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Transcripción

1 Consideraciones en torno al concepto de símbolo desde el punto de vista de Ernst Cassirer Considerations Regarding the Concept of Symbol from the Point of View of Ernst Cassirer Roberto Andrés González En-claves del Pensamiento, vol. VII, núm. 14, julio-diciembre, 2013, pp Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México Distrito Federal, México En-claves del Pensamiento, ISSN (Versión impresa): X dora.garcia@itesm.mx en-claves.ccm@servicios.itesm.mx Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México México

2 CONSIDERACIONES EN TORNO AL CONCEPTO DE SÍMBOLO DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA DE ERNST CASSIRER ROBERTO ANDRÉS GONZÁLEZ * Resumen E!"#$"%&#'#!(#")#"*#"%&+%,#'(+"$-".-/(,&-"0#",!"-(1'2+"-/#&/-"0#$"/+!/#%(+" 0#"3'4)2+$+5"#!"$-"+2&-"0#"6-''1&#&7"8-&-"9'(#"$-"*,#$$-"0#$"3'4)2+$+5"%,#0#" &-'(&#-&'#"-"(&-:9'"0#"(&#'")+)#!(+")-&/-0+';"#!"%&1)#&"$,<-&="/+)+"#$"#$#)#!(+" /+)>!"#!(&#"$-'"01.#&#!(#'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'@"#!"'#<,!0+"$,<-&="/+)+"#$"!#A+"!#/#'-&1+"#!(&#"#$"*+)2&#"B"$-"!-(,&-$#C-@"B"#!"(#&/#&"$,<-&="$-"/+!/#%/1?!"0#$" 3'4)2+$+5"(1#!#"D,#"01'(1!<,1&'#"/+!/#%(,-$)#!(#="/+!(&-'(E!0+'#="&#'%#/(+"0#" $-"!+/1?!"0#"3'1<!+57" Palabras clave;"*+)2&#="/+!+/1)1#!(+="'4)2+$+="6-''1&#&7 Abstract F!"(*1'"21$$"G#"*-:#"%&+%+'#0"-"<$1)%'#"-("(*#"/+!/#%("+."3'B)2+$5"1!"(*#"%*1$+ '+%*B"+."6-''1&#&7"F!"(*1'"-,(*+&="(*#")-&H"+."3'B)2+$5"/-!"2#"(&-/#0"(*&+,<*" * " I+/#!(#"#"1!:#'(1<-0+&"0#"$-"J!1:#&'10-0"K,(?!+)-"0#$"L'(-0+"0#"M9A1/+"#!"$-"N-/,$(-0"0#" O,)-!10-0#'="M9A1/+="P&,'*$+<+QB-*++7/+)7)AR \] EN CLAVES del pensamiento="-s+"tff="!>)7"uv="w,$1+x01/1#)2&#"yzu[="%%7"\]xuzu7

3 \^" _+2#&(+"K!0&9'"`+!CE$#C (*&##"(1)#")-&H#0;"a&'(="-'"(*#"/+))+!"#$#)#!("2#(G##!"(*#":-&1+,'".+&)'=" '#/+!0$B="-'"(*#"!#/#''-&B"$1!H"2#(G##!")-!"-!0"!-(,&#="-!0"(*1&0$B"(*#"/+!/#%(" +."3'B)2+$5"*-'"(+"2#"01'(1!<,1'*#0"/+!/#%(,-$$B="/+!(&-'(1!<"G1(*"&#'%#/("(+"(*#"!+(1+!"+."3'1<!57" Key words;")-!="h!+g$#0<#="'b)2+$="6-''1&#&7 Introducción L!"#$"%&#'#!(#"#!'-B+")#"*#"%&+%,#'(+"0#'-&&+$$-&",!-"#A%$+&-/1?!"#!"(+&!+" -"$-"/+!/#%/1?!"D,#"'#"B#&<,#"-$&#0#0+&"0#$"/+!/#%(+"0#"3'4)2+$+5"-"%-&(1&"0#$" %#!'-)1#!(+"0#"L&!'("6-''1&#&"bU\cVXUdV]e7"6+!'10#&+"D,#"$-"1)%+&(-!/1-"0#",!" (&-2-W+"/+)+"#$"%&#'#!(#"'#"a!/-"W,'(-)#!(#"#!"#$"*#/*+"0#"D,#="#!"#$")-&/+" 0#"$-"a$+'+.4-"/+!(#)%+&E!#-="$-"(#)-(1C-/1?!"%&+%1-)#!(#"&1<,&+'-"#!"(+&!+" -",!"-',!(+"/+)+"#$"3'4)2+$+5="#!/,#!(&-"#!"6-''1&#&",!+"0#"','"%&1)#&+'" /,$(1:-0+&#'7" Considero que resulta sumamente importante aclarar que en el pensamiento 0#"!,#'(&+"-,(+&"#$"/+!/#%(+"0#$"*+)2&#"a!-$)#!(#"#!/,#!(&-",!-"',#&(#"0#" $12#&-/1?!"b#)-!/1%-/1?!e="+(&+&-"#!(#!010+"#'%#/4a/-)#!(#"/+)+"#$"-!1)-$" &-/1+!-$7"8+&"/+!(&-'(#"0#"#'(-"/+!/#%/1?!"0#/1)+!?!1/-="6-''1&#&":-"-"%&+%+!#&" $-"10#-"0#$"*+)2&#"/+)+"-!1)-$"'1)2?$1/+7"L!"9'(-="#$"*+)2&#"!+"'#"#!/,#! (&-"-!/$-0+"#A/$,'1:-)#!(#"-",!-"%&+%1#0-0"#'%#/4a/-"0#"9$")1')+="!1"-",!-" /+!/#%/1?!"0#"/+&(#"','(-!/1-$="'1!+"D,#"a!-$)#!(#"'#"$#"%#&)1(#"01'/,&&1&"%+&" $+"-21#&(+"0#"','"01.#&#!(#'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'7 f,#'(&+"%$-!"0#"(&-2-w+"/+!'(-"0#"(&#'")+)#!(+'="(+0-":#c"d,#"%-&-"!,#' (&+"-,(+&="$-"!+/1?!"0#"3'4)2+$+5"/+!'(1(,B#",!-"0#"$-'"/$-:#'"%-&-"/+)%&#!0#&" #$"%,#'(+"0#$"*+)2&#"#!"#$"/+')+'7"g&#'"'+!"$+'")+)#!(+'"-"(&-:9'"0#"$+'" /,-$#'"%,#0#"',2&-B-&'#"$-"%&##)1!#!/1-"0#"#'(#"/+!/#%(+="-"'-2#&;"#!"%&1 B"#!"(#&/#&"$,<-&="#$"3'4)2+$+5"(1#!#"D,#"0#'$1!0-&"',"%#/,$1+"&#'%$-!0#/1#!(#"-" %-&(1&"0#$"/+!(&-'(#"/+!"#$"/+!/#%(+"0#"3'1<!+57 U Concluimos nuestro estudio poniendo de relieve algunos aspectos que permi (#!"','(#!(-&"$-"-/(,-$10-0"B"$-":1<#!/1-"0#"$-"a$+'+.4-"0#"$-'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'7 U " 6+!'10#&+" D,#",!" (&-(-)1#!(+" '+2&#" #$" '4)2+$+" %,#0#" 01:101&'#" #!" #'(+'" (&#'" )+)#!(+'=" (+0-":#C"D,#="0#'0#")1"%,!(+"0#":1'(-="/-0-",!+"0#"$+'")+)#!(+'"(#)E(1/+'"D,#"a<,&-!"#!"#'(#" %$-!"0#"(&-2-W+"*-!"%-&(10+"B"*-!"'10+"1!'%1&-0+'"-"%-&(1&"0#"$+'"%$-!(#-)1#!(+'")1')+'"0#$"-,(+&7

