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- Samuel de la Fuente Venegas
- hace 8 años
- Vistas:
Transcripción
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6 104 Macronutrientes: carbohidratos, grasas y proteínas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e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	%&O2#&'(&*2:#!" %(+-+B",+;'#'&("#.&#)*2(&0'"#J\a>M#&1#%'" 6&.+."#.&#-"#,"'(+.".#2#)2*,&'("Q&#.&#)*27 (&0'"#C%&#*&(+&'&#&'#*&-",+;'#,2'#-"#,2'7 1%6+.":#K262#&Q&6)-24#&-#K%".*2#GE4#+-%17 (*"#&-#O"-2*#C%06+,2#5#-"#\a> &'#,+',2#"-+7 6&'(21: a2#&1#%1%"-#2#$3,+-#28(&'&*#o"-2*&1#\a> &'#-"1#)&*12'"14#5#-"#6"52*0"#.&#-21#&1(%.+21 %(+-+B"'#-"1#*"("1:#S-#K%".*2#GE#1%/+&*&#C%& 9"5#%'"#8%&'"#,2**&-",+;'#&'(*&#-21#O"-2*&1 &'#*"("1#5#&'#-21#'+V214#5#C%&#-"#,"-+$+,",+;' C%06+,"#1%6+'+1(*"#%'#,3-,%-2#*"B2'"8-&#.& -"#,"-+.".#.&#-"#)*2(&0'": >"*"#&-#)*2$&1+2'"-#,26)*26&(+.2#&'#",(+7 O+.".&1#.&#'%(*+,+;'#5#&'#"5%."*#"#-"#/&'(&4 5"#1&"#,262#.+&(+1("#&'#%'"#&'(+.".#."-%.4,262#(*"8"Q".2*#.&#&D(&'1+;'#"/*0,2-"#2#&.%7,".2*#&'#'%(*+,+;'4#-2#C%&#+6)2*("#&1#C%&#&- O"-2*#.&#-"#)*2(&0'"#O"*0&#&'(*&#-21#"-+6&'(21 5#C%&#-"#6&B,-"#.&#"-+6&'(21#6&Q2*&#-"#,"-+7.".#.&#-"#)*2(&0'"#&'#%'"#,26+."#2#&'#-"#"-+7 6&'(",+;':#S-#K%".*2#Gf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a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11 110 Minerales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	%6"'":#d+&'7 (*"1# C%&# %'# -+(*2#.&# -&,9&# 9%6"'"#,2'(+&'& ^==# 6/#.&#,"-,+24# %'# -+(*2#.&# -&,9&#.&# O",",2'(+&'&# G H==# 6/:#!"#.+$&*&',+"# 1&#.&8&# " C%&#-"#O","#(+&'&#C%%6+'+1(*"*#-&,9&#"#1% (&*'&*2# C%&#,*&,&#,2'# 631# *")+.&B# C%&# %' '+V2#5#'&,&1+("#,"-,+2#&D(*"#)"*"#&'.%*&,&*#1% &1C%&-&(2#.&# *3)+.2#,*&,+6+&'(2:# I&# &6&Q"'(&4#-"#-&,9&#.&#,"1+#(2.21#-21#2(*21#"'+7 6"-&1#.26T1(+,21#(+&'&#%'#,2'(&'+.2#.&#,"-7,+2#6"52*#C%&#-"#-&,9	%6"'":#S1(2#'2#1+/7 '+$+,"4# 1+'# &68"*/24# C%&# %'# '+V2# &1("*0" 6&Q2*#"-+6&'(".2#,2'#-&,9&#.&#O","4#C%&#,2' -&,9"(&*'":#!"#-&,9&#.&#O","#)*2)2*,+2'" 631#,"-,+2#.&-#C%&#'&,&1+("#%'#'+V2:#\'#'+V2 J2#+',-%12#%'#8&8TM#C%&#(26"#/*"'.&1#,"'(+7.".&1#.&# -&,9&#.&# O","4# &D,*&("#,%"-C%+&* &D,&12#.