AHORA ES EL MEJOR MOMENTO PARA APRENDER Y DISFRUTAR DE INGLÉS!

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2 AHORA ES EL MEJOR MOMENTO PARA APRENDER Y DISFRUTAR DE INGLÉS! Los contenidos de esta Guía son propiedad del Centro De Idiomas Americano. Queda estrictamente prohibida la reproducción parcial o total, sin el permiso correspondiente Welcome to CIA English Guide for Beginners. If you downloaded this guide it is probably because you want to learn English. Congratulations you have taken a wise decision! becoming bilingual nowadays can help you to improve your job opportunities and education. Besides, you get a wider vision of the world around you This short guide to learn English for beginners was created with the objective of compelling the basic structures of the English language, so you can learn and understand them more easily. This guide has different tenses and vocabulary related to the most common and basic topics of the learning process, in this way you can quickly find short references when you are studying. Be sure to practice the structures and vocabulary from this guide and surely you will become better and better in your studies. Remember that this guide IS NOT an English course like the ones we teach here at our institution. We provide you with this information in order to make you feel more comfortable about the English language process and also to help you find an easy way to understand the language and its structures. We hope you enjoy this short guide and find this information useful for your future. RIGHT NOW IS THE BEST TIME TO LEARN AND ENJOY ENGLISH! The contents of this guide are the property of the Centro de Idiomas Americano. Total or partial reproduction without permission is strictly prohibited Los contenidos de esta Guía son propiedad del Centro De Idiomas Americano. Queda estrictamente prohibida la reproducción parcial o total, sin el permiso correspondiente. English tenses. (Tiempos Gramaticales)

3 Los tiempos gramaticales en ingles empiezan con las formas más básicas del presente, pasado y el futuro. Luego se hablan de los tiempos continuos y los tiempos perfectos que expresan ideas más precisas en diferentes contextos. En esta guía abordaremos brevemente cada uno de ellos. 1. Verb To be. El verbo To Be se utiliza principalmente con lugares y para referirse a cualidades. Su significado es SER o ESTAR Pronouns (pronombres personales) + Verbo To be I = Yo You= Tu HE = Ella She= Ella It= Esto We = Nosotros You(Plural)= Ustedes They = Ellos I AM (Yo soy/estoy) Negativos: AM NOT YOU ARE ( Tu Eres/estás) HE/SHE/IT IS (Él/Ella/Esto es/está) Contraccciones: AREN T ISN T THEY ARE (Ellos son/están) YOU ARE (Plural) (Ustedes son/están) WE ARE= (Nosotros somos/estamos) Examples: She is beautiful (Ella es Hermosa) We are in Medellín (Estamos en Medellín) He Isn t here (Ella no está aquí) Pregunta (Question): Are they happy? ( Están ellos felices?) 2. Simple present (presente simple) El presente simple se utiliza para hablar de rutinas o hechos generales (el sol sale por el este, la tierra gira alrededor del sol etc) Affirmativa: Sujeto + Verbo + complemento Ejemplo: She walks everyday (ella camina todos los días) The sun rises from the east (El sol sale por el este)

4 NOTA: Recuerda agregar S o ES cuando se utilizan los pronombres HE/SHE/IT. Se agrega ES cuando los verbos (acciones) terminan en los sonidos SS (Pass = Passses) CH (Catch = Catches) SH (Wash= Washes) Z (Frezee= Frezees) X (Fix= Fixes). Negativa: Sujeto +Do/Does(auxiliares del presente)+ Verbo + complemento He doesn t want to eat vegetables (Él no quiere comer vegetales) We don t like to wait (No nos gusta esperar) Nota: Se utiliza DO con I, You, We, They y Does con He, She, IT Interrogativa. Sus contracciones son DON T y DOESN T. DO/DOES + Sujeto+ Verbo+ Complemento +? (Question Mark) Do you work here? (Trabajas aquí?) Does she wear jeans? (Se pone ella jeans?) 3. Simple Past. El pasado simple se usa para hablar de acciones finalizadas en el pasado. Afirmativa. Sujeto + Verbo en pasado simple + complemento I went to Paris last month (Fui a parís el mes pasado) Nota: hay dos clases de verbos en pasado IREGULARES y REGULARES. Los REGULARES terminan con ED ( Play = Played) y los IRREGULARES cambian completamente su raíz. (Go = Went). Al final de la guía adjuntamos una lista de verbos con sus respectivas formas irregulares. Negativa. Sujeto + DID+ NOT + Verbo + complemento She did not buy her lunch. (Ella no compró su almuerzo) Nota: La forma contraída de DID NOT es DIDN T.