4 6+!'10#&-/1+!#'"#!"(+&!+"-$"/+!/#%(+"0#"3'4)2+$+5" \c Contenido J!-"/-&-/(#&4'(1/-"D,#"*-"01'(1!<,10+"$-"1!0-<-/1?!"-!(&+%+$?<1/-"B"#%1'(#)+ $?<1/-"0#"L&!'("6-''1&#&"*-"/+!'1'(10+"#!"$-"2>'D,#0-"0#$"%&1!/1%1+"0#",!10-0" 0#"$+")>$(1%$#7"8-&-"#!(#!0#&",!"%+/+"#'(+="0#2#)+'"-/$-&-&"D,#"#'(-",!10-0=" #!"#$"*+&1C+!(#"0#$"'#&"0#$"*+)2&#="!+"#'(E"%,#'(-"a priori="#'"0#/1&="!+"#'",!" 0+!"0#"$-"!-(,&-$#C-"!1",!"0+!"0#"I1+'="(-)%+/+"#'",!"#$#)#!(+".4'1/+"+",!-" #'#!/1-"1!),(-2$#="'1!+"D,#"'#"/1.&-"#!",!-".,!/1?!"),$(1)+0-$"+&D,#'(-0-"%+&" #$")1')+"#'%4&1(,7"6-2#")#!/1+!-&"D,#"#!"!,#'(&+"-,(+&"#$"#'%4&1(,"%+'##",!-" /+!!+(-/1?!"#'(&1/(-)#!(#"-!(&+%+$?<1/-="0#"(-$"',#&(#"D,#"-$"*-2$-&"0#"#'%4&1(," #'"#'(-&"-'1)1')+"&#a&1#!0+"$+"%&+%1+"0#$"'#&"0#$"*+)2&#;"36-''1&#&"&#/+!+/#"$-" +2W#(1:10-0"0#"0+'"&#$1#:#'"0#$"'#&="-"'-2#&="#$"#'%4&1(,="%+&",!"$-0+="B"$-"!-(,&-$#C-" %+&"#$"+(&+"h777i="$-"#:+$,/1?!"0#$"#'%4&1(,"'#"#a%$1/-":1!1#!0+"b"0#'%&#!019!0+'#"0#" $-")1')-"!-(,&-$#C-57 Y "L$"#'%4&1(,"#'",!"-<#!(#"-/(1:+"(#!010+"*-/1-"#$"%+&:#!1&@" %+0&4-"0#/1&'#"D,#"#!"$-"(&-)-"0#"#'(-"-%#&(,&-"'#":-"-'1)1')+"/+!a<,&-!0+" $-",!10-0"0#$"'#&"0#$"*+)2&#")#01-!(#"$-"<-)-")>$(1%$#"0#"#A%&#'1+!#'"0#"9'(#" #!"$-"/,$(,&-7 [ j1!"#)2-&<+="#'(-",!10-0"!+"#'",!"0+!"<&-(,1(+"!1",!"0+!"!-(,&-$="'1!+",!" %&+0,/(+"0#"$-"-//1?!"0#$"#'%4&1(,7"L$"*-$$-C<+"0#"#'(-"*1%?(#'1'"a$+'?a/-"%#& )1(#"-"!,#'(&+"-,(+&"-2&1&'#"/-)1!+"%+&"#$"!+&(#"0#",!-"a$+'+.4-"D,#"9$")1')+" 0#!+)1!-"30#"$-'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'57"L'(-"a$+'+.4-"-%,#'(-"(+0-:4-"%+&"#$="%+&" -'4"0#/1&$+="-!*#$+"0#"'1'(#)-@"#'"0#/1&="-%,#'(-"%+&"$-"+&D,#'(-/1?!"0#$"'1'(#)-" 0#"$-'"/+!a<,&-/1+!#'"0#$"#'%4&1(,7"L'(+">$(1)+"(&-#",!-"<-!-!/1-"0+2$#"%-&-"#$" %#!'-)1#!(+"/+!(#)%+&E!#+;"%+&",!"$-0+="%#&)1(#"-"$-"a$+'+.4-"0#"$-'".+&)-'" '1)2?$1/-'"1!.#&1&",!-"!,#:-"&#'%,#'(-"-/#&/-"0#"$-",!10-0"0#$"'#&"0#$"*+)2&#"-" (&-:9'"%&#/1'-)#!(#"0#"$-'")>$(1%$#'")-!1.#'(-/1+!#'"*1'(?&1/-'"B"/,$(,&-$#'"0#$" #'%4&1(,@"%+&"#$"+(&+="$#"%#&)1(#="-$"-,(+&="-:1C+&-&"(-)219!"#$"%&1!/1%1+"0#",!10-0" )#01-!(#"#$"#$#)#!(+"/+)>!"0#"/-0-",!-"0#"$-'"/+!a<,&-/1+!#'"'1)2?$1/-'7 Cuando nuestro autor inicia la redacción del primer tomo de la Filosofía de las formas simbólicas budyye=" 0#01/-0+" -$" -!E$1'1'" 0#$" $#!<,-W#=" /+)+" 9$" Y " _+2#&(+"K!0&9'"`+!CE$#C="3O#<#$"B"6-''1&#&;"0#2-(#"#!"(+&!+"-"$-"&#$1<1?!"B"#$"#'%4&1(,5="#!" Ciencia Ergo Sum7"M9A1/+="UAEM=":+$7"U\="YZUU="%7"Y^7 [ En este punto considero pertinente hacer la aclaración acerca de la connotación que posee $-"!+/1?!"0#"#'%4&1(,"#!"$-"+2&-"0#"6-''1&#&="(+0-":#C"D,#"#'(#"(9&)1!+"%+'##",!-".,#&(#"/-&<-" '#)E!(1/-"-"$+"$-&<+"0#"(+0-"$-"(&-01/1?!7"L'"-'4"D,#"#$"#'%4&1(,="#!"#$")-&/+"0#"$-"+2&-"0#"!,#'(&+" -,(+&="&#.,$<#"-!(#"(+0+"/+)+",!"-<#!(#"-/(1:+="#'",!-"',#&(#"0#".,!/1?!"+"-/(1:10-0="#$"/,-$"'#" 0#'/,2&#"#!"(+0+")+)#!(+"',&/-!0+"/-)1!+'"#!"$+"-21#&(+"0#$"(1#)%+@"-"/-0-"%-'+"<#!#&-",!-" &#-$10-0"'1)2?$1/-"%+&"$-"/,-$"'#":-"/+!a&1#!0+"'#!(10+"-$"),!0+7"L$"#'%4&1(,"!+"#'",!-"','(-!/1-=" %+&"#$"/+!(&-&1+="'#"#!/,#!(&-"-&&+W-0+"B"-$")1')+"(1#)%+"$$-)-0+"*-/1-"$-"-,(+!+)4-"0#"',"$12#&(-07" L!",!-"%-$-2&-="#$"#'%4&1(,"#!/,#!(&-"%$#!-"#D,1%-&-/1?!"/+!"#$"'#&"0#$"*+)2&#7

