Presente progresivo Estoy cantando. Pretérito perfecto He cantado. He estado cantando

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1 PRESENTE PASADO FUTURO NOMBRE TIEMPO TRADUCCIÓN USOS Presente simple I work/ She works Presente continuo To be + -ing Pres perf simple I have + participle *(regular o irregular) Presente Canto Presente progresivo Estoy cantando Pretérito perfecto He cantado Pres perf continuo Pretérito perfecto I have been + -ing He estado cantando Pasado simple Pret.Indefinido/imperfecto Infinitive + ed *(regular o Canté / cantaba irregular) Pasado continuo To be past (was/were) + -ing Pas perf simple I had + participle * Pas perf continuo I had been + -ing Futuro simple I will + infinitive Futuro going to To be going to + infinitive Pret. Indef. / imperfecto Estaba cantando Pret. Pluscuamperfecto Había cantado Pret. Pluscuamperfecto Había estado cantando Futuro imperfecto Cantaré Futuro de intención Voy a cantar Acciones habituales Verdades generales Acciones en proceso de realización Acciones futuras (con adverbios de tiempo) Acción pasada relacionada con el presente Acción pasada que continúa en el presente Acciones pasadas terminadas Narraciones en pasado Acciones pasadas en proceso de realización Acciones pasadas anteriores a otra también pasada. Acción pasada en proceso de realización anterior a otra también pasada. Futuro no planeado. Decisiones tomadas en el momento de hablar Futuro planeado ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA On+ days of the week Every+ Always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never Today Now At the moment Already, yet Never, ever, just For, since Yesterday Last + Ago when While By the time Tomorrow Next + 1

2 Futuro continuo I will be + -ing Futuro perf simple I will have+ participle Futuro perf continuo I will have been +ing Condicional I would work Condicional perfecto I would have worked Futuro progresivo Estaré cantando Futuro perfecto Habré cantado Futuro perfecto Habré estado cantando Condicional Trabajaría Condicional perfecto Habría trabajado 2

3 PRESENT PRESENT SIMPLE: Este es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones permanentes o que tienen lugar en el presente y con una frecuencia determinada, es decir, cada día, cada mañana, etc. + Affirmative: Subject + verb (infin.) s + complements Examples. - I eat a lot. \ He eats a lot. - Negative: Subject + do/does not + verb (infin.) + complements I don t / do not eat much. \ He doesn t / does not eat much.? Interrogative: (QW) + do/does + subject + verb (infin.) + compl.? Do you eat much? \ Why does he eat much? * Passive: Subject ( CD ) + is/are + verb (participio) +compl. + I eat a lot of chocolate \ *A lot of chocolate is eat (by me) PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente, en el mismo momento en el que se está enunciando la frase y para un futuro organizado. + Affirmative: Subject + to be (present) + verb (infin.)-ing +complements I am eating a hot-dog \ He is eating a hot-dog -Negative: Subject + to be not (present) + verb (infin.)-ing +complements I m not / am not eating a hot-dog\ He isn t/is not eating a hot-dog? Interrogative: (QW) + to be(present)+ subject + verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Are you eating a hot-dog?\ What is he eating now? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + is/are+ being+ verb (participio) +compl. +They are repairing my piano\* My piano is being repaired (by them) PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente, acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan en el presente o acaban de terminar o tienen consecuencias en el presente. + Affirmative: Subject + have/has + verb (participio) + complements I ve/ have walked for two hours\ He s/has walked for two hours. -Negative: Subject + have/has not + verb (participio) + complements I haven t/have not walked for two hours\he hasn t/has not walked?interrogative: (QW) + have/has + subject + verb (participio) + compl.? Have you walked for two hours?\has he walked for two hours? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + have/has+ been+ verb (participio) +compl. + They have found the car\ *The car has been found PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para hablar de una acción pasada que acaba de concluir, cuyo resultado es evidente; para hablar de una acción que empezó en el pasado y puede haber acabado recientemente o que continúa en el presente, se resalta la duración de la actividad con for o since. +Affirmative: Subject + have/has + been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements I ve/ have been running this morning\ He s/has been running for one hour -Negative: Subject + have/has not + been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements I haven t/have not been running for two hours\he hasn t/has not been running since yesterday.?interrogative :(QW)+ have/has + subject +been+ verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Have we been cooking for a hour?\has he been running this morning? *Passive: Subject( CD ) + have/has+ been +being+ verb (participio) +compl. + PAST PAST SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, sin que importe excesivamente el momento del pasado en el que tuvieron lugar. + Affirmative: Subject + verb (past) + complements Examples. I played in the park. \ He ate a lot. - Negative: Subject + did not + verb (infin.) + complements I didn t/did not eat much. \ He didn t/did not play in the park.? Interrogative: (QW) + did + subject + verb (infi.) + compl.? Did you eat much? \ Did he play in the park? * Passive: Subject ( CD ) + was/were+ verb (participio) +compl. 3