&#,"-,+24#)2*#-2#,%"-#'2#")2*("#8&'&7 $+,+24#'+#"%6&'("#&-#,*&,+6+&'(2#.&-#'+V2#631 "--3#.&#-2#;)(+62:!21# )*2.%,(21# -3,(&214#,262# &-# C%&12# 5# &- 52/%*(#12'#("68+T'#$%&'(&1#*+,"1#.&#,"-,+2:#!21 )&C%&V21#)&,&1#."*#5#.&#*024#,262#-"1#1"*7.+'"1#5#"*&'C%&1#1%6+'+1(*"'#8%&'"1#,"'(+."7.&1#.&#,"-,+24# )%&1# )2*# -2# /&'&*"-# 1&#,26&' &'(&*214#,2'#9%&121#5#(2.2:#!21#)&,&1#)&C%&7 V21#1&,214#,2'2,+.21#,262#."/""#&'#-"#i&)?7 8-+,"#\'+."#.&#W"'B"'0"4#c")&'("#&'#j"68+"#5,9&-"#&'#-"#`'.+"#".+,+2'"'#,"-,+2#?(+-#"#-"#.+&(" JY2(2#G^M:#!"1#92*("-+B"1#5#-&/%68*&1#1%6+'+17
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13 112 Minerales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a2*(#&'#&-#U%*:#S-#,2'(&'+.2 )*26&.+2#.&# 9+&**2# &'# %'# ".%-(2# 1"'2# &1 *&-"(+O"6&'(&#)&C%&V"#&1#O+("-: 1&'(&#&'#-21#/-;8%-21#*2Q214#128*&#(2.2#,262,26)2'&'(&#.&#-"#9&62/-28+'":#_*"'#)"*(&.&-#*&1(2#1&#&',%&'(*"#&'#-"#6+2/-28+'"4#,267 )%&1(2#C%	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	+&**2#"-#.0"4#)2*#&D,*&,+;'#&'#-21#+'(&1(+7 '214#-"#2*+'"4#&-#1%.2*#2#"#(*"OT1#.&#-"#)T*.+.".&#,"8&--2#2#,T-%-"1#&)+(&-+"-&1#1%)&*$+,+"-&1: I&8+.2# "# C%&# &-# 9+&**2# 1&#,2'1&*O"4# -"1 '&,&1+.".&1# '%(*+,+2'"-&1#.&# -"1# 6%Q&*&1 )21(6&'2)3%1+,"1# 5# -21# O"*2'&1# 1"'21# 12' 6%5# )&C%&V"1:#!"1# 6%Q&*&1# &'# &.".# $T*(+-4 1+'#&68"*/24#.&8&'#*&&6)-"B"*#&-#9+&**2#)&*7.+.2#.%*"'(&# -"# 6&'1(*%",+;'# 5# &-# )"*(2# 5.&8&'#1"(+1$",&*#-"1#'&,&1+.".&1#".+,+2'"-&1.&-#&68"*"B2#5#-"#-",("',+":#!21#'+V21#(+&'&' *&-"(+O"6&'(&#'&,&1+.".&1#"-("1#.&8+.2#"#1% *3)+.2#,*&,+6+&'(24# C%&#,26)*26&(& "%6&'(21#'2#1;-2#&'#&-#("6"V2#,2*)2*"-#1+'2 ".&6314#&'#&-#O2-%6&'#1"'/%0'&2: O79-89.;/63G9-8/23/. S-#9+&**2#1&#&',%&'(*"#&'#%'"#O"*+&.".#.&#"-+7 6&'(21#.*+/&'#O&/&("-#5#"'+6"-:#!"1#$%&'7 (&1#.&#"-+6&'(21#*+,21#+',-%5&'#,"*'&#J&1)&7,+"-6&'(Z/".2M4#)&1,".24#9%&O214#-&/%67 8*&1#J+',-%5&'#%'"#O"*+&.".#.&#$*0Q2-&14#"*O&7 Q"1#5#2(*"1#-&/%6+'21"1M#5#92*("-+B"1#.\Q" O&*.&:#!21# /*"'21#.&#,&*&"-&14#,262# 6"0B4 "**2B#5#(*+/24#,2'(+&'&'#,"'(+.".&1#62.&*"7."1#.&# 9+&**24# )&*2#.&8+.2# "# C%&# T1(21#,2' $*&,%&',+"#12'#"-+6&'(21#831+,21#C%&#,2'7 1%6&'#&'#/*"'.&1#,"'(+.".