5 \\" _+2#&(+"K!0&9'"`+!CE$#C )1')+"$+"&#/+!+/#="B-"#A1'(4-"#!"(+&!+"-"#'(#"&#'%#/(+"b#$"$#!<,-W#e"/1#&(+"*1$+" /+!0,/(+&="012,W-0+"%+&"-,(+&#'"/+)+"N&-!/#'/+"81/+"0#$$-"M1&-!0+$-="k1$*#$)" :+!"O,)2+$0(="N&7"M1/*-#$"Ml$$#&="#!(&#"+(&+'7"f+"+2'(-!(#"#$"&#/+!+/1)1#!(+" 0#"$-"%$,&-$10-0"0#"$-'"#A%&#'1+!#'"#!"$+"-21#&(+"0#"$-"/,$(,&-"$$#:-!"-"!,#'(&+" -,(+&"-"#!.&#!(-&'#"(#)E(1/-)#!(#"/+!")-!1.#'(-/1+!#'"(-!"01'%-&#'"/+)+"$+'" '+!"$-"&#$1<1?!="#$")1(+="$-")-<1-"B"$-"/1#!/1-="#!(&#"+(&-'="$+<&-!0+",!-"1!(#&%&# (-/1?!"a$+'?a/-"%+!0#&-2$#7"L$"-,(+&"'#"&#/+!+/#"/+)+",!"%1+!#&+"#!"#'(-'" 1!0-<-/1+!#'= V "%,#'"-/#&/-"0#"$-'"%&1)#&-'"b$-"&#$1<1?!="#$")1(+="$-")-<1-e="*-'(-" principios del siglo XX="!+"#A1'(4-",!"*1$+"/+!0,/(+&="(-$"/+)+"$+"*-24-"-/#&/-"0#$" /+!+/1)1#!(+"+"#$"$#!<,-W#="D,#"%,01#&-"<,1-&"$-"'#/,#!/1-"#!"$-"(#)-(1C-/1?!" a$+'?a/-"0#"-d,#$$+'"(?%1/+'7"m-":1-21$10-0"0#"'#)#w-!(#"#a%$+&-/1?!"!,#'(&+" -,(+&"$-"&#/+!+/#"-"%-&(1&"0#$"-(1'2+"0#$"%&1!/1%1+"0#",!10-0"0#"$-'".+&)-'"'1) 2?$1/-'="$-'"/,-$#'"'#"/+!<&#<-!"!+")#01-!(#",!-"','(-!/1-="'1!+"-"%-&(1&"0#",!-"-/(1:10-07 j#"%,#0#"#!(#!0#&",!"%+/+")e'"#$"%&#'#!(#"-%+&(#"-"(&-:9'"0#$"'1<,1#!(#" '4)1$;"%+&",!"$-0+="#$"/+)>!"0#!+)1!-0+&"0#"$-'"#A%&#'1+!#'"/,$(,&-$#'"'#".-/ (,&-"-"%-&(1&"0#"$-".,!/1?!"-/(1:-"0#$"#'%4&1(,@")1#!(&-'"D,#="%+&"+(&+="#$"#$#)#!(+" /+)>!"#!(&#"$-'"01.#&#!(#'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'"#'(E"/+!'(1(,10+"%&#/1'-)#!(#" %+&"#$"'4)2+$+7"KD,4"-/+!(#/#"$-"'1),$(-!#10-0"0#"0+'"&#,!1+!#'="-"'-2#&="$-" 0#"$-'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'"%+&"',"+&1<#!="B"(-)219!"$-",!10-0"0#"9'(-'"%+&"'," #$#)#!(+"/+!'(1(,(1:+7"J!+"0#"$+'"*-$$-C<+'")E'"(&-'/#!0#!(#'"#!"$-"a$+'+.4-" 0#" 6-''1&#&" /+!'1'(#" #!" *-2#&" #!/+!(&-0+" #$" #$#)#!(+" /+)>!" 0#" (+0-'" $-'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-';"#$"'4)2+$+7"m-"&#,!1?!"0#"$+")>$(1%$#"%,#0#"-a&)-&'#"#!",!" 0+2$#"'#!(10+="%+&",!"$-0+="$-'"01.#&#!(#'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'"&#a#&#!",!"+&1<#!" /+)>!="#$"/,-$"'#"#!/,#!(&-"!+"#!",!"'#&"'1!+"#!",!-".,!/1?!="#'"0#/1&="#!"$-".,!/1?!"0#$"#'%4&1(,7"8&#/1'-)#!(#"#!"(+&!+"-"#$$+"!,#'(&+"-,(+&"-<&#<-; j1"$-"a$+'+.4-"0#"$-"/,$(,&-"$+<&-"-%&#*#!0#&"b"-/$-&-&"#'+'"&-'<+'="#!(+!/#'" *-2&E"/,)%$10+"#!",!"'#!(10+"!,#:+"/+!"',"(-&#-"0#"0#)+'(&-&=".&#!(#"-"$-" pluralidad de manifestaciones"0#$"#'%4&1(,="$-",!10-0"0#"',"esencia7"8,#'"#'(-",!10-0"'#"#:10#!/1-"/+!")ea1)-"/$-&10-0"w,'(-)#!(#"%+&d,#"$-"),$(1%$1/10-0" de los productos 0#$"#'%4&1(,"!+"%#&W,01/-&E!"-"$-",!10-0"0#"',"producir="'1!+" D,#"$-"-/&#01(-&E!"B"$-"/+!a&)-&E!7 ] K'1)1')+=" $-'" 01.#&#!(#'".+&)-'" '1)2?$1/-'=" 1!0#%#!01#!(#)#!(#" 0#" $-" 01&#//1?!" *-/1-" 0+!0#" '#" #!/,#!(&#!" #!0#&#C-0-'=" #'(-&E!" 1!01'(1!(-)#!(#" /+)%,#'(-'"0#$")1')+"#$#)#!(+7" V " L&!'("6-''1&#&="Filosofía de las formas simbólicas II7"M9A1/+="FCE="YZZ[="%7"U]7 ] " L7"6-''1&#&="Filosofía de las formas simbólicas I7"M9A1/+="FCE="YZZ[="%7"^Z7

6 6+!'10#&-/1+!#'"#!"(+&!+"-$"/+!/#%(+"0#"3'4)2+$+5" \d 8+0&4-" 0#/1&'#" D,#" #$" 0#'/,2&1)1#!(+" 0#" $-".,#!(#" /+)>!" 0#" $-'".+&)-'" '1)2?$1/-'"$#"%#&)1(#"-"6-''1&#&"$-"%+'121$10-0"0#".-/(,&-&",!-"%&1)#&-":#&'1?!" 0#",!-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"0#$"'4)2+$+="$-"/,-$"!+"'#"&#0,/#"-"0-&"%+&"*#/*+"'," -%-&#/#&="!1"-"%+!#&"#!"#!(&#01/*+"$+'"0-(+'"0#"'#)#W-!(#"*#/*+7"m-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"#!"!,#'(&+"-,(+&"(-)%+/+"'#"&#0,/#"-$"-!E$1'1'"0#$" /+!+/1)1#!(+"/1#!(4a/+"0#"$-"!-(,&-$#C-="3'1!+"h-i"(+0-"-/(1:10-0"#'%1&1(,-$"%+&"$-" D,#"!+'"/&#-)+'",!"3),!0+5"#!"',"/+!a<,&-/1?!"/-&-/(#&4'(1/-="#!"',"+&0#!"B" #!"',"'#&"(-$57^"m-"(#+&4-"#A%#&1)#!(-"-*+&-",!"#!+&)#"#!'-!/*-)1#!(+="%,#'" $-")1')-"!+/1?!"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"*-"-21#&(+",!"*+&1C+!(#"D,#"'+2&#%-'-"#$" &-01+"&#'(&1!