4 +Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet \* Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare PAST CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal en el que se expresan acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, pero en un momento concreto. + Affirmative: Subject + to be(past) + verb(infin.)-ing +complements I was eating a hot-dog \ You were sleeping in the park -Negative: Subject + to be not(past) + verb(infin.)-ing +complements He wasn t/was not eating a hot-dog\ We weren t/were not playing?interrogative: (QW) + to be(past)+ subject + verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Were you eating a hot-dog?\ What was he doing in each moment? * Passive: Subject ( CD ) + was/were+ being+ verb (participio) +compl. +They were opening the door\*the door was being opened(by them) PAST PERFECT SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado menos reciente que el que se expresa en el Present Perfect. Es lo que se denomina el pasado del pasado (past in the past). Una acción que ha tenido lugar antes de otra en el pasado + Affirmative: Subject + had + verb (participio) + complements I d / had gone when they arrived\he d/had gone when they arrived. -Negative: Subject + had not + verb (participio) + complements I hadn t/had not gone when they arrived?interrogative: (QW) + had + subject + verb (participio) + compl.? Had you gone when they arrived? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + had+ been+ verb (participio) +compl. +I d bought it when they arrived/*it had been bought (by me) when they arrived PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para dar énfasis a la duración de una acción pasada, la cual ha sucedido antes que otra acción pasada. +Affirmative: Subject + had + been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements I d/had been running this morning\ He d/had been running -Negative: Subject + had not + been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements You hadn t/had not been running for two hours?interrogative:(qw)+ had + subject + been + verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Had they been speaking on the phone? *Passive: Subject( CD ) + had + been +being+ verb (participio) +compl. + FUTURE FUTURE SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una predicción del futuro, hacer promesas, hacer un ofrecimiento, tomar una decisión en el momento de hablar. + Affirmative: Subject + will + verb (infin.) + complements Examples. You ll/will return tonight/ He ll/will return tonight - Negative: Subject + will not + verb (infin.) + complements I won t/will not write you every day..? Interrogative: (QW) + will + subject + verb (infi.) + compl.? Will they return tonight? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + will (o un modal) + be+ verb (participio) +compl. FUTURE GOING TO : Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar un plan o una intención de futuro + Affirmative: Subject + to be +going to+ verb (infin.) + complements Examples. You re/are going to buy a new car/ He s/is going to buy a new car - Negative: Subject + to be not + going to+ verb (infin.) + complements I m not/am not going to buy a new car Interrogative: (QW) + to be + subject + going to+ verb (infi.) + compl.? Are you going to buy a new car? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + to be + going to be+ verb (participio) +compl. 4

