A vision for the supervision and control systems based on synchrophasor technology. Todos los derechos reservados para XM S.A. E.S.P.

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Xavier Torregrosa Acosta
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A vision for the supervision and control systems based on

2 Outline The challenges for the system operators Where are we today Our Vision The isaac project and its road map Final thoughts

Colombia has interesting challenges derived from its

Multiplicity of participants Auction based Reliability

from consumption centers Uncertainties deriving from

widespread rolling blackout was in 1992 Total blackout

3 Colombia has interesting challenges derived from its particular energy system Highly dynamic energy market Multiplicity of participants Auction based Reliability Charge El Niño Drought Large hydro capacity, but far from consumption centers Uncertainties deriving from wet and dry seasons (length and depth) Latest widespread rolling blackout was in 1992 Total blackout on April 26, 2007 Frequent terrorist attacks on transmission infrastructure

Requirements for the supervision systems of the

5 The need for a WAMS in Colombia

Frecuencia (Hz) Total system blackout of 2007 60.

6 Frecuencia (Hz) Total system blackout of Evento de Red Torca Contingencia Extrema en el SIN Actuación esperada del Esquema de Respaldo The originating cause of the blackout was an human error with a significant involvement of a faulty solution of the state estimator. The behavior of the backup protections (Zones 3 and 51N) was also a factor Frec_Medellin Frec_Torca Frec_SnMateo Frec_EPSA Frec_Flores Frec_Guatig Evento de Red Guavio-Circo Evento de Red Sochagota-Guatiguará Tiempo (s) The system took 11 seconds from the time of the first outage until the trip of the last generator. The sequence of events offered several opportunities to contain the advance of the cascade.

7 17:50:00 17:53:52 17:57:44 18:01:36 18:05:28 18:09:20 18:13:12 18:17:04 18:20:56 18:24:48 18:28:40 18:32:32 18:36:24 18:40:16 18:44:08 18:48:00 18:51:52 18:55:44 18:59:36 19:03:28 19:07:20 19:11:12 19:15:04 19:18:56 19:22:48 19:26:40 19:30:32 19:34:24 19:38:16 19:42:08 19:46:00 19:49:52 Todos los derechos reservados para XM S.A. E.S.P. Extremely Low Frequency Oscillations ELFO Almost faced another black-out in 2008, after experiencing one in 2007 No PMUs installed in Colombia before 2008 Provided the need to monitor system dynamics Not a mistake, it was a 0.06 Hz mode Colombian power system August 19 th 2008 Duration: 90 minutes Mode Freq: 0.06 Hz System Freq: Hz Guatapé Betania Tebsa FRECUENC/MEDELLIN//Frequ/ UFLS of approx 15% of the demand due to frequency excursion

Current WAMS at the Colombian Power System and milestones Milestones PMUs installed at 20 substations, some with more than one unit PMU installed in a cavern of a hydro plant for parameter validation

8 Current WAMS at the Colombian Power System and milestones Milestones PMUs installed at 20 substations, some with more than one unit PMU installed in a cavern of a hydro plant for parameter validation Super PDC installed in our Headquarters in Medellin receiving all the PMU data The WAMS system provides SCADA backup In a Psymetrix a high availability platform Design of visualization using phasor data Our aim is not just increasing the number of PMUs, but to design analytic tools from phasor information (Baselining, indexes, alarms, parameter validation) Developed a vision for the supervision and control systems of the future

WAMS - Situational Awareness WAMS Display at

Some tools are used for making decisions about

9 WAMS - Situational Awareness WAMS Display at Control Center XM s current WAMS prototype provides some tools for situational awareness at the control center. Some tools are used for making decisions about oscillatory stability and other are used to get feedback from operators about its usability.

10 Oscillatory stability monitoring and analysis tool General visualization of the oscillatory behavior Alarming Zone Warning Zone Normal Operation Oscillation characteristics analysis and alarming

11 Our challenge today is to monitor, control and protect the new energy infrastructure on a new market environment with more dynamic energy flows. With an improved reliability promise!

12 The isaac project

13 XM proposes a push to integrate the new technologies for a new kind of supervision and control system Current SCADA/ EMS systems isaac Vision 2025 The current SCADA/EMS paradigm dates back to the 60 s Centralized data processing and decision making No time synchronization Radial / Serial communications Steady State (1-4 sec updating) We are working on a collaborative strategy to make it happen

The Intelligent Supervision and Advance Control (isaac) System Control Center

Companies Generators The goal of the project is to design the architecture and and

Key Elements: Wide use of Phasor Measurement Technology Decentralized Functionality

and Control Advanced Situational Awareness IP Communications Network Data Bus

118/61850 Gateway/IDD at Substations Station State Reconciliation (Steady state /

14 The Intelligent Supervision and Advance Control (isaac) System Control Center Advanced HMI System Wide State Integration Global Supervision and Control T&D Companies Generators The goal of the project is to design the architecture and and the functional ecosystem for the future real time supervision and control systems. Key Elements: Wide use of Phasor Measurement Technology Decentralized Functionality at Substations IP Communications / Data Bus Architecture Collaborative Protection and Control Advanced Situational Awareness IP Communications Network Data Bus SOA/CIM/C37.118/61850 Gateway/IDD at Substations Station State Reconciliation (Steady state / dynamics) Selected decentralized EMS functions Decentralized system protection and control Gateway/IDD Gateway/IDD Phasor Measurement (PMU) Phasor Measurement (PMU) Phasor Measurement (PMU)

15 Research and Development partners Working groups EPRC NASPI System Performance R&D groups Universidad Nacional (Colombia) Decentralized State Reconciliation Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Colombia) Advanced Situational Awareness Universidade Federal Santa Catarina (Brazil) Generation model validation using PMU Iowa State University (USA) Angle and Voltage Stability System Modelling Protection & Control Real Time supervision In close cooperation with Quanta Technology and with support from USTDA we re developing both the conceptual design and road-map

16 isaac Road Map and Lines of work Phasor Measurement Technology Decentralized Functionality at Substations IP Communications / Data Bus Architecture Collaborative Protection and Control Advanced Situational Awareness What is a PMU? What the arrows mean? WAMS prototype WAN implemented in the corporate network SIPS with PMU? Shared knowledge Parallel operational prototype phase TCP/IP channels independent from the corporate network Alternative displays within the control room Technical competences in SPMS* SCADA/EMS integration IP based communications (Internetworking) Control center decisions based upon Situational awareness SIPS based on WAMS platform 2025 isaac as a natural evolution of SCADA/EMS systems * SPMS: Synchro-Phasor Measuring Systems

17 We are moving forward First prototype of a Gateway/IDD at the Sabanalarga 500/220kV station, implemented using OpenPDC and its adapters.

18 2014

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