<10+"0#"$-":1'1?!"/1#!(4a/-="B"%+'1(1:1'(-="0#"$-"!-(,&-$#C-7"n"#'(+" justamente va a constituir el punto toral de la discrepancia de Cassirer respecto -$"%+'1(1:1')+"B"-"$-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"(&-'/#!0#!(-$7 o,1#&+" /+)#!C-&" -/$-&-!0+" D,#" 6-''1&#&"!+" /+!'(&,B#" %&+%1-)#!(#",!-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"#!"#'(&1/(+"'#!(10+="+"-$")#!+'"!+"$-"/+!/12#"/+)+",!-" %-!-/#-"0#$"%#!'-)1#!(+="!1"/+)+"#$")9(+0+"#A/$,'1:+"0#"$-"a$+'+.4-="'1!+" D,#",(1$1C-"#'(#"(9&)1!+"%+&",!-"/,#'(1?!",!"(-!(+"0#"#/+!+)4-"(#&)1!+$?<1/-=" %,#'"/+)+"!+'"01/#"#!"-$<,!-"%-&(#"0#"',"+2&-;"3m-"a$+'+.4-"0#"$-'".+&)-'" '1)2?$1/-'"!+"'#"%&+%+!#",!-")#(-.4'1/-"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+="'1!+",!-"fenomenología"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+57 c "J!-"0#"$-'"&-C+!#'"%+&"$-'"/,-$#'"6-''1&#&":-"-" &#/*-C-&"#$"%$-!(#-)1#!(+"0#"$-")#(-.4'1/-"/$E'1/-"/+!'1'(#"#!"D,#="%-&-"9$=" #!"9'(-"b$-")#(-.4'1/-e"'#"*-"%+!0#&-0+",!-"/+!/#%/1?!"','(-!/1-$1'(-"0#"$-"!-(,&-$#C-"*,)-!-"B"#'(+"*-"+/-'1+!-0+",!-":1'1?!"01'$+/-0-"(-!(+"0#$"'#&" 0#$"*+)2&#"-'4"/+)+"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+7"L!"$-":1'1?!"0#"$-")#(-.4'1/-"/$E'1/-" &#',$(-"1!'+$,2$#="%+&"#W#)%$+="#$"%&+2$#)-"0#"$-",!1?!"#!(&#"#$"-$)-"B"#$"/,#&%+=" %,#'"$-")#(-.4'1/-"*-"(&-'(+/-0+"#'(-",!1?!"#!")#&-"/+#A1'(#!/1-@"#'(-",!1?!" 1)%+'12$#"'#"0#2#"-"$-"/+!/#%/1?!"','(-!/1-$1'(-"0#$"-$)-"B"#$"/,#&%+7"3f1!<>!" vinculum substanciale"p01/#"6-''1&#&p"#'"',a/1#!(#)#!(#".,#&(#"%-&-".,!01&" #!",!-" :#&0-0#&-",!10-0" #$#)#!(+'" +&1<1!-&1-)#!(#" *#(#&+<9!#+'57 \ " 8-&-"!,#'(&+"a$?'+.+="$-")#(-.4'1/-"&#%&#'#!(-"#$"/$-&+"0+!0#"'#"*-!"+&D,#'(-0+" $-'" 01'$+/-/1+!#'" /+!/#%(,-$#'" )E'" #'/-!0-$+'-'7" q,'(+" %+&" #'(+" %&#a#&#" )E'"#$"(9&)1!+"0#"3.#!+)#!+$+<4-"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+5"B"!+"#$"0#")#(-.4'1/-"0#$" /+!+/1)1#!(+="#!"#$"#!(#!010+"0#"D,#"2-W+"#'(-"!+/1?!"b.#!+)#!+$+<4-"0#$" /+!+/1)1#!(+e"'#"/+)%&#!0#"(+0-"-/(1:10-0"#'%1&1(,-$"%+&"$-"D,#"'#"/+!a<,&-" $-"1)-<#!"0#",!"),!0+7"L$"*+)2&#"%&#/1'-"$-".-/(,&-/1?!"0#"),!0+'"%-&-" #A1'(1&="9'(#"%+'##="#!(&#",!-"0#"','"/+!'1<!-'="$-"1)%#&1+'-"!#/#'10-0"0#" /&#-&"01.#&#!(#'"),!0+'"%-&-"'#&7"j#"01&4-"D,#"#$"*+)2&#"%+!#"#!")-&/*-" ^" L7"6-''1&#&="Esencia y efecto del concepto de símbolo7"m9a1/+="fce="udc]="%7"udv7 c Ibid., "%7"UdV7"bm-'"/,&'1:-'"'+!")4-'e7 \ " L7"6-''1&#&="Filosofía de las formas simbólicas III7"M9A1/+="FCE="YZZ[="%7"UYc7

7 dz" _+2#&(+"K!0&9'"`+!CE$#C una fenomenología del conocimiento desde el momento mismo en que se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f,#'(&+" autor considera que la sustitución de la noción de metafísica por el de fenome!+$+<4-"%&+%+&/1+!-",!")-b+&")-&<#!"0#")-!1+2&-"%-&-"#$"%#!'-)1#!(+7"j1!" #)2-&<+="$-'"&-C+!#'"D,#"$+"/+!0,/#!"-"-2-!0+!-&"$-"#<&#<1-")#(-.4'1/-="'+!" $-'")1')-'"&-C+!#'"D,#"$+"$$#:-!"-"/,#'(1+!-&"-"$-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"(&-'/#!0#!(-$7" El autor de la Filosofía de las formas simbólicas="%+&"+(&-"%-&(#="&#/+!+/#" D,#"$-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"(&-'/#!0#!(-$"-(1!-0-)#!(#"*-"-21#&(+",!"/-)1!+"%+&"#$" /,-$"'#"%+!0#&-!"$-'"#'(&,/(,&-'"#'%1&1(,-$#'7"L!"(+&!+"-"#'(+"!+'"01/#;" J!+"0#"$+'")9&1(+'".,!0-)#!(-$#'"0#"$-"Fenomenología"0#"O,''#&$"/+!'1'(#" #!"*-2#&":,#$(+"-"-<,C-&"$-")1&-0-"&#'%#/(+"0#"$-"01:#&'10-0"0#"3.+&)-'"#'(&,/ (,&-$#'5"#'%1&1(,-$#'"B"*-2#&")+'(&-0+",!"!,#:+"/-)1!+"%-&-"',"/+!'10#&-/1?!" D,#"'#"-%-&(#"0#$"%$-!(#-)1#!(+"0#$"%&+2$#)-"0#"$+'")9(+0+'"%'1/+$?<1/+'7 d L'(+"#'="$-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"(&-'/#!0#!(-$"*-":#!10+"-"&#1:1!01/-&"$-"!-(,&- $#C-"#'%1&1(,-$"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"B"-"%+!