Liceo 3 / Liceo 4 - PET - Basic Verbs. Modal auxiliaries - Substitute forms. Basic verbs. I must work harder. = I have to work harder.

Transcripción

1 Liceo 3 / Liceo 4 - PET - Basic Verbs Modal auxiliaries - Substitute forms I must work harder. = I have to work harder. I needn`t work tomorrow. I don`t have to work tener que hacer algo no tener que hacer algo tomorrow. I am able to speak German. = I can speak German. We are allowed to leave school at lunchtime. = We may leave school at lunchtime. You mustn`t talk in class! ser capaz de hacer algo tenemos el permiso de hacer algo podemos No debes hablar en clase! = You are not allowed to talk in class. You look tired, shall I help you?.. te ayudo? /.. quieres que te ayude? You really should work harder! Deberías. Basic verbs abuse accept - to accept an apology accompany ache achieve act - act in a play - act strangely - act in a stupid way add - add numbers address an envelope admire admit that / doing sth. advertise advise sb. to do sth. afford (I can`t afford that. / to do that) - agree to do sth. - agree with sb. - aim at doing sth. - We aim to put a stop to. to allow sb. to do sth. abusar de aceptar aceptar una disculpa acompañar doler lograr algo actuar / comportarse actuar en una obra de teatro comportarse de una manera rara comportarse de una manera tonta añadir algo / agregar / adicionar sumar escribir la dirección en un sobre admirar admitir que / reconocer anunciar aconsejar poder permitirse algo estar de acuerdo para hacer algo estar de acuerdo con alguien apuntar Tenemos como objetivo permitir

2 announce sth. annoy sb. answer - answer a letter - answer the door - answer the phone apologize to sb. for doing sth. appear He appears to be sad today. = seem to be apply for a job approach approve of sth. / of sb. doing sth. argue about sth. arrange sth. / to do sth. - She arranged the flowers beautifully. arrest arrive (at a place) ask for sth. - ask for permission - ask a question attach sth. to sth. - attach importance to sth. attack attempt to do sth. attend (school, a course) attract (attention) avoid doing sth. bake (a cake) balance bang / She banged her knee. bar a door / The door was barred. bargain with sb. - The book is based on a true story. - The company is based in London. believe in sth. / in doing sth. beat (beat, beaten) become (rich / a teacher) (became, become) anunciar algo molestar / fastidiar responder responder a una carta ir a la puerta / atender la puerta contestar el teléfono disculparse por / pedir perdón aparecer parecer ser solicitar acercarse aprobar/autorizar algo / a alguien a hacer algodiscutir organizar arreglar / colocar detener / arrestar llegar a preguntar (por) pedir permiso hacer una pregunta adjuntar algo darle importancia a algo atacar intentar asistir (a la escuela, a un curso) atraer (atención) evitar hornear balancear/ equilibrar golpearse / darle un golpe bloquear / atrancar: La puerta estaba atrancada. regatear basarse en tener su sede en creer en golpear hacerse (rico / profesor) / convertirse en

3 begin to do sth. / by doing sth. behave (well, in a stupid way ) belong to sb. bend sth. (bent, bent) benefit from sth. bite (bit, bitten) blame sb. for doing sth. bleed (bled, bled) blow (blew, blown) board a plane boil (boilt, boilt) book (a flight, a hotel) bomb borrow sth. from sb. break (broke, broken) - Somebody broke into the house last night. - The car has broken down. - break a record breathe bring (brought, brought) - Who bought that topic up? - She was brought up in London. - She brings up her kids on her own. brush build (built, built) burn (burnt, burnt) bury buy (bought, bought) - buy sth. online - call (sb) - I call myself Harry. I`ll call for you at 7. cancel carry - carry on doing - carry out a plan care about empezar a comportarse ser de alguien doblar / inclinar beneficiarse de morder echarle la culpa a alguien sangrar soplar abordar un avión hervir reservar bombardear pedir prestado algo a alguien romper(se) Alguin forzo (entro a robar) en la casa anoche. el auto se rompió romper un récord respirar traer Quién emepzó a hablar de esto? Ella fue criada en Londres. Ella cría a sus hijos sola. cepillar construir quemar enterrar comprar comprar algo por Internet llamar llamarse Te buscaré a las 7. cancelar llevar continuar hacienda algo llevar a cabo un plan preocuparse por algo / alguien

4 catch (caught, caught) cause (an accident / problems) celebrate challenge sb. to do sth. change - change one s mind charge (money for sth.) chat (with sb. about sth.) check - check into a hotel / out of a hotel choose to do sth. / from sth. (chose, chosen) claim to be / that clap (one s hands) clean climb (a mountain, a ladder ) close (a window, the door) collect comb (one s hair) command (a group soldiers) communicate with sb. compare sth. to sth. compete with sb. for sth. complain about sth. concentrate on sth. / on doing sth. confirm (a date / a flight ) connect (sth. with sth.) consider doing sth. consist of contact sb. (at a phone number) contain continue doing sth. / to do sth. control cook cool down (the temperature, tempers) copy correct atrapar causar celebrar desafiar cambiar de / variar cambiar de opinión cobrar charlar comprobar registrarse/ irse de un hotel elegir (de) afirmar aplaudir limpiar trepar cerrar coleccionar peinar mandar/ordenar comunicarse comparar competir con alguien por algo quejarse sobre concentrarse en confirmar conectar algo con otra cosa considerer consistir en contactarse con contener algo continuar hacienda algo controlar cocinar enfriar copier corregir

