For EMTCT we have taken the following indicators:

Transcripción

1 RELEVANT DATA FROM COUNTRIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ON HIV/AIDS EPIDEMICS FOR THE ELIMINATION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION ON HIV (EMTCT) AND THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MDG 6 UPDATED DATA BY MARCH 2011 This document presents information on EMTCT and Millennium Development Goal 6. It presents data from countries in the Latin America and Caribbean Region, disaggregated by indicators on eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV in low- and middle-income countries and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. The tables and charts in this document were created using data taken from Children and AIDS. Fifth Stocktaking Report, Additional comments are provided in blue boxes. For EMTCT we have taken the following indicators: 1. Estimated adult HIV prevalence rate (%) (15-49 years old), end The estimated adult HIV prevalence rate is the percentage of adults (15-49 years old) living with HIV as of Antenatal Care Coverage (%) Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading. The antenatal care coverage is the percentage of women (15 49 years old) attended at least once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives). 3. Annual number of births, 2009 (thousands). The annual number of births is the estimated number of live births in Estimated number of HIV+positive pregnant women, The needs estimates are based on the methods described in the Annex. The estimates for individual countries may differ according to the estimation methods used. The estimated number of HIV+positive pregnant women is the estimated number of pregnant women living with HIV as of In the case of the Venezuela estimate, the estimates of the number of pregnant women living with HIV who need antiretrovirals for preventing mother-to-child transmission are currently being reviewed and will be adjusted, as appropriate, based on ongoing data collection and analysis> As a result, some countries have requested that only a range, or no needs estimates at all, be published. 5. Reported number of HIV+positive pregnant women who received ARVs for PMTCT, The reported number of HIV+positive pregnant women who received ARVs for PMTCT is the number of women testing HIV+positive during visits to antenatal clinics who were provided with antiretrovirals (ARVs) to prevent mother-to-child transmission. In the case of Argentina, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Suriname and Uruguay the reporting period is from January December For MDG Goal 6, we have taken the following indicators: 1. HIV prevalence among young people (15-24 years old), United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (2001) indicator. 2. Percentage of young people (15-24 years old) with multiple partners who used a condom at last sex ( ). United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (2001) indicator. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading. Data on Peru and Guatemala is based on small denominators (typically unweighted cases). 3. Percentage of young people (15-24 years old) who have comprehensive knowledge of HIV ( ). United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (2001) indicator. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading. 4. Orphan school attendance ratio ( ). United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (2001) indicator. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading. Orphan school attendance ratio: Percentage of children (10-14 years old) who have lost both biological parents and who are currently attending school as a percentage of non-orphaned children of the same age who live with at least one parent and who are attending school.

2 5. Estimated antiretroviral therapy coverage among children (percentage), December The coverage estimates are based on the estimated unrounded numbers of children receiving antiretroviral therapy and the estimated unrounded need for antiretroviral therapy (based on UNAIDS/WHO methodology). The ranges in coverage estimates are based on plausibility bounds in the denominator, that is, low and high estimates of need. 1. DATA FOR EMTCT: Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV in low- and middleincome countries Table 1 Estimated adult HIV prevalence rate (%) (15-49 years old), end 2009 Country Rate Belize 2.3 Haiti 1.9 Jamaica 1.7 Trinidad and Tobago 1.5 Barbados 1.4 Guyana 1.2 Suriname 1.0 Dominican Republic 0.9 Panama 0.9 El Salvador 0.8 Guatemala 0.8 Honduras 0.8 Argentina 0.5 Colombia 0.5 Uruguay 0.5 Chile 0.4 Ecuador 0.4 Peru 0.4 Costa Rica 0.3 Mexico 0.3 Paraguay 0.3 Bolivia 0.2 Nicaragua 0.2 Cuba 0.1 Antigua and Barbuda - Brazil - Dominica - Grenada - Saint Kitts and Nevis - Saint Lucia - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Venezuela - 2

3 Chart 1: Estimated adult HIV prevalence rate (%) (15-49 years old), end 2009 Cuba Nicaragua Bolivia Paraguay Mexico Costa Rica Peru Ecuador Chile Uruguay Colombia Argentina Honduras Guatemala El Salvador Panama Dominican Republic Suriname Guyana Barbados Trinidad and Tobago Jamaica Haiti Belize Rate There is no data available for Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Venezuela. Only the Honduran HIV epidemic has reversed it course meaning that the annual number of new infections is lower than the annual AIDS death rate. 3