#&"#!(&#"%-&9!(#'1'"$-"&,(-"%'1/+$?<1/-" 0#$")1')+7 UZ "L!"L&!'("6-''1&#&"'#"$$#:-"-"/-2+",!-"(-W-!(#"01'(1!/1?!"#!(&#"$+'" 3-/(+'5"1!(#!/1+!-$#'"B"#$="%+&"-'4"0#/1&$+="),!0+"!-(,&-$@"/-2#"&#/+!+/#&"D,#" -"O,''#&$"$#"1!(#&#'-"#$"'#!(10+"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"!+"$-"&#-$10-0"0#"$+'"+2W#(+'7" L'(-"0#)-&/-/1?!"#!(&#"$+"#'%1&1(,-$"B"$+"3&#-$5"&#-$1C-0-"%+&"#$"-,(+&"0#"$-'" Investigaciones lógicas"#'"),b"21#!":1'(-"%+&"6-''1&#&="%,#'"#'(+"/+$+/-"#$" %#!'-)1#!(+"'+2&#"#$"/$-&+"0#"$-'".+&)-'"#'%1&1(,-$#'7"I#"#'(-")-!#&-;"3m-" #A%#&1#!/1-"%'1/+$?<1/-"#'"&#-$1'(-"h)1#!(&-'"D,#i"$-"#A%#&1#!/1-"(&-'/#!0#!(-$"!+"%$-!(#-"!1!<,!-"&#$-/1?!"&#-$"B"#'(E"/+!a!-0-"-"$-"&#<1?!"0#$"Ego57 UU Digamos D,#"O,''#&$"(1#!#"#$")9&1(+"0#"*-2#&"$$#:-0+"$-"1!:#'(1<-/1?!"a$+'?a/-="#!"'," (1#)%+="*-'(-"#$"E)21(+"0#"$+"#'%1&1(,-$7"f+"+2'(-!(#="#!"$-"&,(-"0#"$-".#!+)# nología trascendental no se ha podido desplegar todo el potencial que podría d " L7"6-''1&#&="Filosofía de las formas simbólicas II="%%7"YdX[Z7 UZ Cf7"L0),!0"O,''#&$="!"#$%&'#($)*+$%&$&,-$&.#-/0#-/(/12$&3,'$&4&,-$&5(/%/.2$&.#-/0#-/(61*7$7" M9A1/+="FCE="Udd]="%7"cV7 UU " L7"O,''#&$="Las conferencias de París."M9A1/+="UNAM="%7"]U7

8 6+!'10#&-/1+!#'"#!"(+&!+"-$"/+!/#%(+"0#"3'4)2+$+5" du #'%#&-&'#"0#"'#)#W-!(#"-W,'(#="B"%&#/1'-)#!(#"#'(-"/+!'10#&-/1?!"#'",!-"0#"$-'" críticas que el autor de 8$&5(/%/.2$&"#&($%&./'0$%&%*096(*7$% arremete contra el %&1)#&+="%+&D,#",!-":#C"D,#"#$"-!E$1'1'"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"'#"*-24-"$$#:-0+"*-'(-" #$"E)21(+"0#"','"/+!(+&!+'"#'%1&1(,-$#'"#&-"0#"#'%#&-&"D,#"0#"-*4"'#"%,01#&-" 0#/-!(-&"*-/1-"#$"-!E$1'1'"0#$"),!0+")4(1/+"+"&#$1<1+'+7"j1!"#)2-&<+="O,''#&$"!+"&#-$1C-"#'(-"0#/$1!-/1?!"%+&",!-"'1)%$#"&-C?!="-"'-2#&="%+&D,#"%-&-"9$"#$" /-)1!+"0#$"/-,/#"a$+'?a/+"(1#!#"D,#"'#<,1&"'1#!0+",!1(-&1+="#'"0#/1&="(1#!#"D,#" '#<,1&="#!"$+"#'#!/1-$="#$"/-)1!+"0#"$-"/1#!/1-7 UY "L!"(+&!+"-"#'(+">$(1)+"#$"-,(+&" de Las investigaciones lógicas nos dice: Se requiere una reconstrucción radical D,#"'-(1'.-<-"$-"10#-"0#"$-"a$+'+.4-"/+)+",!10-0",!1:#&'-$"0#"$-'"/1#!/1-'"#!" $-",!10-0"0#",!-".,!0-)#!(-/1?!"-2'+$,(-)#!(#"&-/1+!-$57 U[ Resulta evidente D,#"%-&-"O,''#&$"#$"/-)1!+"0#$"%+&:#!1&"%-&-"$-"a$+'+.4-"'#"a!/-"#!"#$"/$-&+"#A /$,'1:+"0#"$-"&,(-"0#"$-"/1#!/1-"#'(&1/(-7"L'"W,'(+"#!"#'(#"%,!(+"0+!0#"%+0#)+'" -'1'(1&"-$")+)#!(+"%&#/1'+"#!"D,#"-)2-'"%&+%,#'(-'"a$+'?a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a$+'?a/+="%#&+"#$")9(+0+=" )1#!(&-'"D,#"%-&-"#$"'#<,!0+"$-"%+'121$10-0"0#"$-",!10-0"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"B"0#" $-"a$+'+.4-"'#"a!/-"w,'(+"#!"#$"&#/+!+/1)1#!(+"0#"$-"01:#&'10-0"0#"$+'"01'(1!(+'" /-)1!+'"%+&"0+!0#"'#"0#'%$1#<-"#$"-$)-"#!"#$"/$-&+"0#"$-"/,$(,&-="#'(+"D,1#&#" 0#/1&"D,#"!+"'?$+"#$"/-)1!+"0#"$-"/1#!/1-"/+!'(1(,B#"#$"*+&1C+!(#"0#"0#'%$1# <,#="'1!+"D,#"W,!(+"-$"/-)1!+"0#"$-"/1#!/1-="(-)219!"0#2#""&#/+!+/#&'#"+(&-'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'="/+)+"#$")1(+"B"$-")-<1-;"9'(-"#'"+(&-"%&+%,#'(-"#!"$-"D,#"'#" %&#(#!0#!"1!(#<&-&"$-'"01.#&#!(#'":+/#'"B"%,!(+'"0#":1'(-="&#/+!+/1#!0+"D,#"#$" *+)2&#"%+'##"!+",!-="'1!+"01.#&#!(#'")-!#&-'"0#"#!(-2$-&"/+!(-/(+"/+!"$+"-W#!+7 6-''1&#&"/,#'(1+!-"-"$-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"(&-'/#!0#!(-$"(+0-":#C"D,#"!+" ha podido derivar hacia la pregunta que interroga por la forma de una conciencia )4(1/-7"8-&-"9$"#$"%&1)#&"%-'+"%-&-"%+0#&"0#'%$#<-&",!-"1!(#&&+<-!(#"(-$"/+!'1'(4-=" j1!"#)2-&<+="#$"-!e$1'1'"!+"%+04-"d,#0-&"'?$+"-*47"l'"%+&"#'(+"d,#"&#/+!+/#",!-"$1)1(-!(#"0#"-d,#$$-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"(&-'/#!0#!(-$="-/#&/-"0#"$-"/,-$"01/#; UY " KD,4"(#!#)+'"D,#"-/$-&-&"D,#"#!"#'(-"/&4(1/-="6-''1&#&"(1#!#"#!"$-")1&-"%&1!/1%-$)#!(#"-$" %&1)#&"O,''#&$="#'"0#/1&="-$"0#"Las investigaciones lógicas e Ideas relativas7 U[ " L7"O,''#&$="Las conferencias de París="%7"[7