&14#1%6+'+1(*"'#-" 6"52*#)"*(&#.&-#9+&**2#)"*"#6%,9"1#)&*127 '"1#&'#-21#)"01&1#&'#.&1"**2--2:#!"1#2--"1#.& 9+&**2#)"*"#,2,+'"*#)%&.&'#1&*#%'"#$%&'(&#.& &1(+'&*"-:!"#-&,9&4#&'#,2'(*"#.&#-"#'2,+;'#C%&#&1#&- Z"-+6&'(2# )&*$&,(2[4# &1# %'"# $%&'(&# )28*&.	+&**2:#!"#-&,9	%6"'"#,2'(+&'&#,&*,".&#H#6/#.	+&**2#)2*#-+(*2#5#-"#-&,9&#.&#O"," ")&'"1#-"#6+(".#.&#&1("#,+$*": "<.,203H-;@;78363K/03H-!"#"812*,+;'#.&-#9+&**2#1&#--&O"#"#,"82#128*& (2.2#&'#-"#)2*,+;'#1%)&*+2*#.&-#+'(&1(+'2#.&-7 /".2:#!"#6"52*0"#.&-#9+&**2#&'(*"#"-#(2**&'(&
14 Nutrición humana en el mundo en desarrollo 113,+*,%-"(2*+2#.+*&,("6&'(&# 5# '2# "# (*"OT1#.&- 1+1(&6"#-+'$3(+,2:#!"#&O+.&',+"#+'.+,"#C%&#-".&6"'."# $+1+2-;/+,"# *&/%-"4# 9"1("#,+&*(2 )%'(24#-"#"812*,+;':#!"1#)&*12'"1#C%&#(+&'&',"*&',+"#.	+&**24#(+&'.&'#"#"812*8&*#9+&**2 631#&$+,+&'(&6&'(#&'#6"52*&1#,"'(+.".&1 C%&#-"1#)&*12'"1#'2*6"-&1: g"*+21# 2(*21# $",(2*&1# "$&,("'# -"# "812*,+;'.	+&**2:#>2*#&Q&6)-24#-21#("'+'214#-21#$21$"7 (21#5#-21#$+("(21#&'#-21#"-+6&'(21#*&.%,&'#-" "812*,+;'#.&# 9+&**24# 6+&'(*"1# C%&# &-# 3,+.2 "1,;*8+,2#-"#"%6&'(":#X-/%'21#&1(%.+21#9"' +'.+,".2#C%&#-"#5&6"#.	%&O24#"#)&1"*#.%,2'(&'+.2#*&-"(+O"6&'(&#"-(2#.	+&**24#+'9+7 8&#-"#"812*,+;'#.	+&**2#k'2#1;-2#&-#9+&**2.&#-"#5&6"#.	%&O2#6+16"4#1+'2#".&631#-" "812*,+;'#.&-#9+&**2#&'#2(*21#"-+6&'(21:!"1#)&*12'"1#1"'"1#'2*6"-6&'(&#"812*8&' 1;-2#.&#A#"#G= )2*#,+&'(2#.&-#9+&**2#.%1#"-+7 6&'(214#6+&'(*"1#C%&#-"1#)&*12'"1#,2'#,"*&'7,+"#.	+&**2#)%&.&'#"812*8&*#&-#.28-&#.&#&1","'(+.".:#>2*#-2#("'(24#&'#%'"#.+&("#C%%6+7 '+1(*"#GA#6/#.	+&**24#%'"#)&*12'"#'2*6"- "812*8&*0"#.&#=4fA#"#G4A#6/#.	+&**24#)&*2#-" )&*12'"#,2'#,"*&',+"#.&# 9+&**2# "812*8&*0" 9"1("#^#6/:#!"#"812*,+;'#.	+&**2#,"1+#1+&67 )*&# "%6&'("#.%*"'(&# &-#,*&,+6+&'(2# 5# &- &68"*"B24#.&1)%T1#.&#%'"#9&62**"/+"#5#&' 2(*"1#,2'.+,+2'&1#&'#-"1#C%&#-"#.&6"'."#.& 9+&**2#&1#6"52*: S1#+6)2*("'(&#&-#9&,92#C%&#-"#.+1)2' ".#.	+&**2#O"*0"#"6)-+"6&'(&#&'#-21#"-+7 6&'(21:#!"#"812*,+;'#.&-#9+&**2#9&60'+,2#J.& -"# 1"'/*&M# &'# "-+6&'(21#.&# 2*+/&'# "'+6"- J,"*'&4# )&1,".2# 5# )2--21M# )2*# -2# /&'&*"-# &1 6%5#"-("4#6+&'(*"1#C%&#&-#9+&**2#'2#9&60'+,2.