4 Table 2 Antenatal Care Coverage (%) Country Rate Antigua and Barbuda 100 Barbados 100 Cuba 100 Dominica 100 Grenada 100 Saint Kitts and Nevis 100 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 100 Argentina 99 Dominican Republic 99 Saint Lucia 99 Brazil 97 Paraguay 96 Trinidad and Tobago 96 Uruguay 96 Belize 94 Colombia 94 El Salvador 94 Mexico 94 Peru 94 Guatemala 93 Guyana 92 Honduras 92 Jamaica 91 Costa Rica 90 Nicaragua 90 Suriname 90 Bolivia 86 Haiti 85 Chile - Ecuador - Panama - Venezuela - 4

5 Chart 2: Antenatal Care Coverage (%) Haiti Bolivia Suriname Nicaragua Costa Rica Jamaica Honduras Guyana Guatemala Peru Mexico El Salvador Colombia Belize Uruguay Trinidad and Tobago Paraguay Brazil Saint Lucia Dominican Republic Argentina Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Kitts and Nevis Grenada Dominica Cuba Barbados Antigua and Barbuda Rate There is no data available for Chile, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela. There is an effort to improve ANC coverage with integration of EMTCT. 5

6 Table 3 Annual number of births, 2009 (thousands) Country Number Brazil 3026 Mexico 2021 Colombia 917 Argentina 691 Peru 605 Venezuela 600 Guatemala 456 Ecuador 279 Haiti 274 Bolivia 262 Chile 252 Dominican Republic 224 Honduras 202 Paraguay 154 Nicaragua 140 El Salvador 125 Cuba 116 Costa Rica 76 Panama 70 Jamaica 52 Uruguay 50 Trinidad and Tobago 20 Guyana 13 Suriname 10 Belize 7 Barbados 3 Saint Lucia 3 Grenada 2 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 Antigua and Barbuda 1 Dominica 1 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 6

7 Chart 3: Annual number of births, 2009 (thousands) St. Kitts and Nevis Dominica Antigua and Barbuda St. Vincent and the Grenadines Grenada Saint Lucia Barbados Belize Suriname Guyana Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Jamaica Panama Costa Rica Cuba El Salvador Number Nicaragua Paraguay Honduras Dominican Republic Chile Bolivia Haiti Ecuador Guatemala Venezuela Peru Argentina Colombia Mexico Brazil

8 Table 4 Estimated number of HIV-positive pregnant women, 2009 Country Estimate Low estimate High estimate Brazil Haiti Mexico Colombia - < Dominican Republic - < Guatemala - < Argentina - < Peru - < Honduras - < Chile - <500 <1000 Ecuador - <500 <1000 El Salvador - <500 <1000 Jamaica - <200 <1000 Panama - <200 <1000 Belize - <200 <500 Bolivia - <200 <500 Paraguay - <200 <500 Guyana - <100 <500 Nicaragua - <100 <500 Uruguay - <100 <500 Costa Rica - <100 <200 Cuba - <100 <200 Suriname - <100 <200 Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Dominica Grenada Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela

9 Table 5 Reported number of HIV-positive pregnant women who received ARVs for PMTCT, 2009 Country Number Brazil 5988 Haiti 2960 Argentina 2039 Dominican Republic 949 Peru 550 Colombia 519 Ecuador 477 Guatemala 440 Jamaica 379 Honduras 255 Venezuela 233 Guyana 183 El Salvador 170 Paraguay 148 Mexico 124 Chile 121 Panama 118 Bolivia 105 Nicaragua 91 Suriname 83 Uruguay 70 Belize 63 Cuba 50 Costa Rica 31 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 14 Saint Lucia 6 Grenada 2 Dominica 2 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 Trinidad and Tobago - Barbados - Antigua and Barbuda - 9

10 Chart 4: Reported number of HIV-positive pregnant women who received ARVs for PMTCT, 2009 St. Vincent and the Grenad. Number St. Kitts and Nevis Dominica Grenada Saint Lucia Costa Rica Cuba Belize Uruguay Suriname Nicaragua Bolivia Panama Chile Mexico Paraguay El Salvador Guyana Venezuela Honduras Jamaica Guatemala Ecuador Colombia Peru Dominican Republic Argentina Haiti Brazil There is no data available for Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago. Only slightly more than 50% of the women who need ARVs received such treatment 10

11 2. DATA FOR MDG GOAL 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases MDG GOAL 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target 6a: Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS 6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged years 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex 6.3 Proportion of population aged years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of nonorphans aged years Target 6b: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it 6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs Target 6c: Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases 6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria 6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets 6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs 6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis 6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course 11

12 6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged years Table 6 HIV prevalence among young people (15-24 years old), 2009 Country Male (%) Female (%) Belize Haiti Barbados Guyana Jamaica Trinidad and Tobago Dominican Republic Suriname Guatemala El Salvador Panama Argentina Honduras Uruguay Ecuador Chile Colombia Costa Rica Mexico Paraguay Peru Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Cuba Nicaragua Antigua and Barbuda - - Brazil - - Dominica - - Grenada - - Saint Kitts and Nevis - - Saint Lucia - - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