9 dy" _+2#&(+"K!0&9'"`+!CE$#C m-".#!+)#!+$+<4-="(-$"/+)+"ho,''#&$i"$-"#!(1#!0#="!+"'#"-<+(-"#!"#$"-!e$1'1'" 0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"'1!+"D,#")E'"D,#"1!:#'(1<-&"$-'"#'(&,/(,&-'"0#"#'.#&-'"0#" +2W#(+'"(+(-$)#!(#"01'(1!(-'="-(#!01#!0+"%,&-)#!(#"-"$+"D,#"3'1<!1a/-!5"'1!" (+)-&"#!"/,#!(-"$-"3&#-$10-05"0#"','"+2W#(+'7"g-$"1!:#'(1<-/1?!"0#2#&4-"-2-&/-&" (-)219!"#$"3),!0+5")4(1/+"hri"%-&-"-%&#*#!0#&$-"#!",!"-!E$1'1'"%,&-)#!(#" 310#-/1+!-$57"f+"+2'(-!(#="*-'(-"0+!0#"-$/-!C+"-":#&="*-'(-"-*+&-"!+"'#"*-" $$#:-0+"-"/-2+"!1!<>!"1!(#!(+"#!"#'(-"01&#//1?!"!1"%+&"%-&(#"0#"$-".#!+)#!+ $+<4-")1')-"!1"%+&"%-&(#"0#"$-"1!:#'(1<-/1?!")1(+$?<1/-7 UV j1"$-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"0#"o,''#&$"*,21#&-"%$-!(#-0+"$-"%&#<,!(-"d,#"1!(#&&+<-" %+&"$-".+&)-"0#",!-"/+!/1#!/1-")4(1/-="#!(+!/#'"*-2&4-"0#'/,21#&(+"-$<,!-'"0#" ','"$1)1(-!(#'"B"*-2&4-"%+010+"-)%$1-&"-$<,!+'"0#"','"%-'+'7" K*+&-"21#!="%+0&4-"0#/1&'#"D,#"#$"'#!(10+"0#"$-".#!+)#!+$+<4-"D,#"%,#0#" #'2+C-&'#"#!"#$"-,(+&"0#"$-"Filosofía de las formas simbólicas="#!"%&1)#&"$, <-&="!+"#'",!-"#!)1#!0-"-"$-"+&D,#'(-0-"%+&"O,''#&$="'1!+",!-"/+!'(&,//1?!" D,#"'#"*-"$#:-!(-0+"-"%-&(1&"0#$"&#/+!+/1)1#!(+"0#"$-"!-(,&-$#C-"#'%1&1(,-$"0#" #$"*+)2&#")#01-!(#"',"-/(1:10-0"#'%1&1(,-$"#'"/-%-C"0#"/+!'(&,1&",!-"1!a!10-0" 0#"),!0+'="/-&<-0+'"(+0+'"#'(+'"1<,-$)#!(#"0#"'#!(10+="%+'#B#!0+"/-0-",!+" priori="'1!+"0#"',2&-b-&"d,#" )#01-!(#"#'(-"/-%-/10-0"/&#-0+&-="#$"*+)2&#"'#"#!/,#!(&-"$$-)-0+"-"/+!'(&,1&" #!"/-0-")+)#!(+"',"&#-$10-0"'1)2?$1/-)#!(#7"n"%&#/1'-)#!(#"%+&"#'(-"/-%- /10-0"#'%1&1(,-$"#$"*+)2&#"%,#0#"#'(-2$#/#&"0#".-/(+",!-"&#$-/1?!"/+!"$+"-W#!+7" 6-2#"&#/-$/-&"D,#"$-"a$+'+.4-"0#"6-''1&#&"%&+%#!0#"-"&#,!1&"'1'(#)E(1/-)#!(#" $-'"01.#&#!(#'".+&)-'"0#$"'-2#&"B"!+"-"01'$+/-&"01/*+"/+!W,!(+")#01-!(#"','" %-&(1/,$-&10-0#'7"j#"(&-(-"0#"%+!#&"#!"#:10#!/1-"D,#"$-":+C"0#$")1(+="$-")-<1-="$-" &#$1<1?!"B"$-"/1#!/1-"'+!="-!(#"(+0+="/+!a<,&-/1+!#'"D,#"*-!"'10+"%&+%1/1-0-'"B".-/(,&-0-'"%+&"$-"-/(1:10-0"/&#-0+&-"0#$"#'%4&1(,7"I#'0#"#'(-"1)-<#!"'#"%&+%1/1-" #$"-!*#$+"(+0-:4-"0#",!-"a$+'+.4-"/+!0,/10-"%+&",!"-.E!"0#"'1'(#)-="#!":1&(,0" 0#"D,#"$-'"%&+0,//1+!#'"0#$"#'%4&1(,="/+!'(1(,B#!"B-",!"'1'(#)-7"L!"#$$-"(1#!#!" /-210-"$-'"01.#&#!(#'":+/#'="+"'#"-/#%(-"D,#",!-")1')-"/+'-"%,#0#"0#/1&'#" 0#"01.#&#!(#'")-!#&-'7" f+"'#"(&-(-"0#"%&1:1$#<1-&",!-".+&)-"'1)2?$1/-"&#'%#/(+"0#"+(&-="'1!+"0#"%+! 0#&-&"#$"#$#)#!(+"B".,#!(#"/+)>!"#!(&#"(+0-'"9'(-'7"L'(+"!+'"-&&+W-"-"+(&+"%-!+&-)-"#%1'(#)+$?<1/+="012,W-0+"%+&",!-"1)-<#!"#!"0+!0#"/+#A1'(#!"01.#&#!(#'".+&)-'"0#$"'-2#&="#!"#$"/,-$"!1!<,!-".+&)-"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"'#"#!/,#!(&-"%+&" #!/1)-"0#$"+(&+="'1!+"D,#"(+0+'="-$"/+)%-&(1&"#$#)#!(+'"B".+&)-'="/+!(&12,B#!" UV " L7"6-''1&#&="Filosofía de las formas simbólicas II="%7"[Z="!7"c7

10 6+!'10#&-/1+!#'"#!"(+&!+"-$"/+!/#%(+"0#"3'4)2+$+5" d[ -"$-"+&D,#'(-/1?!"0#",!-"',#&(#"0#"'1'(#)-7"I#'0#"#'(-"%+'(,&-="/+)+"B-"'#" 01W+=",!-")1')-"/+'-"%,#0#"(#)-(1C-&'#"0#")>$(1%$#'")-!#&-'"B"#!"01.#&#! (#'"'#!(10+'="/-0-":+C"/+)%$#)#!(-"-"$-"+(&-="/-0-"%,!(+"0#":1'(-"/+)%$#(-" -$"+(&+7"j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a$+'+.4-"!+"0#%#!0#"0#"D,#"9'(-"'#"(&-'(+D,#"#!",!-"/1#!/1-" #'(&1/(-="'1!+")E'"21#!"#!"D,#"$-"/1#!/1-"-*+&-"&#/+!+C/-"D,#"',"#A1'(#!/1-"#'" '+$+",!-"#!(&#"+(&-'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'7"8#&+"0#"!1!<,!-")-!#&-"$-">!1/-7"q,'(+" %+&"#'(+"%,#0#"0#/1&'#"D,#"6-''1&#&"-:1C+&-"%-&-"$-"a$+'+.4-="'1!"D,#"-&&1#'<,#" ',"#'#!