5 Interrogativa DID+ Sujeto + Verbo + complemento+? Did you enjoy that movie? ( Te gustó la pelicula?) 4. Simple Future. (Futuro Con Will y Be going to) El futuro con WILL se usa para hablar de predicciones y el futuro con BE GOING TO se usa para eventos que se prevén con 100% de certeza en el futuro. Afirmativa. Sujeto + Will + Verbo + complemento They probably will travel to Africa next December. (Ellos probablemente viajaran a África el próximo diciembre) Sujeto + verbo To Be+ Going to+ Verbo+ Complemento We are going to stay at the Royal Hotel Tonight. Negativa Sujeto + Will + Not + Verbo + complemento I won t spend money on clothes. (No gastaré dinero en ropa) Nota: la contracción de WILL NOT es WON T. Sujeto + Verbo To Be + NOT+ Verbo + complemento You are not going to take the car tomorrow. (No te vas a llevar el carro mañana) Interrogativa. Will+ Sujeto + Verbo + complemento+? Will it rain today? ( Lloverá hoy?) Verbo To Be + sujeto + Going To +Verbo + complement +? Is he going to bring his sister to the party? ( Va el a traer a su Hermana a la fiesta?) Continuos tenses. (Tiempos continuos)

6 5. Present Continuos. El presente continuo se utiliza para hablar de eventos que están ocurriendo en este preciso momento. Es común ver palabras como Right now (ahora) today (hoy) This year (este año)etc acompañando estas oraciones. Afirmativa. Sujeto + verbo To Be + Verbo + ING +complemento The nurse is helping the patient right now. (La enfermera está ayudando el paciente en este momento) Negativa Sujeto + verbo To Be +NOT+ Verbo + ING +complemento They aren t taking part in the meeting. (Ellos no están participando en la reunión) Interrogativa. Verbo To Be+ Sujeto+ + Verbo + ING +complemento? Is she writing a letter to her father? ( Le está escribiendo ella una carta a su padre? 6. Past continuos. El pasado continuo se utiliza para hablar de acciones prolongadas que se interrumpieron por otra acción del pasado. Van acompañadas de las expresiones WHEN (Cuando) o WHILE (mientras) Afirmativa Sujeto + verbo To Be en pasado + Verbo + ING +complemento I was at the park when my brother called me. (Yo estaba en el parque cuando mi hermano llamó) Nota: La forma del verbo TO Be en pasado es WAS para I/She/He/IT y WERE para You/We/They Negativa. Sujeto + verbo To Be en pasado + NOT+ Verbo + ING +complemento

7 He wasn t watching T.V while his friend was talking on the phone. (Él no estaba viendo televisión mientras su amigo estaba hablando por teléfono) Interrogativa Verbo To Be en pasado + Sujeto + Verbo + ING +complemento? Were they having lunch when the other team arrived? ( Estaban ellos almorzando cuando el otro equipo llegó?) 7. Future Continuos. (Futuro Continuo) El futuro continuo se utiliza para hablar de acciones que podrían ser interrumpidas en el futuro por otra acción. Afirmativa Sujeto + WILL + BE+ Verbo + ING + complement. I will be flying on a plane when you leave the event. (Estaré volando en un aeropuerto cuando salgas del evento) Negative. Sujeto + WILL+ NOT + BE+ Verbo + ING + complement. The seller won t be asking for the money when you come to the store. (El vendedor no estará pidiendo el dinero cuando llegues a la tienda) Interrogativa. WILL + Sujeto+ BE + Verbo + ING + complement+? Will she be reading a novel when the train arrives? ( Estará ella leyendo una novela cuando el tren llegue?) Perfect Tenses (Tiempos Perfectos) Presente Perfecto El presente perfecto es usado para hablar de experiencia en tiempo indefinido. Se utiliza el verbo HAVE (Haber) para construir esta estructura. Afirmativa Sujeto + HAVE or HAS+ Verbo en pasado participio + complemento

