Incontinencia urinaria en las mujeres



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Transcripción:

Urinary Incontinence in Women Urinary incontinence is a common problem for many women. The muscles and nerves that help to hold or release urine can get weak or have problems. It can be caused by childbirth, menopause, aging, nerve disease, stroke, surgery, injury, infection and medicines. It can also be a side effect of other health conditions, such as diabetes or cancer. Testing and treatment can help to improve your quality of life. Signs of Incontinence Urine leaks after a cough, laugh, sneeze or physical activity The sound of water running or touching water causes an urge to urinate Sudden urge to go to the bathroom before leaking urine Not able to empty bladder when going to the bathroom Needing to empty bladder 8 or more time a day or more than 2 times at night Tell your doctor if you have had: Kidney or bladder stones or calcium deposits. These can block the flow of urine from the bladder to urethra. Polyps or small growths in the vaginal area. They can press on the urethra and lead to incontinence. Types of Incontinence Temporary: Urine leaks are caused by a sudden change in health or medicine. It can be a medicine side effect, infection in the urinary tract or bladder, or other health reason that will go away with time or short-term treatment. 1

Incontinencia urinaria en las mujeres La incontinencia urinaria es un problema común para muchas mujeres. Los músculos y nervios que ayudan a mantener o a liberar la orina se pueden debilitar o tener problemas. Esto puede deberse al parto, menopausia, la edad, enfermedades de los nervios, apoplejía, cirugía, lesión, infección o medicamentos. También puede ser un efecto secundario de otras afecciones, como la diabetes o el cáncer. Los análisis y el tratamiento pueden ayudar a mejorar su calidad de vida. Signos de incontinencia Pérdidas de orina después de toser, reírse, estornudar o hacer actividad física. El sonido del agua corriente o tocar agua causa una necesidad urgente de orinar. Necesidad repentina de ir al baño antes de gotear orina. No poder vaciar la vejiga al ir al baño. Necesidad de vaciar la vejiga 8 o más veces por día o más de 2 veces por la noche. Infórmele a su médico si: ha tenido cálculos en los riñones o la vejiga o depósitos de calcio. Estos pueden bloquear el flujo de orina de la vejiga a la uretra. Pólipos o pequeños crecimientos en el área vaginal. Estos pueden hacer presión sobre la uretra y causar incontinencia. Tipos de incontinencia Temporal: Pérdidas de orina causadas por cambios repentinos de salud o de medicamentos. Puede ser un efecto secundario del medicamento, infección en el tracto urinario o vejiga, u otro motivo de salud que desaparecerá con el tiempo o con un tratamiento a corto plazo. Urinary Incontinence in Women. Spanish. 1

Stress: Urine leaks repeatedly after a cough, laugh, sneeze or other physical activity. The muscles that control urine leak with stress or pressure. It may get worse the week before a menstrual period. Urge: The muscles and nerves around the bladder contract and release urine when it is not supposed to. Urine leaks happen when there is a sudden feeling or need to urinate. This can happen during sleep, after drinking water, or when you touch water or hear it running. Mixed: A person has both stress and urge incontinence. Overflow: The bladder gets too full and urine leaks. There may be a problem with the muscle around the bladder blocking the emptying of the bladder when going to the bathroom. Overflow is often caused by urine leaks from too much pressure on the bladder. Overactive bladder: The need to empty the bladder often, even when there may be very little urine stored. Testing If you have signs of incontinence, call your doctor. You will have a physical exam and be asked questions about how often and when leaks occur. You may have one or more of these tests: Pelvic exam: Checks for problems with the urethra, rectum and vagina. Urine test: Urine is checked for infection and the amount of urine passed when emptying the bladder is measured. Bladder tests: Pressure tests check the muscles and nerves. A thin tube or catheter may be used to collect urine during a bladder test. Ultrasound: Pictures of the organs and muscles in the lower abdomen are taken using sound waves. Cystoscopy: A thin tube with a camera on the end may be used to look into the urethra and bladder. Treatments Based on the physical exam and testing, you may have one or more of these treatments: 2

Presión: pérdidas de orina repetidamente después de toser, reírse, estornudar o hacer actividad física. Los músculos que controlan las pérdidas de orina con presión. Podría empeorar la semana antes de un período menstrual. Urgencia: los músculos y nervios alrededor de la vejiga se contraen y liberan orina cuando no deben. Las pérdidas de orina se dan cuando hay una sensación repentina o necesidad de orinar. Esto puede suceder mientras duerme, después de beber agua o cuando toca agua o la escucha correr. Combinada: una persona tiene tanto incontinencia por presión como por urgencia. Desborde: la vejiga se llena demasiado y hay pérdidas de orina. Podría haber un problema con los músculos alrededor de la vejiga bloqueando el vaciado de la vejiga al ir al baño. El desborde se suele deber a pérdidas de orina por demasiada presión sobre la vejiga. Vejiga hiperactiva: la necesidad de vaciar la vejiga a menudo, incluso cuando hay muy poca orina almacenada. Exámenes Si tiene signos de incontinencia, llame a su médico. Le harán un examen físico y preguntas acerca de la frecuencia y el momento en que ocurren las pérdidas. Puede que le hagan alguno o todos estos análisis: Examen pélvico: verificar si hay problemas con su uretra, recto y vagina. Análisis de orina: se analiza la orina para ver si hay infecciones y se mide la cantidad de orina producida al vaciar la vejiga. Análisis de la vejiga: pruebas de presión para analizar los músculos y los nervios. Se puede utilizar un tubo delgado o catéter para recolectar orina durante un análisis de la vejiga. Ecografías: imágenes de los órganos y los músculos de la parte inferior del abdomen tomadas con ondas de sonido. Citoscopía: tal vez se utilice un pequeño tubo con una cámara al final para ver el interior de la uretra y la vejiga. Tratamientos Según el resultado del examen físico y los análisis, tal vez reciba uno o más de los siguientes tratamientos: Urinary Incontinence in Women. Spanish. 2