&#"-+6&'(21#,262#,&*&"-&14#92*("-+B"14#*"0,&1 5#$*%("1#1&#"812*8&#)28*&6&'(&: U+'# &68"*/24# -"1# )&*12'"1#,2'1%6&',26+."1#5#'2#%'#12-2#"-+6&'(2#&D,-%1+O24#5 %'"# )&C%&V"#,"'(+.".#.&# 9+&**2# 9&60'+,2 C%&# 1&# +'/+&*"#,2'# %'"#,26+."#.2'.&# -" 6"52*# )"*(&#.&-# 9+&**2# &1# '2# 9&60'+,24 "%6&'("*3# -"# "812*,+;'#.&# (2.2# &-# 9+&**2: >2*#-2#("'(24#1+#1&#"/*&/"#%'"#,"'(+.".#6%5 )&C%&V"#.	+&**2#9&60'+,24#C%+B31#.&#)&17,".2#2#,"*'&4#"#%'"#6&.+."#/*"'.&#.&#"**2B 2# 6"0B# C%&#,2'(+&'&# 9+&**2# '2# 9&60'+,24 *&1%-("*3# %'"# "812*,+;'# 6%,92# 6"52*#.&- 9+&**2#.&-#,&*&"-#831+,2:#U+#&1("#,26+."#("67 8+T'# +',-%5&# $*%("1# %# 92*("-+B"14# -" O+("6+'" K# &'# &--"1# "%6&'("*3# ("68+T'# -" "812*,+;'#.	+&**2:#U+'#&68"*/24#1+#1&#,2'7 1%6&#(T#,2'#&1"#,26+."4#&-#("'+'2#)*&1&'(& &'#&-#(T#*&.%,+*3#-"#"812*,+;'#.	+&**2: F909.34/49.!"1#'&,&1+.".&1#.+&(T(+,"1#.	+&**2#12'#,"1+.+&B# O&,&1# -21# *&C%&*+6+&'(21# $+1+2-;/+,21,2*)2*"-&1:#U+#%'#9268*#%'"#6%Q&*#)21(7 6&'2)3%1+,"#'2*6"-6&'("'214#*&C%+&*&' G#6/#.	+&**2#)2*#.0"4#.&8+.2#"#-"1#)T*.+."1.	+&**24#-"1#'&,&1+.".&1#.+&(T(+,"1#12'#"-*&7.&.2*#.&#G=#6/#)2*#.0":#S1("#*&,26&'.",+;' )&*6+(&#%'#8%&'#6"*/&'#.&/%*+.".4#)%&1 -"#"812*,+;'#"%6&'("#,2'#-"#'&,&1+.".:!"#)T*.+."#6&'1(*%"-#.	+&**2#1	"#,"-7,%-".2#&'#%'#)*26&.+2#("'#)&C%&V2#,262 G#6/#.+"*+2#.%*"'(&#%'#"V2#&'(&*2:#U&#*&,27 6+&'."#C%&#-"1#6%Q&*&1#&'#&.".#$T*(+-#,2'1%7 6"'#.+"*+"6&'(&#G<#6/#.	+&**2: I%*"'(&# &-# &68"*"B24# &-#,%&*)2# *&C%+&*& %'#)*26&.+2#.&#,"1+#G4A#6/#.	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	&62/-28+'"#J*&,%&'(2#"-(2#.&#/-;7 8%-21#*2Q21M#C%&#.&'26+'"#)2-+,+(&6+"4#5 1%6+'+1(*"#%'"#*&1&*O"#&D(*"#.	+&**2:#S1(& 9+&**24#Q%'(2#,2'#&-#C%&#)*2)2*,+2'"#-"#-&,9& 6"(&*'"4#&1#&'#/&'&*"-#1%$+,+&'(&#.%*"'(&#-21,%"(*2# "# 1&+1# )*+6&*21# 6&1&1#.&# O+."R#.&17 )%T14# 1&# 9",&# '&,&1"*+2# &-# ")2*(&# 9+&**2#.& 2(*21#"-+6&'(21:!21#)*&6"(%*21#5#2(*21#'+V21#,2'#8"Q2#)&12 "-#'",&*4#)%&.&'#(&'&*#6&'2*&1#*&1&*O"1#.& 9+&**2# 5# &',2'(*"*1&# &'# 6"52*# *+&1/2# C%& 2(*21:
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17 116 Minerales.+2#*&"-+B".2#)2*#&-#"%(2*#&'#W"'B"'0"4#*&O&7 -;#%'"#"-("#+',+.&',+"#.&#,"68+21#$-%2*;(+,21 &'# -21# 9%&121# J.&621(*".2# )2*# *".+2/*"$0"M &'#)&*12'"1#.&#&.".#C%&#'2*6"-6&'(&807 "'#"/%"#C%&#,2'(&'0"#631#.&#E#))6#.&#$-?2*: U+6+-"*&1# 9"--"B/21# 1&# 9"'#.&1,*+(2# &'# -" `'.+":#!"#$-%2*21+1#&1C%&-T(+,"#)%&.&#,"%1"* 1&*+21#.2-2*&1#5#/*"O&1#"'2*6"-+.".&1#;1&"1: S'F! S-#B+',#&1#%'#&-&6&'(2#&1&',+"-#&'#-"#'%(*+7,+;'#9%6"'"#5#1%#+6)2*("',+"#)"*"#-"#1"-%. 9"# *&,+8+.2# 6%,9"# "(&',+;'# *&,+&'(&6&'(&: S-# B+',# 1&# &',%&'(*"# &'# 6%,9"1# &'B+6"1 +6)2*("'(&1# 5# &1&',+"-&1# )"*"# &-# 6&(" :# S-#,%&*)2#.&# %'# ".%-(2# 9%6"'2# 1"'2,2'(+&'&#.&#H#"#^ /#.&#B+',#5#'&,&1+("#"-*&.&7.2*#.&# GA# 6/#.&# B+',#.+&(T(+,2# )2*#.0":#!" 6"52*0"#.&-#B+',#&'#&-#,%&*)2#1	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d>SM:!"#,"*&',+"#.&#B+',#&1#*&1)2'1"8-&#.&#%'" &'$&*6&.".#,2'/T'+("# *"*"#,2'2,+."#,262 ",*2.&*6"(+(+1# &'(&*2)3(+,"# C%&# *&1)2'.&# " -"# (&*")+"#,2'# B+',:# X-/%'21# )",+&'(&1# C%& *&,+8&'#(2.21#1%1#'%(*+&'(&1#)2*#O0"#&'.2O&7 '21"#.&1"**2--"'#-&1+2'&1#&'#-"#)+&-#C%&#("67 8+T'#*&1)2'.&'#"-#(*"("6+&'(2#.&#B+',:#S'#&- K&*,"'2# L*+&'(&4# )"*(+,%-"*6&'(&4# &'# -" i&)?8-+,"#`1-36+,"#.&#`*3'#5#&'#s/+)(24#1	".&1,*+(2#%'"#,2'.+,+;'#&'#-"#,%"-#".2-&1,&'7 (&1#2#'+V21#,"1+#".2-&1,&'(&1#12'#&'"'21#5#(+&7 '&'# /&'+("-&1# )2,2#.&1"**2--".21# 5# %'" )%8&*(".#("*.0"R#1	"#.+,92#C%&#&1(2#6&Q2*",2'#&-#(*"("6+&'(2#,2'#B+',:!"#,"*&',+"#.&#B+',#("68+T'#1	"#.&1,*+(2,262# 1&,%'."*+"# "4# 2#,262# )"*(&#.&# 2(*"1,2'.+,+2'&1#,262#d>S4#.+O&*121#)*28-&6"1.&# 6"-"812*,+;'4# "-, # +',-%5&'.2,+**21+1# 9&)3(+,"4# &'$&*6&.".&1# *&'"-&1# 5.&1;*.&'&1#6&("8;-+,21: %)#%*;DMD+DF)%*;)#"S" a%6&*2121#6+'&*"-&1#1&#&',%&'(*"'#)*&1&'7 (&1#&'#&-#,%&*)2#9%6"'2:#>"*"#-"#6"52*0"#.& -21#&-&6&'(21#(*"B"4#".&631#.&#-21#.+1,%(+7.21# "'(&14# '2# 9"5# )*%&8"1# C%&# 1%#,"*&',+" 1&"# *&1)2'1"8-&#.&# )*28-&6"1# +6)2*("'(&1."-%.#)?8-+,"#&'#'+'/%'"#)"*(&:#X-/%'21.&#&1(21#6+'&*"-&1#12'#6%5#+6)2*("'(&1#&' &-#6&(" #2#,262#,2'1(+(%5&'(&1#.&#-21 (&Q+.21#,2*)2*"-&1:#U	"'#&1(%.+".2#6%,921.&#&--214#5#1	"#.&1,*+(2#1%#C%06+,"#5#8+27 C%06+,":#U	"'#)*2.%,+.2#,"*&',+"1#&D)&*+7 6&'("-&1#&'#"'+6"-&1#.&#-"82*"(2*+24#)&*2#-" 6"52*0"#.&#-"1#.+&("1#9%6"'"14#+',-%1+O&#-"1.+&("1#.&$+,+&'(&14#'2#)"*&,&'#--&O"*#"#,"*&'7
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