8 We have bought new clothes for everyone. (hemos comprador ropas nuevas para todos) Nota: Los verbos en pasado participio se encuentran tanto en REGULARES e IRREGULARES de igual manera que los verbos en pasado. Es importante recordar que HAVE en este contexto significa HABER y no TENER. La forma HAS es usada para los sujetos He/ She /IT Al final de la guía se adjunta una lista con algunos de los verbos más importantes. Negativa Sujeto + HAVE (HAS)+ NOT+ Verbo en pasado participio + complemento He has taken his girlfriend to the theater. (Él no ha llevado a su novia al teatro) Interrogativa. HAVE (HAS) + Sujeto + Verbo en pasado participio + complemento Has she ever ridden a bicycle? (Ha ella alguna vez montado en bicicleta?) Past Perfect (Pasado Perfecto) El pasado perfecto expresa la idea de que algo sucedió antes de que alguna acción más en el pasado. Puede mostrar además que algo pasó antes de un tiempo específico en el pasado. La contracción para el pasado perfecto es HADN T Afirmativa. Sujeto + HAD+ Verbo en pasado participio + complemento We had already gotten better when the ambulance arrived. (Nosotros nos habíamos ya mejorado cuando la ambulancia llegó) Negativa. Sujeto + HAD+ NOT+ Verbo en pasado participio + complemento They hadn t carried the furniture into the building when the janitor came. (Ellos no habían entrado los muebles cuando el conserje llegó) Interrogativa. HAD+ Sujeto + Verbo en pasado participio + complemento +?

9 Had she used the computer before the lights went out? ( Había ella usado el computador antes de que se apagaran las luces?) Future Perfect (Futuro Perfecto) El futuro Perfecto expresa la idea de que algo ocurrirá antes de otra acción en el futuro. También puede mostrar que algo ocurrirá antes de un tiempo específico en el futuro. Afirmativa. Sujeto + WILL+ HAVE+ verbo en pasado participio + Complemento. By the time I save enough money to buy a new car, I will have changed my job. (En el momento en el que ahorre suficiente dinero para comprar un carro nuevo, yo habré cambiado mi trabajo) Negativa Sujeto + WILL+ NOT (WON T)+HAVE+ verbo en pasado participio + Complemento. She won t have graduated from college by the time her child is 5 years old.(ella se habrá graduado en el momento en que su hijo cumpla 5 años de edad. Interrogativa WILL + Sujeto + HAVE+ verbo en pasado participio + Complemento+? Will you have cooked lunch by the time I get home? ( Habrás preparado el almuerzo para cuando llegue?) NOTA: La expresión By the time es usada en este tiempo gramatical, generalmente para hablar de un evento que sucederá antes de otro, su traducción en En el momento en que

10 LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES INFINITIVO PASADO SIMPLE PARTICIPIO PASADO TRADUCCIÓN Arise Arose Arisen Surgir, Levantarse Awake Awoke Awoken Despertarse Be/ am, are, is Was / Were Been Ser / Estar Bear Bore Borne / Born Soportar, dar a luz Beat Beat Beaten Golpear Become Became Become Llegar a Ser Begin Began Begun Empezar Bend Bent Bent Doblar Bet Bet Bet Apostar Bind Bound Bound Atar, encuadernar Bid Bid Bid Pujar Bite Bit Bitten Morder Bleed Bled Bled Sangrar Blow Blew Blown Soplar Break Broke Broken Romper Breed Bred Bred Criar Bring Brought Brought Traer Llevar Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Radiar Build Built Built Edificar Burn Burnt /Burned Burnt / Burned Quemar Burst Burst Burst Reventar Buy Bought Bought Comprar Cast Cast Cast Arrojar Catch Caught Caught Coger Come Came Come Venir Cost Cost Cost Costar Cut Cut Cut Cortar Choose Chose Chosen Elegir Cling Clung Clung Agarrarse