/1-$"&1<,&+'10-0="$-":4-"0#$"'1'(#)-"/+)+"'#!0-"0#"',"0#'%$1#<,#="%,#'" /+)+"'#"*-")#!/1+!-0+="'#"(&-(-"0#"+&D,#'(-&"#"1!(#<&-&"'1'(#)E(1/-)#!(#"$-'" #A%&#'1+!#'"0#$"#'%4&1(,"#!",!-"a$+'+.4-"0#"$-'".+&)-'"'1)2?$1/-'7"j#"01&4-"D,#" $-"+&D,#'(-/1?!"0#"$-"-/(1:10-0"/&#-0+&-"0#$"#'%4&1(,"#'"B-="0#"',B+="'1'(#)E(1/-7" Esto quiere decir que la fenomenología en Cassirer no parte de la idea 0#",!"B+"a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j1!"#)2-&<+=" 1)%+'12$#"#"1!!#/#'-&1-="(+0-":#C"D,#"#$"<&,#'+"0#"$-'"#A%&#'1+!#'"0#$"#'%4&1(,"#'",!"/+!W,!(+"D,#"!+"%,#0#"0#'-&(1/,$-&'#="%,#'"/-0-".-'#"-!(#&1+&"',%+!#"B"-!(1/1%-"$-".-'#"%+'(#&1+&7 U^" L7"6-''1&#&="Filosofía de las formas simbólicas III,"%7UUY7

11 dv" _+2#&(+"K!0&9'"`+!CE$#C!+"'#"#!/,#!(&-"%&+)+:10+"%+&"#$"#'%4&1(,="#'"0#/1&="#$"-%-&#/#&"0#"$-'"/+'-'" ',%+!#",!-":+$/-0,&-"0#$"#'%4&1(,"'+2&#"$+"-W#!+="!+"%,#0#"*-2$-&'#"0#"$+" -W#!+"'1!"$-"%&#'#!/1-"-/(1:-"0#$"#'%4&1(,7"m-"#A1'(#!/1-"0#$"*+)2&#"!+"#'"!,!/-",!"#'(-&"1!01.#&#!(#="'1!+"'1#)%&#"#'"#!"/,-$D,1#&"/1&/,!'(-!/1-",!-"&#$-/1?!" *+)2&#"'#"#!/,#!(&-"'1#)%&#"&#$-/1+!E!0+'#="#'"0#/1&="'#"#!/,#!(&-":+$/- 0+".&#!(#"-"$+"0#)E'7"j?$+"-$<,1#!"D,#"%,#0#"01'(1!<,1&'#"0#"$+"-W#!+"%,#0#" #!(&-&"#!"&#$-/1?!="%&#/1'-)#!(#="/+!"$+"+(&+7"K$<+"D,#"!+"%+'##"$-"%+(#!/1-" %-&-"01'(1!<,1&'#"$#"&#',$(-"1)%+'12$#"#!(&-&"#!"&#$-/1?!"/+!"$+"h-$<>!i"+(&+7" m+"d,#"#'"2-w+"#'(#">$(1)+")+0+="'1)%$#)#!(#"#'="%#&+"!+"%+'##"$-"&#$-/1?!" /+)+".+&)-"0#"'#&7"K"%#'-&"0#"D,#"#$"*+)2&#"%+'##"1!a!1(-'")-!#&-'"0#"#'(-&" &#$-/1+!-0+"#!"#$"),!0+7 K*+&-"21#!="-D,4"/-2#"*-/#&"$-"-/$-&-/1?!"0#"D,#"'1"21#!"#$"*+)2&#"'#"#!/,#! (&-"#!"%#&)-!#!(#"/+),!1?!"/+!"$+"-W#!+="'#)#W-!(#"&#$-/1?!"!+"%,#0#"0-&'#" *-/#"$-'":#/#'"0#"1!(#&)#01-&1+7"L$"-,(+&"01/#;"3L$"*+)2&#"!+"%,#0#"#!.&#!(-& /-&-"-"/-&-57 Uc "I#'0#"#$"%,!(+"0#":1'(-"0#"6-''1&#&="#$"*+)2&#"%,#0#"#!(&-&"#!" /+),!1?!"/+!"$+"-W#!+"'?$+")#01-!(#"#$"/+!/,&'+"0#$"'4)2+$+="#'(#">$(1)+"#'" #$"&#/,&'+"D,#"%#/,$1-&1C-"-",!"'#&"D,#"#A1'(#"/+!'(&,B#!0+"01.#&#!(#'"),!0+'" %-&-"'#&7"L'(-"1!(#&)#01-/1?!="0#2#":#&'#"!+"/+)+",!-"$1)1(-!(#="'1!+"/+)+",!-"%+'121$10-0"D,#"/+!(&12,B#"-"&#'-$(-&"$-"%&##)1!#!/1-"0#$"'#&"0#$"*+)2&#="#!" :1&(,0"0#"D,#"!+'"*-2$-"0#",!-"/,-'1"!-(,&-$"01'%+'1/1?!"%+&"%-&(#"0#"9'(#"*-/1-" #$"/+!+/1)1#!(+7"q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a<,&-/1?!"/+!.#&10-"%+&"#$")1')+"#'%4&1(,7"l$"#'%4&1(,"b-"*-"-21#&(+"#$" +2W#(+="-,!"-!(#'"0#"D,#"9'(#"/+)%-&#C/-"-!(#"$-"/+!/1#!/1-7"I#"*#/*+="/+)+" Uc " L7"6-''1&#&=":-)'/3/(/12$&5(/%657$7"M9A1/+="FCE="YZZc="%%7"VcXV\7

12 6+!'10#&-/1+!#'"#!"(+&!+"-$"/+!/#%(+"0#"3'4)2+$+5" d] B-"'#"*-")#!/1+!-0+="#$"+2W#(+"$$#<-"-"/+!'(1(,1&'#"#!"+2W#(+"'?$+"-"%-&(1&"0#"$-" /+!.#//1?!"%&+.#&10-"%+&"#$"#'%4&1(,7" La fenomenología de Cassirer: hri"#!/,#!(&-"#!"#'(+"d,#"01/*-'"/+!01/1+!#'"!+"'+!"*+)+<9!#-'="'1!+"d,#" '#"0-!="-!(#'"21#!="01:#&'-'"301)#!'1+!#'5"0#$"#!(#!0#&="0#$"/+)%&#!0#&"B" 0#$"%#!'-&"0#"$+'".#!?)#!+'="B"D,#="/+!.+&)#"-"01/*-"01:#&'10-0="(-)219!" $-"&#$-/1?!"#!(&#"#$"B+"B"#$"),!0+"#'"','/#%(12$#"0#",!-"/+!/#%/1?!"B",!-" /+!a<,&-/1?!")>$(1%$#7 U\ O-B"D,#"&#/+!+/#&"D,#"#A1'(#!"01.#&#!(#'")-!#&-'"0#"#'(-&"#!"#$"),!0+=" %,#'"!+"#'"$-")1')-")-!#&-"0#"#'(-&"0#$"*+)2&#"/,-!0+"',"#A1'(#!/1-"'#"*-" #!/+!(&-0+"#!"#$"/$-&+"0#$")1(+"D,#"/,-!0+"'#"+&<-!1C-"'#<>!"#$"%&1!/1%1+"&-/1+!-$" 0#"$-"a$+'+.4-"B"$-"/1#!/1-7"m-"/+!a<,&-/1?!"/1#!(4a/-"0#"$-"1)-<#!"0#$",!1:#&'+=" B-"#!"8(+$+)#+="B-"#!"6+%9&!1/+="/+$+/-"-$"*+)2&#"#!",!-"01'%+'1/1?!"01.#&#!(#" D,#"/,-!0+"',":10-"#&-"&#<10-"%+&"#$")1(+"'+$-&"+"$,!-&7"6-2#"-/$-&-&"D,#"#!" -)2-'"/1&/,!'(-!/1-'="0#'0#"$,#<+="#A1'(#",!-"&#$-/1?!"0#"',B+"#!(&#"$+"%&+%1+" B"$+"-W#!+"%#&+"2-W+",!-"/+!a<,&-/1?!"#'%1&1(,-$"01.#&#!(#7"8+&"$+"%&+!(+"%+0&4-" 0#/1&'#"D,#"#!"