOs in Spain, the first country (in surface) in Europe cultivating Bt-maize

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Eugenia Aranda Flores
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1 Experience with GMOs in Spain, the first country (in surface) in Europe cultivating Bt-maize Pere Puigdomènech Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Alnarp. November 2012

2 Maize cultivation surface in Spain In Spain more than hectares of GMO Maize (MON810) are planted In Spain maize is mainly used for animal feeding

3 Data in 2012

4 Autonomous Communities

5 Maize Production in Spain

6 Maize Imports in Spain

7 National Commission for Biosafety

8 Activities of the Commission

9 Field trials in 2011

10 Public reports of results

11 Environmental monitoring

12 Insect population studies

13 Eurobarometer 2006

14 Perception of GMOs in Spain

15 Perception of science in Spain

16 GMO-free territories

17 Wikileaks

18 Coexistence Recomendación de la Comisión de 23 de julio de 2003 sobre las Directrices para la elaboración de estrategias y mejores prácticas nacionales con el fin de garantizar la coexistencia de los cultivos modificados genéticamente con la agricultura convencional y ecológica [notificada con el número C(2003) 2624] (2003/556/CE) 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Concepto de coexistencia El cultivo de organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG) en la Unión Europea es probable que tenga consecuencias en la organización de la producción agrícola. Por un lado, la posibilidad de la presencia accidental (no intencionada) de cultivos modificados genéticamente (MG) en cultivos que no hayan sufrido esta modificación, y viceversa, plantea la cuestión de cómo se puede asegurar la elección del productor respecto a los diferentes tipos de producción. En principio, los agricultores deberían poder cultivar los tipos de cultivos agrícolas que escojan, ya se trate de cultivos modificados genéticamente, convencionales o ecológicos. Ninguno de estos tipos de agricultura debería excluirse en la Unión Europea. Por otro lado, este asunto está relacionado también con la elección de los consumidores. Para que los consumidores europeos puedan disfrutar de una auténtica capacidad de elección entre alimentos modificados genéticamente y alimentos que no hayan sufrido esta modificación, no sólo debería existir un sistema de trazabilidad y etiquetado que funcione correctamente, sino también un sector agrario que pueda suministrar los diferentes tipos de bienes. La capacidad del sector alimentario para ofrecer a los consumidores un elevado grado de elección es paralela a la capacidad del sector agrario de mantener diferentes sistemas de producción. La coexistencia se refiere a la capacidad de los agricultores de poder escoger en la práctica entre la producción de cultivos convencionales, ecológicos y modificados genéticamente, en cumplimiento de las obligaciones legales sobre etiquetado y las normas de pureza.

19 Coexistence

20 Spain is different? Possible reasons Economical (maize imports) Political (weak political ecologism) Sociological (perception) Farmer position (interest, absence of conflicts) Industrial position Scientists position

22 Features of CRAG An innovative structure (own administration, common visibility) A centre for scientific excellence A centre incorporating scientists from different institutions working together A centre with good general services A centre with good relations with the industrial sectors Creation of spin-offs companies

23 Research in different species in plants Model Species (Arabidopsis thaliana, rice) Cereals (maize, rice) Fruit trees (Prunus) Horticultural species (cucurbitaceae, tomato, potato, pepper, strawberry) Farm animals: pig and cattle

24 European projects TRIESTER - Trilateral Initiative for Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Rice Blanca San Segundo (coord.) euros MELRIP - Understanding the climacteric vs non-climacteric fruit ripening mechanisms in melon using trnascriptomic, metabolomic and reverse genetic approaches Jordi Garcia Mas (coord.) euros ProteinStorage - An integrated genomic and proteomic characterization of induced seed storage organelles for the optimal production of biopharmaceuticals in plants and plant cells Dolors Ludevid euros CORNFED (CORNERGY) - From diversity to energy: integration of advanced mapping and phenotyping methods to identify key alleles for building maize energy ideotypes David Caparrós euros Fragenomic - Genetical Genomics for strawberry fruit quality and health Amparo Monfort euros SEPSAPE - Safe and efficient plant systems for antimicrobial peptide production María Coca euros

25 Recent articles

26 Recent covers

27 Services General Services Greenhouses DNA Sequencing (capilar and 454) Genomics Proteomics GMOs Microscopy and in situ hybridisation Next: Genotyping and Metabolomics

28 Maria Pla Jose Luis La Paz Carlos Repiso Sara Marrupe

29 Background

30 Services Services GMO detection / quantification Allergen detection / quantification Authorized / unauthorized events in: Mycotoxins in: Seeds (soya, cereals, oleaginous ) Food (different kind of matrixes) Feed (based on soya, cereals ) Cereals Food (different matrixes) Feed (based on cereals) Regulation EC 1830/2003 Traceability and compulsory labeling of food and feed products containing more than 0,9% of GMO per ingredient. Regulation EC 1126/2007 Maximum content of different mycotoxins in food/feed