11 Creep Crept Crept Arrastrarse Deal Dealt Dealt Tratar Dig Dug Dug Cavar Do (Does) Did Done Hacer Draw Drew Drawn Dibujar Dream Dreamt / Dreamed Dreamt / Dreamed Soñar Drink Drank Drunk Beber Drive Drove Driven Conducir Eat Ate Eaten Comer Fall Fell Fallen Caer Feed Fed Fed Alimentar Feel Felt Felt Sentir Fight Fought Fought Luchar Find Found Found Encontrar Flee Fled Fled Huir Fly Flew Flown Volar Forbid Forbade Forbidden Prohibir Forget Forgot Forgotten Olvidar Forgive Forgave Forgiven Perdonar Freeze Froze Frozen Helar Get Got Got / Gotten Obtener Give Gave Given Dar Go (Goes) Went Gone Ir Grow Grew Grown Crecer Grind Ground Ground Moler Hang Hung Hung Colgar Have Had Had Haber o Tener Hear Heard Heard Oir Hide Hid Hidden Ocultar Hit Hit Hit Golpear Hold Held Held Agarrar Celebrar Hurt Hurt Hurt Herir Keep Kept Kept Conservar

12 Know Knew Known Saber Conocer Kneel Knelt Knelt Arrodillarse Knit Knit Knit Hacer punto Lay Laid Laid Poner Lead Led Led Conducir Lean Leant Leant Apoyarse Leap Leapt Leapt Brincar Learn Learnt / Learned Learnt / Learned Aprender Leave Left Left Dejar Lend Lent Lent Prestar Let Let Let Permitir Lie Lay Lain Echarse Light Lit Lit Encender Lose Lost Lost Perder Make Made Made Hacer Mean Meant Meant Significar Meet Met Met Encontrar Mistake Mistook Mistaken Equivocar Overcome Overcame Overcome Vencer Pay Paid Paid Pagar Put Put Put Poner Read Read Read Leer Ride Rode Ridden Montar Ring Rang Rung Llamar Rise Rose Risen Levantarse Run Ran Run Correr Say Said Said Decir See Saw Seen Ver Seek Sought Sought Buscar Sell Sold Sold Vender Send Sent Sent Enviar Set Set Set Poner(se) Sew Sewed Sewed / Sewn Coser Shake Shook Shaken Sacudir

13 Shear Shore Shorn Esquilar Shine Shone Shone Brillar Shoot Shot Shot Disparar Show Showed Shown Mostrar Shrink Shrank Shrunk Encogerse Shut Shut Shut Cerrar Sing Sang Sung Cantar Sink Sank Sunk Hundir Sit Sat Sat Sentarse Sleep Slept Slept Dormir Slide Slid Slid Resbalar Smell Smelt Smelt Oler Sow Sowed Sowed / Sown Sembrar Speak Spoke Spoken Hablar Speed Sped Sped Acelerar Spell Spelt Spelt Deletrear Spend Spent Spent Gastar Spill Spilt / Spilled Spilt / Spilled Derramar Spin Spun Spun Hilar Spit Spat Spat Escupir Split Split Split Hender / partir / rajar Spoil Spoilt / Spoiled Spoilt / Spoiled Estropear Spread Spread Spread Extender Spring Sprang Sprung Saltar Stand Stood Stood Estar en pie Steal Stole Stolen Robar Stick Stuck Stuck Pegar Engomar Sting Stung Stung Picar Stink Stank/Stunk Stunk Apestar Stride Strode Stridden Dar zancadas Strike Struck Struck Golpear Swear Swore Sworn Jurar Sweat Sweat Sweat Sudar

