2do Taller Regional sobre Geotermia Operación y Optimización de Campos Geotérmicos 4-7 Septiembre 2017, Costa Rica

Transcripción

1 2do Taller Regional sobre Geotermia Operación y Optimización de Campos Geotérmicos 4-7 Septiembre 2017, Costa Rica

2 Power Generation situation in LAC Share Electricity Generation in LAC (2013)* Share Generation: Non-Conventional RE (ERNC) 46% Petro 5% Gas Hidro ERNC 56,66% Wind 42,02% Geothermal 25% 17% 2% 4% 0% 1% 0% Nuclear Others Geothermal Solar thermal 1,24% 0,09% Solar photovoltaics Wind *Source: IEA and IDB analysis (2013)

3 Power Generation in Caribbean and Central America Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Nicaragua Panama 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Share of Electricity Generation in CA and Haiti % of total Generation* Petro Gas Hidro ERNC Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Wind Primary solid biofuels 0% Electricity generation in most countries in the Caribbean and some in Central America still depend on imported fuels (diesel and fuel oil) and Climate Change challenges make it necessary to find alternatives to hydro as main baseload renewable source. Source: IEA and IDB analysis (2013)

4 The Geothermal Electricity generation technology A clean and reliable source of energy Minimum carbon footprint: 122kg CO2/MWh (1/8 compared with coal) Small land footprint compared with other generation sources. Baseload generation: the power output can be accurately predicted Simple logistics: no mining or transportation of material associated after installation. Long term available resource Source: IMF 90% capacity factor

5 Geothermal Power and the IDB *CTF and **GCF Country Project Name Year Scope of the Project Source of Finance IDB JICA Other Costa Rica Guanacaste, 2015 Prod. well drilling, Plant & Trans Borinquen Costa Rica Miravalles 1985 Prod. well drilling, Plant & Trans El Salvador Berlin 1994 Prod. well drilling, Plant & Trans Bolivia Laguna Colorada 2015 Prod. well drilling, Plant & Trans TBD Chile Cerro Pabellon 2016 Prod. well drilling, Plant & Trans 30-10* 290 Mexico Geothermal Financing and Risk Transfer Program 2014 Exploration and test drilling, field development, prod. well drilling, Plant & Trans Nicaragua Cosigüina 2016 Exploration, Prod. well drilling, Plant & Transmission lines 54-54* 29-17* Nicaragua San Jacinto-Tizate 2010 Construction of Plant, Drilling of production and Injection wells Eastern Sustainable Energy 2015 & Exploration, Prod. well drilling, Caribbean Facility of the Eastern 2017 Plant & Transmission lines Caribbean * 80** 75

6 Challenges of Geothermal Energy The inability to determine the geological resource ex-ante (without drilling) High initial exploration costs Long maturity periods Share of cost by MW installed in Geothermal Power Plant* connection 10% Admin 5% Site costs 4% Exploration 2% Production wells 30% Lack of adequate regulatory frameworks Environmental and social permits Increased perception of risk among developers, governments and financial institutions power plant 38% injection system 11% *Source: R Henenberger

7 Geothermal Installed Capacity in LAC Country Field Installed (MW) Mexico 1,018 Cerro Prieto 720 Los Humeros 94 Los Azufres 194 Las tres Virgenes 10 Costa Rica 180 Miravalles 165 Boca Pozo 15 El Salvador 204 Ahuachapan 95 Berlin 109 Guatemala 52 Zunil I 28 Amatitlan 24 Nicaragua 159 Momotombo 77 San Jacinto 82 Guadaloupe 15 Bouillante 15 Mexico and Central America 1,613 MW Caribbean 15 MW

8 Geothermal Potential Capacity in LAC More than 8.8 GW of Geothermal potential identified This potential can be up to 70GW according to Geothermal Energy Association Country Potential MW Argentina 167 Bolivia 250 Chile 465 Colombia 380 Costa Rica 2,070 Dominica 100 Ecuador 570 Brazil 343 El Salvador 457 Guadaloupe 45 Guatemala 455 Honduras 190 Mexico 1,901 Montserrat 5 Nevis 10 Nicaragua 783 Panama 7 Peru 554 St Lucia 30 St Vincent 10 Total LAC 8,791 Identified Potential Geothermal generation LAC Colombia 4,32% Chile 4,83% Guatemala 5,18% El Salvador 5,20% Dominica Argentina 1,14% Guadaloupe Bolivia Honduras 1,90% 0,51% 2,84% 2,16% Brazil 3,90% Peru 6,30% Ecuador 6,48% Nicaragua 8,90% Costa Rica 23,55% Mexico 21,62%

9 Example of Geothermal initiatives led by IDB Sustainable Energy Facility (SEF) for the Eastern Caribbean Beneficiary Countries: Dominica Grenada St Kitts & Nevis St Vincent & Grenadines St Lucia

10 Geothermal Power at the IDB: A Partnership Vision US$ 1.6 Billion invested in LAC CORE Costa Rica, Bolivia, Nicaragua GDFLA LAC SEF SEF Mexico, Colombia, Nicaragua, Chile Eastern Caribbean, LAC GEF Studies for Colombia, Eastern Caribbean E-learning El Salvador

11 Training: Capacity building in Geothermal in LAC Training for Public & Private employees Utilizing local expertize in El Salvador - Collaboration with Nordic Developing Fund (NDF) - University of El Salvador - La Geo US$ 2 million Grant 137 experts 13 countries 5 geothermal training courses

12 Knowledge products

13 Thank You Christiaan Gischler