#$")1(+"#A1'(#",!-"'+2&#%&#'#!/1-"0#"$+"-W#!+=")1#!(&-'"D,#"#!"$-" /+!a<,&-/1?!"/1#!(4a/-"#a1'(#",!-"#)1!#!(#"%&#'#!/1-"0#$"#'%4&1(,"'+2&#"$+"-w#!+7" L!"(+&!+"-"$-"'+2&#%&#'#!/1-"0#"$+"-W#!+"#!"#$")1(+"6-''1&#&"!+'"01/#;"3m-".,#&C-" D,#"'#"-%+0#&-"0#"$-"/+!/1#!/1-"#!"#$")1(+"#'"&#-$"B"B-"!+"#'(E"2-W+"#$"/+!(&+$" 0#"$-")1')-"/+!/1#!/1-"hri="$-")1(+$+<4-"'#"+&1<1!-"0#"-$<+"1!0#%#!01#!(#"0#" (+0-"1!:#!/1?!".+&)-$57 Ud "L'(+"D,1#&#"0#/1&"D,#"#!"#$")1(+"#A1'(#="%+&"-'4"0#/1&$+=",!-"%&#'#!/1-")-B+&"0#"$+"0-0+"B",!-")-!1.#'(-/1?!")#!+&"0#$"#'%4&1(,7"L'(-" %&#'#!/1-"#'%1&1(,-$"'#":-"/+)%#!'-!0+"B"'+2&#%+!1#!0+"#!"$-")#010-"#!"D,#"#$" )1')+"#'%4&1(,":-"0#'-&&+$$-!0+",!-"-/(1:10-0")E'")-&/-0-"D,#0-!0+"%$-')-0-" #!"','"#A%&#'1+!#'"/-0-":#C")E'"'+a'(1/-0-'="(-$"/+)+"-/+!(#/#"#!"#$"-&(#"B" '+2&#"(+0+"#!"$-"/1#!/1-7"L!"$-'"/+!a<,&-/1+!#'"0#"$-"/1#!/1-="$-"&#-$10-0".4'1/-" 0#"$+"D,#"#'"%-&#/#"&#(&+/#0#&="#A1'(#",!-"#)1!#!(#"%&#'#!/1-"0#$"#'%4&1(,"B",!" &-'(&+")#!+&"0#"$+"0-0+7"L!"(+&!+"-"#'(+">$(1)+"#$"-,(+&"!+'"01/#;"3$-":#&0-0#&-" +2W#(1:10-0"0#$"/+!+/1)1#!(+"h#!"$-"/1#!/1-i"#'(E".,!0-0-"B"-'#<,&-0-"#!"$-" $12&#"#'%+!(-!#10-0"0#$"#'%4&1(,57 YZ "L'(-"$12&#"#'%+!(-!#10-0"0#$"#'%4&1(,"%,#0#" -%&#/1-&'#"/+!")-B+&"!1(10#C"#!"#A%&#'1+!#'"0#"$-'"/1#!/1-'".+&)-$#'="/+)+" $-")-(#)E(1/-"+"$-"/1#!/1-"!-(,&-$"%,&-="#!"0+!0#"#$"#'%4&1(,"'#"0#'%$1#<-"#!"$-" -,(+!+)4-"0#"',"$12&#"#'%+!(-!#10-0"/&#-!0+"','"%&+%1+'"/+!/#%(+'"B"a<,&-'7" U\ " L7"6-''1&#&="Esencia y efecto del concepto de símbolo="%7"udv7 Ud " L7"6-''1&#&="Filosofía de las formas simbólicas II="%7"YY7 YZ " L7"6-''1&#&="Esencia y efecto del concepto de símbolo="%%7"ucuxucy7

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16 6+!'10#&-/1+!#'"#!"(+&!+"-$"/+!/#%(+"0#"3'4)2+$+5" dd #!/,#!(&-"1!#A+&-2$#)#!(#"&#.#&10+"*-/1-",!-"'+$-"01&#//1?!;"*-/1-"-$<+"/+!/&# ',"/1&/,!'(-!/1-"0#(#&)1!-0-="%,#'"'#"-&(1/,$-"/+!"#$"%&+%?'1(+"0#"%-$1-&"-$<+" /+!/&#(+"B"#'%#/4a/+7 Esta característica es otro rasgo que nos permite ampliar nuestra distinción #!(&#"#$"'4)2+$+"B"#$"'1<!+="01'(1!/1?!")-(1C-0-"B-"!+"%+&"#$")+0+"0#"#A1'(#!/1-"0#" /-0-"/,-$="'1!+"%+&"#$"&-01+"-2-&/-0+&"0#"/-0-",!+7"L!"#'(#"'#!(10+="%+0&4-"0#/1&'#" D,#"#$"'4)2+$+"%,#0#"#!0#&#C-&"',"/-)1!+"%+&")>$(1%$#'":#&#0-'=")#01-!(#"$-'".+&)-'")E'":-&1-0-';"!+"'#"/+&&#'%+!0#"/+!",!"-D,4"B",!"-*+&-"#'%#/4a/+"0#$" #'"#$"<#'(+"0#",!-"&#-//1?!".,!/1+!-$"+"21+$?<1/-7"o,1#&#"$-"(+(-$10-0="#'"0#/1&=" /,$-&10-0")-(#&1-$="D,#&1#!0+"#!:+$:#&"-"$-"(+(-$10-0"0#'0#"$-"1!)-(#&1-$10-0"0#$" '#!(10+7"L$"-,(+&"0#"8$&5(/%/.2$&"#&($%&./'0$%&%*096(*7$%&dice que el signo es +%#&-0+&="%+&D,#"-$"#'(-&"1!'#&(+"#!"$-"!-(,&-$#C-="+%#&-"0#'0#"#'(-")1')-"'1!" %+'121$10-0"-$<,!-"0#",!"0#'%&#!01)1#!(+"+2W#(1:+7"8+&"#$"/+!(&-&1+="#$"'4)2+$+" #'"%+&"-!(+!+)-'1-"),$(1.,!/1+!-$="+"'1"'#"%&#a#&#="#'"01!-)1')+"%#&)-!#!(#" B"!+"'#"#!/,#!(&-"/#S10+"-",!-"/1&/,!'(-!/1-"#'%#/4a/-="#$"'4)2+$+"%+&"-!(+!+)-'1-"(&-'/1#!0#"#$"-D,4"B"#$"-*+&-7" Justo por esto nuestro autor agrega: LA1'(#"+(&-"/-&-/(#&4'(1/-"0#"$+'"'4)2+$+'"D,#"-/+)%-S-"B"/+)%$#(-"h$-"-!(# &1+&i7"Un símbolo no sólo es universal sino extremadamente variable7"8,#0#" #A%&#'-&"#$")1')+"'#!(10+"#!"101+)-'"01:#&'+'"B="-,!"0#!(&+"0#"$+'"$4)1(#'" 0#",!"'+$+"101+)-",!-")1')-"10#-"+"%#!'-)1#!(+"%,#0#"'#&"#A%&#'-0-"#!" (9&)1!+'"01.#&#!(#'7"J!"'1<!+"+"'#S-$"#'(E"&#$-/1+!-0+"/+!"$-"/+'-"-"D,#"'#" &#a#&#"0#",!")+0+">!1/+"b"aw+7"=/"/&%*1-/&7/-7'#)/&#&*-"*+*",$(&%#&'#5#'#& a cierta cosa individual7"j!"'4)2+$+"*,)-!+"<#!,1!+"!+"'#"/-&-/(#&1c-"%+&" ',",!1.+&)10-0"'1!+"%+&"',":-&1-21$10-07"f+"#'"&4<10+"+"1!s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bid.="%%7"^[X^V7"bm-'"/,&'1:-'"'+!")4-'7e

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