14 Sweep Swept Swept Barrer Swell Swelled Swollen Hinchar Swim Swam Swum Nadar Swing Swung Swung Columpiarse Take Took Taken Coger Teach Taught Taught Enseñar Tear Tore Torn Rasgar Tell Told Told Decir Think Thought Thought Pensar Throw Threw Thrown Arrojar Tirar Thrust Thrust Thrust Introducir Tread Trod Trodden Pisar, hollar Understand Understood Understood Entender Undergo Underwent Undergone Sufrir Undertake Undertook Undertaken Emprender Wake Woke Woken Despertarse Wear Wore Worn Llevar puesto Weave Wove Woven Tejer Weep Wept Wept Llorar Wet Wet Wet Mojar Win Won Won Ganar Wind Wound Wound Enrollar Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn Retirarse Wring Wrung Wrung Torcer Write Wrote Written Escribir Source: LISTA DE VERBOS REGULARES. Nº PRESENT PAST MEANING 1 Accept Accepted Aceptar 2 Admire Admired Admirar 3 Allow Allowed Permitir 4 Answer Answered Responder / Contestar 5 Appear Appeared Aparecer 6 Arrive Arrived Llegar 7 Ask Asked Preguntar

15 8 Attack Attacked Atacar 9 Behave Behaved Comportarse 10 Belong Belonged Pertenecer 11 Bless Blessed Bendecir 12 Book Booked Reservar 13 Brush Brushed Cepillar 14 Burn Burned Quemar 15 Bury Buried Enterrar 16 Call Called Llamar 17 Challenge Challenged Desafiar 18 Change Changed Cambiar 19 Check Checked Verificar / Comprobar 20 Claim Claimed Reclamar 21 Clean Cleaned Limpiar 22 Close Closed Cerrar 23 Compare Compared Comparar 24 Complete Completed Completar 25 Cook Cook Cocinar 26 Correct Corrected Corregir 27 Count Counted Contar 28 Dance Danced Bailar 29 Decorate Decorated Decorar 30 Destroy Destroyed Destruir 31 Dream Dreamed Soñar 32 Dry Dried Secar 33 Educate Educated Educar 34 End Ended Finalizar 35 Escape Escaped Escapar 36 Explain Explained Explicar 37 Finish Finished Terminar 38 Follow Followed Seguir / Continuar 39 Grease Greased Engrasar 40 Guess Guessed Adivinar 41 Happen Happened Suceder 42 Help Helped Ayudar 43 Interest Interested Interesar 44 Invent Invented Inventar 45 Jump Jumped Saltar 46 Kill Killed Matar 47 Like Liked Gustar 48 Listen Listened Escuchar 49 Look Looked Mirar 50 Need Needed Necesitar

16 51 Open Opened Abrir 52 Paint Painted Pintar 53 Remember Remembered Recordar 54 Search Searched Buscar 55 Smile Smiled Sonreir 56 Talk Talked Hablar / Charlar 57 Use Used Usar 58 Visit Visited Visitar 59 Wait Waited Esperar 60 Walk Walked Caminar 61 Want Wanted Querer Source: TEST. During this test you can check the knowledge you have gained by reading this guide. Take half an hour to resolve it; there are 30 questions with multiple choices to check your progress. The answers are at the end of the test. Good Luck! Con este test puedes revisar el conocimiento que has adquirido con la lectura de esta guía. Utiliza media hora para contestarlo y medir tu progreso.; hay 30 preguntas de opción múltiple para medir tu progreso. Las respuestas están al final del test. Buena suerte! 1. Is Louis mad? a. Yes, it s. b. No, he isn t. c. No, he is. d. Yes, he s. 2. The boys very noisy. d. ren t 3. Is the dog sick? a. Yes, it s. b. No, it s. c. No, isn t. d. Yes, it is. a. Is not b. Aren t c. Isn t 4. Time expression used in present progressive tense.