31 GMO Service Workflow process: Sample Reception Sample homogenization and preparation No amplifiable DNA obtained 2X replicates DNA/protein extraction Repeated contradictory results between replicates 4X replicates Analysis RESULTS 2X replicates Contradictory results between replicates High deviation between replicates REPORT

32 GMO Service DNA extraction process: Refined oils Atomized glucose Liquors Toasted coffee Highly modified starch Highly modified solid lecithins Beer Products which it is difficult to obtain DNA -Matrix-specific highly reproducible DNA extraction methods Seeds Flours Semolina Polenta Baby food Hamburguer Soaps Vegetable creams Powdered cocoa Extruded cereals Fried meals (maize, potato ) Snacks Crude oils Popcorn Meat products We managed to obtain Soybean lecithin Proteic concentrates Soybean protein Dietetic complements Cookies Breads Corn starch Sorbitol Gluten Dextrose Malt extract Artificial colourings Ketchup Liver pate Pizza maize/soybean/rice DNA

33 GMO Service PCR Analysis Level 1 Screening Endogenous gene Promoters CaMV P-35S FMV P-35S P-UbiZm P-NOS Terminators CaMV T-35S T-NOS T-mas T-7 Antibiotic res. nptii Bla neor genr Genes cry1a(b) epsps bar pat Plant specie specific gene Maize (adh-1) Soybean (lectin-1) Rapeseed (crua) Cotton (adhc) Rice (gos9, pld, sps) GMO database Maize T14 (Liberty Link) Maize T25 (Liberty Link) Maize E-176 (Maximizer) Level 2 Detection of the selected possible transformation event/s Maize T25 (Liberty Link) - Negative Maize T14 (Liberty Link) - Negative Maize E-176 (Maximizer) - Positive Level 3 Quantification of positive events % maize E-176 in the sample?

34 GMO Service Transgenic protein detection methods Qualitative detection by Lateral Flow Strips (LFS) Quantitative analysis by ELISA

35 GMO Service Maize -Bt-176 (KnockOut ) -Bt-11 / Bt-10 (Attribute ) -GA21 (Roundup Ready) -T25 (Liberty Link) -MON88017 (YieldGard VT PRO) -MON863 (YieldGard Rootworm) -MON810 (YieldGard ) -MON89034 (YieldGard VT PRO) -DAS (Herculex II) -SYN-E3272 -MIR604 (AgriSure RW) -LY038 (Mavera ) -NK603 (Roundup Ready) -TC1507 (Herculex ) -DP (Optimum GAT ) -CBH-351 (StarLink ) Potato -Potato Bt (Cry3A) -EH (Amflora ) GMO Events we can detect & quantify Soybean -GTS (Roundup Ready) -MON89788 (Roundup Ready II) -A (Liberty Link) -A (Liberty Link) Cotton -LL25 (Liberty Link) -MON1445 (Roundup Ready) -MON15985 (Bollgard II) -MON531 (Bollgard I) -DAS 281 x 3006 (Widestrike ) -GHB614 (Roundup Ready) Carnation -FLO (Moonlite ) -FLO (Moondust ) -FLO (Moonaqua ) -959A/988A (Moonshadow ) Rapeseed -GT73 (Roundup Ready) / (Laurical ) -MS8 x RF3 (SeedLink ) -T45 (Liberty Link) -MS1 X RF1 (InVigor ) -HCN92 (Liberty Link) -OXY-235 (Navigator ) -HCN10 (Liberty Link) -MPS961/962/963 (Phytaseed ) Rice -LL601 (Liberty Link) -LL62 (Liberty Link) -TT51-1 (Bt-63) Sugarbeet -GTS-B77 (Roundup Ready) -H7-1 (Roundup Ready) -T120-7 (Liberty Link)

36 GMO Service DNA Analysis methods: ENGL platform Lab A Method A European Network of GMO Laboratories Method C Lab C Lab B Method B EU Reference Laboratory for Food and Feed Method D Lab D Method A Lab A Lab B Lab C Lab D.. Lab n Official EU Reference Method

37 An European network

38 GMO I+D Stakeholders, companies and consumer needs GMO Routine Analysis I+D (European projects) Implementation of new technology and knowledge Reliable, Standardized, Specific, quantitative detection of Genetically Modified Organisms QPCRGMOFOOD 5th Framework Programme New Technology in Food Science: facing the multiplicity of new released GMOs. GMOCHIPS 5th Framework Programme Sustainable Introduction of GMOs into European Agriculture SIGMEA 6th Framework Programme Co-Existance and Traceability of GMOs in European Supply Chain COEXTRA 7th Framework Programme

39 Recent publications

40 Thank you very much

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