5 FUTURE CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una acción que estará sucediendo en un cierto tiempo en el futuro, para acentuar la duración de una acción en el futuro. + Affirmative: Subject + will + be+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Examples. You ll/will be travelling to Rome this time tomorrow - Negative: Subject + will not + be+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements I won t/will not be travelling to Rome this time tomorrow? Interrogative: (QW) + will + subject + be+ verb (infi.)-ing + compl.? Will they be travelling to Rome this time tomorrow? *Passive: Subject( CD )+ will+ be+ being+ verb (participio)+complements FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que habrán acabado en un punto concreto del futuro, al cumplirse el tiempo indicado. + Affirmative: Subject + will + have+ verb (participio) + complements I will have completed this job next week - Negative: Subject + will not + have+ verb (participio) + complements He won t/will not have completed this job next week? Interrogative: (QW) + will + subject + have+ verb (participio)+ compl.? Will he have completed this job next week? *Passive: Subject( CD )+ will+ have+ been+ verb (participio)+complements FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una acción inacabada en período inacabado en un punto en el futuro. + Affirmative: Subject + will + have+ been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Tomorrow, he ll/will have been working for a week - Negative: Subject + will not + have+ been+ verb (infin.)-ing + complements Probably, she won t/will not have been studying? Interrogative: (QW)+will + subject + have+been+ verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Will they have been fixing the car? *Passive:Subject( CD )+will+have+been+being+verb(participio)+complements FUTURE WITH GOING TO: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar intenciones, hablar de planes futuros, hacer predicciones de futuro a través de hechos evidentes en el presente. + Affirmative: Subject + to be+ going to+ verb (infin.) + complements Examples. I m going to stay at home - Negative: Subject + to be not + going to + verb (infin.)+ complements She isn t going to stay at home? Interrogative: (QW) +to be + subject +going to + verb (infi.)+ compl.? Are you going to stay at home *Passive: Subject( CD )+ is/are going to+ be+ verb (participio)+complements CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una acción hipotética condicionada por una acción presente o para expresar una acción de un futuro hipotético del tiempo pasado real. + Affirmative: Subject + would + verb (infin.) + complements Examples. I d/would eat an ice-cream (if I had money) - Negative: Subject + would not + verb (infin.) + complements I wouldn t/would not eat much even (if I could)? Interrogative: (QW) + would + subject + verb (infi.) + compl.? Would you eat an ice-cream (if you had it)? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + would+ be+ verb (participio) +complements +I would eat an ice-cream\*an ice-cream would be eaten by me 5

6 CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una acción hipotética en curso. +Affirmative: Subject+ would + be + verb (infin.)-ing + complements He would be lying in bed (if he were ill) -Negative: Subject+ would not + be + verb (infin.)-ing + complements He wouldn t/would not be waiting for us (if he had to)?interrogative: (QW)+ would + subject + be+ verb(infin.)-ing+ compl.? Would he be keeping a diet (if he wasn t fat)? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + be+ being+ verb (participio) + complements CONDITIONAL PERFECT: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar una acción hipotética del pasado, condicionada a otra acción hipotética del pasado. +Affirmative: Subject + would+ have +verb (participio) + complements You would have seen him (if you had met him) -Negative: Subject+ would not+ have+ verb (participio) + complments He wouldn t/would not have seen him (if he hadn t met him)? Interrogative: (QW) + would + subject + have + verb (participio) + compl.? Would I have left you (if you had been alone)? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + would+ have+ been + verb (participio) + compl. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente, acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan en el presente o acaban de terminar o tienen consecuencias en el presente. + Affirmative: Subject + have/has + verb (participio) + complements I ve/ have walked for two hours\ He s/has walked for two hours. -Negative: Subject + have/has not + verb (participio) + complements I haven t/have not walked for two hours\he hasn t/has not walked?interrogative: (QW) + have/has + subject + verb (participio) + compl.? Have you walked for two hours?\has he walked for two hours? *Passive: Subject ( CD ) + have/has+ been+ verb (participio) +compl. + They have found the car\ *The car has been found 6