17 a. Last year. b. Tomorrow. c. 3 weeks ago. d. Now. 5. Peter his homework right now. a. is doing b. did c. was doing d. done 6. you overtime tonight? Yes, I. a. Do study do. b. Are playing am. c. Yes, she do. d. No, she aren t. 9. Does Peter go to school everyday? a. No, he does not. b. No, he don t. c. No, he isn t. d. Yes, she was. 10. My grandparents at home in the morning. a. were not b. was not c. no were d. not were c. Did talk did. d. Are working am. 7. Do you live in Rome? a. Yes, I do. b. Yes, I am. c. Yes, I am live in Rome. d. No, I am. 8. Does Anna study English? a. Yes, she does. b. Yes, she is. 11. Michael at the beach on Sunday? a. Were--Saturday b. Was--afternoon c. Were--tomorrow d. Was--moorning 12. My uncle and my aunt at the movies. a. Were--a day after tomorrow

18 b. Were--tomorrow c. Were--three days ago d. Was--last week 13. The children at the park yesterday. a. was playing b. wear playing c. were playing d. were playin 14. My parents and my sister cleaning up the house last week a. did not b. were not c. wasen t d. were nat 15. the students the car in the garage a day before? a. Where--washin b. Were--washing c. Wear--washing d. Was--washes 16. My friends and I to the movies last weekend. a. are going b. went c. didn t went d. go 17. What does How s it going mean? a. Something that it s passing. b. Something to greet people. c. Something that it s good. d. Something to ask the time. 18. According to the conversation: Did Edward get fun? a.yes, he does. b.no, he didn t. c.yes, he did. d.no, he doesn t. 19. What s the right answer for this question: Will you clean your room? a. Yes, I did. b. Yes, I have cleaned my room. c. I am tired, I won t do it. d. No, I wasn t. 20. What s the correct sentence? a. She going to buy some snacks. b. She is not going buy some snacks.

19 c. She is goes to buy some snacks. d. She is going to buy some snacks. 21. According to the text, the phrase never mind is close in meaning to: a. It doesn t matter. b. Good luck. c. See you later. d. Congratulations! 24. Have you ever been to London? a.yes, I was. b.yes, I have. c.yes, I did. d.no, they did. 25. What s the correct sentence? a. I had leave my computer on the table. b. I had leaved my computer on the table. c. I hasn t left my computer on the table. 22. Has Richard washed his car? a. No, he hasn t washed it for months. b. No, he washed it yesterday. c. No, he didn t. d. Yes, they do. 23. Have you seen this movie before? a.yes, I did. b.yes, I have. c.yes, I do. d.no, she does. d. I had left my computer on the table. 26. According to the text, what s the correct answer for this question: How did you know that somebody had taken your computer? a. Because I had bought it yesterday! b. Because I had saved money to buy it. c. Because I had left the computer on the table, and it wasn t there anymore. d. Because I had taken a taxi to get home early.

20 27. The expression what a shame! means: a. Feeling really sorry. b. Nice to meet you. c. You ought go to bed and take a nap. d. You ought to go to bed and rest. c. That s great! d. Let s go to the police station. 28. The boys are preparing a birthday cake because a. They like cakes. b. It s her mother s cake. c. They are her mother s ingredients. d. It s their mother s birthday. 29. Why are they in a hurry? a. Because their mom will gets back soon. b. Because their mom is a good runner. c. Because their mother might get back sooner. d. Because their mom might gets back sooner. 30. What advice did the guys give their mom? a. You should go to buy more things. b. You should go to bed and jump.

21 12.c 13.c 14.b 15.b 16.b 17.b 18.c 19.c 20.d 21.a 22.a 23.b 24.b Test's answers 1.b 2.b 3.d 4.d 5.a 25.d 26.c 27.a 28.d 29.c 30.d 6.d 7.a 8.a 9.a 10.a 11.b