13 Chart 5: HIV prevalence among young people (15-24 years old), 2009 Nicaragua Cuba Bolivia Peru Paraguay Mexico Costa Rica Colombia Chile Ecuador Uruguay Honduras Argentina Female (%) Male (%) Panama El Salvador Guatemala Suriname Dominican Republic Trinidad and Tobago Jamaica Guyana Barbados Haiti Belize There is no data available for Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Venezuela. Several epidemics are shifting into a more heterosexual epidemic with more women becoming infected. 13

14 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex Table 7 Percentage of young people (15-24 years old) with multiple partners who used a condom at last sex ( ) Country Male Female Suriname - 80 Trinidad and Tobago - 67 Paraguay - 51 Peru - 38 Colombia - 36 Dominican Republic Guatemala - 27 Honduras - 27 Haiti Guyana 62 - Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 41 - Antigua and Barbuda - - Argentina - - Barbados - - Belize - - Brazil - - Chile - - Costa Rica - - Cuba - - Dominica - - Ecuador - - El Salvador - - Grenada - - Jamaica - - Mexico - - Nicaragua - - Panama - - Saint Kitts and Nevis - - Saint Lucia - - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - - Uruguay - - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

15 Chart 6: Percentage of young people (15-24 years old) with multiple partners who used a condom at last sex ( ) Bolivia Guyana Haiti Honduras Guatemala Dominican Republic Female Male Colombia Peru Paraguay Trinidad and Tobago Suriname There is no data available for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Uruguay, Venezuela. Not all the countries represented in the chart have data for both males and females. Data-gathering should be improved to compare male-female ratios. Data suggest that condom use is low. 15

16 6.3 Proportion of population aged years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS Table 8 Percentage of young people (15-24 years old) who have comprehensive knowledge of HIV ( ) Country Male Female Jamaica - 60 Trinidad and Tobago - 54 Cuba - 52 Guyana - 50 Dominican Republic Suriname - 41 Belize - 40 Haiti Honduras - 30 El Salvador - 27 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Peru - 19 Antigua and Barbuda - - Argentina - - Barbados - - Brazil - - Chile - - Colombia - - Costa Rica - - Dominica - - Ecuador - - Grenada - - Guatemala - - Mexico - - Nicaragua - - Panama - - Paraguay - - Saint Kitts and Nevis - - Saint Lucia - - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - - Uruguay - - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

17 Chart 7: Percentage of young people (15-24 years old) who have comprehensive knowledge of HIV ( ) Peru Bolivia (Plurinational State of) El Salvador Honduras Haiti Belize Suriname Female Male Dominican Republic Guyana Cuba Trinidad and Tobago Jamaica There is no data available for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Uruguay and Venezuela. Not all the countries represented in the chart have data for both males and females. More reliable data disaggregated by gender is needed. Data suggest that knowledge levels are low. 17

18 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged years Table 9 Orphan school attendance ratio ( ) Country Ratio Honduras 108 Haiti 86 Colombia 85 Dominican Republic 77 Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina - Barbados - Belize - Bolivia (Plurinational State of) - Brazil - Chile - Costa Rica - Cuba - Dominica - Ecuador - El Salvador - Grenada - Guatemala - Guyana - Jamaica - Mexico - Nicaragua - Panama - Paraguay - Peru - Saint Kitts and Nevis - Saint Lucia - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Suriname - Trinidad and Tobago - Uruguay - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic - of) 18

19 Chart 8: Orphan school attendance ratio ( ) Ratio Honduras Haiti Colombia Dominican Republic There is no data available for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. 19

20 6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs Table 10 Estimated antiretroviral therapy coverage among children (percentage), December 2009 Country Estimate Low estimate High estimate Argentina - >95 >95 Uruguay - 81 >95 Panama - 79 >95 Suriname - 74 >95 Brazil - 65 >95 Jamaica - 52 >95 Mexico - 50 >95 Paraguay - 49 >95 Ecuador - 39 >95 Peru - 36 >95 Costa Rica - 33 >95 Guyana Dominican Republic Honduras Nicaragua Guatemala Belize Cuba Chile Haiti El Salvador Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Colombia Dominica Grenada Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

21 Chart 9: Estimated antiretroviral therapy coverage among children (percentage), December 2009 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) El Salvador Haiti Chile Cuba Belize Guatemala Nicaragua Honduras Dominican Republic Guyana Costa Rica Peru High estimate Low estimate Estimate Ecuador Paraguay Mexico Jamaica Brazil Suriname Panama Uruguay Argentina There is no data available for Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela. Percentages around 95% refer to >95%. Countries with successful EMTCT programmes have led to higher antiretroviral therapy coverage rates among children. 21