Towards a cleaner Public Transportation System for Costa Rica DR. RENÉ CASTRO SALAZAR Minister of Environment, Energy and Telecommunications December 2012
Capital intensity by abatement measure http://petrolog.typepad.com/climate_change/2009/09/the-cost-of-abating-greenhouse-gases.html
MINAET Costa Rica: Abatement Curve- 1 Conversión a LPG 2 Jornada laboral 4 días 3 Cambio de Residencia 4 Uso de lámparas más eficientes 5 Uso de motores más eficientes 6 Uso de A/C de bajo consumo 7 Cambio de cocinas a vitro cerámica 8 Conducción Eficiente 9 Refrigeradoras más eficientes 10 Capacitación en el sector educación 11 Uso de timers en calentadores de agua 12 Cambio de lámparas 13 Uso de sistemas fotovoltaicos 14 Agilización Trámites 15 Incremento Marchamo 16 Vehículos Aire 17 Vehículos Eléctricos 18 Transporte Público 19 Descongestionamiento 20 Ciclovías 21 Restricción a circulación S. J. 22 Restricción a circulación C. R 23 Car Pooling 24 Plan de ahorro energético 25 Uso de calderas más eficientes 26 Biodiesel 27 Bioetanol 28 Flex Fuel 29 Establecimiento de tarifas y precios 30 Híbridos 31 Tren Eléctrico 32 Sustituir Bunker: 50% Gas Natural, 50% Electricidad Fuente: Estudio para la Introducción de Tecnologías Limpias y Eficientes en el Mercado Nacional, realizado por CONSENERGY GROUP para la DSE, diciembre 2009 3
CO2 Emissions per unit of GDP 1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 CO2 Emissions per unit of GDP (Kg /$1000 of 2005 PPP) CO2 emissions per unit of GDP COSTA RICA CO2 emissions per unit of GDP USA 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Fuente World Band data finder 2.5, MINAET 2012 Year CO2 emissions per unit of GDP UK CO2 emissions per unit of GDP CHILE CO2 Emissions per unit of GDP CHINA CO2 Emissions per unit of GDP GERMANY CO2 emissions per unit of GDP BRASIL
Goal: Costa Rica CO2 neutral by 2021 CO2 Emissions per unit of GDP (Kg /$1000 of 2005 PPP) 200 190 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 185 180 17 1 Lower Intensity CO2/PIB Lowest Intensity CO2/PIB CO2 neutral Carbon neutral growth 2002 2004 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2050 In the transition to economic competitiveness economic sectors can reduce their emissions intensity and increase their share in GDP
Our greatest source of emissions is the Energy Sector: TRANSPORTATION GHG emissions by Sector 5% 46% 38% Agriculture Thermal 3% Energy 11% 4% Other 6% Industry 18% Industrial Procesess Waste Management Agriculture Energy Transport 69% Source: Reporte Needs 2010/ Segunda Comunicación Nacional 2009
Promote cleaner and efficient technologies and fuels 1 - Improving energy efficiency using current technologies: engine modification, improve transmissions, aerodynamics... 2 - New fuels and cleaner vehicles: electric, hybrid... 3 - Introduction of cleaner fuels: 2nd generation bio-fuels, LPG, LNG,hydrogen, etc. 4 - Consumer information, labeling 5 - "Eco-driving" & Education 6- Mass Tranport System
New energy efficient vehicles Comparison of hybrid vehicle with a gasoline vehicle 42% less CO2 emissions in case of Prius! Source: fueleconomy.gov 8
New energy efficient vehicles In Costa Rica there is a research going between the National Oil Refinery (RECOPE),Ad Astra Rocket (NASA technology) and Cummins to use hydrogen and methane as fuel on engines for heavy transport cargo. Source: Business Mirror. 2009. 9
Introduction of cleaner fuels Low sulphur content & unleaded fuel - It has a direct effect on emissions - Allows use of vehicles with new technologies which significantly reduce pollutants 10
Introduction of cleaner fuels Effect of sulfur on the life of vehicle Sulfur decreased from 15.000 to 1.000 ppm (1.5% to 0.1%) leads to an increased useful life of a vehicle in a 80 to 90% http://www.fleetwatch.co.za/supplements/sadiesel/dieselfactsfictions.htm 11
Overall trend with respect to the objectives of sulphur 12
Costa Rican Studies reveal the IRR for different technologies in taxis, March 2012 250% 236% 200% 150% 163% 123% 100% 50% 0% 61% 35% 32% 28% 18% Fuente: Encuesta aplicada a concesionarios de taxi, CINPE-2012, INS, CCSS, Ministerio de Hacienda
Need to renovate Public Transport Quatity of Taxis and ages System in C.R. 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Quantity of buses and ages 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source: DSE 2010.
100 Abatement costs curve US$/tCO2e 50-50 - 100-150 20,000,000 40,000,000 120,000,000 60,000,000 80,000,000 100,000,000 Source: DSE, MINAET, ICE, PRUGAM, MOPT Cumulative mitigation 2010-2030 tco2e
We are working on a NAMA for the public transportation sector Short term Medium term Long term International Actions COP17 Durban Rio+20 Financing of Transportation NAMA Verification Verification Verification Verification 2010 2011 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2 0 2 4 2026 2028 2030 2032 National Actions Communication and educational strategy Definition of Transportation Policy PND 2010-2014 Transportation NAMA Nama Proposal Report and Monitoring Report and Monitoring NAMA Execution Report and Monitoring Report and Monitoring