CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE LAS PLAGAS DE BABOSAS EN CULTIVOS HORTÍCOLAS: Depredadores Protozoos Nematodos

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Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Facultad de Biología España CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE LAS PLAGAS DE BABOSAS EN CULTIVOS HORTÍCOLAS: Depredadores Protozoos Nematodos Autores: José CASTILLEJO, Javier

1 Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Facultad de Biología España CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE LAS PLAGAS DE BABOSAS EN CULTIVOS HORTÍCOLAS: Depredadores Protozoos Nematodos Autores: José CASTILLEJO, Javier IGLESIAS * Investigación financiada por: la Unión Europea. Nº de Proyecto: FAIR5-PL Título: Novel technologies for integrated control of slug damage in key horticultural crops la Xunta de Galicia. Nº de Proyecto: PGIDT00AGR20001PR Título: Alternativas a los molusquicidas comerciales actuales

2 Control biológico de plagas de babosas Carábidos Erizos Luciérnagas Lución Mirlos

31 Control Biológico de plagas de babosas Con protozoos: Tetrahymena rostrata

32 Boca 10 μ Cinetias somáticas Tetrahymena rostrata Poros de la vacuola

36 Egg of D. reticulatum with protozoans and a destroyed embryo

37 Protozoans around an embryo of D. reticulatum

38 Protozoans around an embryo of D. reticulatum

39 Protozoans around an embryo of D. reticulatum

40 Protozoans around an embryo of D. reticulatum

43 Protozoans around an embryo of D. reticulatum Protozoan Blastómeres

44 Protozoans around an embryo of D. reticulatum Blastómeres Protozoan

49 Control Biológico de plagas de babosas Con Nematodos zooparásitos

50 Morfología general de un nematodo Macho de nematodo Partes del esófago Partes del estoma Gónada de hembra

53 Slugs and nematodes In february 1998, the Terrestial Malacology Group from The University of Santiago de Compostela (U.S.C.) found in the portuguese Algarve (Monchique) and in the north and in the south of Spain some slugs of the genus Arion, Deroceras and Milax, with the zooparasite nematode symptoms described by Wilson.

Slugs and nematodes It is almost impossible to destroy any significant number of terrestrial gastropods by use of bait; probably no more than 10% of a population can be destroyed in this way

It is also necessary to know the mortality rate, the development periods of eggs and juveniles, and the longevity of adults and senile, to establish the life span an number of generations per year

54 Slugs and nematodes It is almost impossible to destroy any significant number of terrestrial gastropods by use of bait; probably no more than 10% of a population can be destroyed in this way (Frömming & Plate, 1952). For a control of pest Gastropods it is essential to have precise knowledge, not only of population density, but also of the causal factors affecting it. It is also necessary to know the mortality rate, the development periods of eggs and juveniles, and the longevity of adults and senile, to establish the life span an number of generations per year for any particular species. Healthy and parasited slugs were captured to get the nematodes. Samples of the soil were taken. The slugs were kept in captivity normal conditions of moisture, temperature and feeding. In one or two weeks the healthy slugs showed the mentioned signs of parasitism. Some days later the surface of the dead body of the slug was completely covered with nematodes. The parasited slug corpses were placed on nutritive agar and sent to Long Ashton.

57 Phasmarhadities hermaphodita from Nemaslug

63 Searching for Nematode Strains Problems with Diagnostic Test Kits For detect Phasmarhaditis in soil FOURTH TRIP: Dates: April and May of Places: Northwest part of Spain, Zamora, Salamanca, Cáceres.

64 Looking for nematodes

long) full of eggs 3. Big size males (twice than female). 4.Big size Females measurent between 1800-2500 microms.

65 The Spanish Phasmarhabdities strain The nematodes found on Iberian Peninsula slugs was identified as Phasmarhabditis sp. They appear under four forms: 1. Dauer larva, with differents degrees of develoopment. 2. Small females (<100 microm. long) full of eggs 3. Big size males (twice than female). 4.Big size Females measurent between microms. Clearly different from the another one. The specific separation between P. hermaphrodita and P. neopapillosa is not clear, the Spanish morpho could be new specie.

The Spanish Phasmarhadities Dauer larva Surveys of the edaphic infauna are necessary to understand the possible competitiveness between soil dwellings.

66 The Spanish Phasmarhadities Dauer larva Surveys of the edaphic infauna are necessary to understand the possible competitiveness between soil dwellings. FIGURE CAPTIONS A and C.- Body of Dauer larva B and D.- Oesophagus and first part of the intestine with a possible bacteria bag. E.- Dauer Larva s head. C.- Dauer Larva s tail.

67 Phasmarhabdities sp. from Santiago

68 Phasmarhadities sp. from Seville

69 Phasmarhadities sp. from El Madroño

70 Phasmarhadities sp. from O Grove

71 The Spanish Phasmarhadities sp. live Mating and femeles lying eggs. Live pictures.

72 Fin de la Comunicación * * En el respeto al equilibrio está el éxito de nuestra lucha particular

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