Kegel exercises, also known as pelvic floor exercises: They strengthen the muscles that control urine flow. To find these muscles, try to stop your urine midstream. Squeeze the muscles for just a second or two and then release. These are the muscles Kegels strengthen. Do these exercises after you have emptied your bladder. 1. Tighten the muscles. Hold the muscles for 5 or 10 seconds. If you can only keep the muscles tight for 1 or 2 seconds, work up to holding them longer over time. 2. Then relax the muscles. 3. Repeat 10 to 20 times, at least 3 times a day. You will notice more strength over time. Tell your doctor if Kegels do not help your condition. Electrical stimulation: A small non-painful electric pulse is used to help calm the nerves and muscles of the bladder. Biofeedback: You learn to control the muscles of your bladder based on measurements from devices. Medicines: Different drugs may be used. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist about any risks and benefits of the medicines. Behavior modification: Some behaviors can make the urine leaks more of a problem. Reduce the frequency of leakage by losing weight if overweight, taking in less caffeine, and stopping smoking. Bladder retraining program: You learn to control the flow of urine over several weeks or months. A journal is used to record urges and leaks. Pessary: A ring is placed into the vagina to put pressure on the opening of the bladder. The pressure helps control urine leaks. It may be used instead of surgery. Injections: The tissues around the bladder opening are injected with a substance that surrounds the opening to the bladder. This may need to be done again because the body slowly absorbs the substance. 3

Ejercicios Kegel, conocidos también como ejercicios del suelo pélvico. Estos ejercicios fortalecen los músculos que controlan el flujo de orina. Para encontrar estos músculos, intente detener su flujo de orina por la mitad. Apriete los músculos por un segundo o dos, y luego suelte. Estos son los músculos que fortalecen los Kegel. Haga estos ejercicios después de haber vaciado su vejiga. 1. Apriete los músculos. Mantenga los músculos apretados por 5 o 10 segundos. Si solo puede mantener los músculos apretados durante 1 o 2 segundos, haga los ejercicios con más frecuencia hasta que pueda mantenerlos durante más tiempo. 2. Luego, relaje los músculos. 3. Repita el ejercicio 10 a 20 veces, al menos 3 veces por día. Notará más fuerza con el pasar del tiempo. Dígale a su médico si los ejercicios de Kegel no la ayudan con su afección. Estimulación eléctrica: un pequeño impulso eléctrico indoloro que se utiliza para calmar los nervios y músculos de la vejiga. Biorretroalimentación: le permitirá aprender a controlar los músculos en su vejiga en base a mediciones de dispositivos. Medicamentos: se pueden utilizar diferentes fármacos. Hable con su médico y su farmacéutico acerca de los riesgos y beneficios de los medicamentos. Modificación del comportamiento: algunos comportamientos pueden hacer que las pérdidas de orina sean un problema más grave. Reduzca la frecuencia de las pérdidas de orina bajando de peso si tiene sobrepeso, tomando menos cafeína y dejando de fumar. Programa de entrenamiento de la vejiga: Le permite aprender a controlar el flujo de orina en el transcurso de varias semanas o meses. Se utiliza un diario para registrar las urgencias y pérdidas. Pesario: se coloca un anillo en la vagina para aplicar presión sobre la abertura de la vejiga. La presión ayuda a controlar las pérdidas de orina. Se puede utilizar en lugar de la cirugía. Inyecciones: los tejidos alrededor de la apertura de la vejiga son inyectados con una sustancia que rodea la abertura a la vejiga. Tal vez se deba repetir esto porque el cuerpo absorbe la sustancia lentamente. Urinary Incontinence in Women. Spanish. 3

Surgery: If other treatments have not worked, surgery may be an option. The type of surgery can vary from an outpatient procedure to major abdominal surgery. Talk to your doctor or nurse if you have any questions or concerns. 1/2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from www.healthinfotranslations.org for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. 4

Cirugía: si no han funcionado otros tratamientos, la cirugía puede ser una opción. El tipo de cirugía puede variar de un procedimiento ambulatorio a cirugía abdominal mayor. Hable con su médico o enfermera si tiene alguna pregunta o duda. 1/2012 Health Information Translations Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from www.healthinfotranslations.org for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment. Urinary Incontinence in Women. Spanish. 4