5 cost (cost, cost) cough count - I count on you! crash into create cross (the street) - Cross that out and write it again. cruise the streets cry cure sb. from sth. cut (cut, cut) - She cut up the cake into small pieces. - to cut down trees damage dance date (a boy / girl) deal with (a problem, a person) decide to do sth. declare sth. / to make a declaration decrease (by %) defeat defend (oneself) be delayed deliver demand depart (The plane departs at. ) depend on (It depends on what you want to do.) describe sth. to sb. deserve to do sth. design destroy develop / develop into dial a number die of differ from costar toser contar algo contra con alguien chocar con crear cruzar la calle tachar y escribirlo de nuevo pasear en coche llorar curarse de algo cortar cortar/ dividir una torta en pequeños partes talar dañar bailar citar/ salir con (salir en una cita) hacer frente a un problema decidirse a hacer algo declarar disminuir derrotar defender(se) estar retrasado repartir demandar partir depender de describir merecer ganar diseñar destruir desarrollar algo / en algo discar un numero morir (de) diferenciarse de

6 dig (dug, dug) (a hole in the ground) disagree with sb. about sth. disappear disappoint discover discuss dislike doing sth. display disturb dive (dived or dove, dived) divide (by / into) doubt sth. / that draw (a picture) - draw the curtains dream about doing sth. dress - get dressed - dress up (for a special occasion) drink (drank, drunk) drive (drove, driven) drop dry dust (the floor, a bookshelf ) earn (money) eat (ate, eaten) educate elect (a president, a government ) employ (a person, a worker) empty (the rubbish bin) encourage sb. to do sth. I ended up doing it myelf. enjoy sth./ doing sth. enter (a room) entertain sb. escape from (prison) examine excavar no estar de acuerdo desaparecer decepcionar descubrir discutir no gustarle hacer algo / desagradar exponer/ mostrar molestar bucear dividir por/ entre dudar dibujar / hacer un dibujo cerrar la persiana soñar con / sobre algo vestir vestirse vestirse para una ocasión especial beber conducir /ir en coche dejar caer secar quitar el polvo ganar comer educar elegir emplear / dar trabajo vaciar alentar a alguien a hacer algo Terminé haciéndolo yo mismo. disfrutar de entrar entretener escapar de examinar algo/alguien

7 exchange sth. for sth. excuse sb. / oneself exist expect sb. to do sth. / sth to be experiment with explain sth. to sb. explode explore export fail to do sth. faint fall (fell, fallen) - fall in love fascinate fax feed (fed, fed) feel (felt, felt) - I don`t feel like going out tonight. fetch - I`ll fetch you from the station. - Can you fetch me a glass of water, please. fight (fought, fought) - Can you please fill in this form? - He filled up the car with petrol. find (found, found) - find out about - I must find out when he is arriving. finish fit into (fit, fit) float flood flow (water, a river) fly (flew, flown) fold follow forbid (forbade, forbidden) intercambiar excusarse existir esperar que algo/alguien haga algo experimentar con explicar explotar explorer exportar fracasar desmayarse caer enamorarse fascinarse con enviar un fax alimentar se sentirse No tengo ganas de salir esta noche. ir a buscar Te iré a buscar a la estación. Podrías irme a buscar un vaso de agua por? pelear Podría completar este formulario? llenar el auto con gasolina encontrar descubrir algo /enterarse de // averiguar algo Debo averiguar cuando está llegando. terminar entrar/caber flotar inundarse fluir volar doblar/ plegar seguirle a alguien prohibir

8 forget to do sth. freeze (froze, frozen) frighten fry gain experience get sth. (got, got / AE: gotten) - How do you get on with Harry? - How are you getting on with your work? - When did you get back from New York? - Can you get in through the window? - We ll get off at the next stop. - Get your coat on and then we can leave. - Where do I have to get on the bus? - When do you have to get up? - get rid of sth. give (gave, given) - When will you give me back the book? - He finally accepted my view and gave in. - He really needs to give up smoking. - I must give way to traffic at a roundabout. glance at go (went, gone) govern (a country) grow (grew, grown) - grow up guard guess /take a guess guide - Please hand in your work on Monday? - Can you please hand out the worksheets? handle (a situation well or badly) hang (hung, hung) (a picture) - She hung up at the end of phone call. happen - hate - hate doing sth. / to do sth. have (had, had) olvidar congelar asustar freír ganar experiencia conseguir algo/ recibir algo / hacerse con Cómo congenias/te llevas con Harry? Cómo te llevas con tu trabajo? Cuándo vuelves de Nueva York? Puedes entrar por la ventana? Nos bajaremos en la próxima parada. Ponte la chaqueta y luego nos vamos. Dónde tengo que subirme al ómnibus? Cuándo te tienes que levantar? deshacerse de dar Cuándo me devolverás el libro? Finalmente se rindió. Realmente tiene que dejar de fumar. Debo ceder el paso en una rotonda. mirar/ echar un vistazo ir gobernar crecer criarse proteger / defender adivinar guiar entregar un trabajo distribuir una tarea manejar una situación bie/ mal colgar el teléfono Ella colgó al final de nuestra conversación ocurrir / suceder /pasar odiar / detestar No me gusta nada... tener

9 - have to do sth. - have a good / poor memory help hear (heard, heard) - hear from sb. help heat (a room, a house) hit (hit, hit) help sb. to do sth. hide (hid, hidden) (sth. / oneself) hire (a car) hit (hit, hit) hold (held, held) - hold a meeting tener que hacer algo tener buena / mala memoria ayudar oír tener noticias de ayudar calendar/ chocar con ayudar a alguien a hacer algo esconder contratar/emplear golpear llevar / sostener tener una reunión - I was help up in heavy traffic an hour. hope that / for sth. hurry up imagine doing sth. import (goods) improve include doing sth. (My job includes traveling a lot. ) increase influence inform sb. about sth. injure / get injured insist on doing sth. insure against intend to do sth. interrupt introduce invade (a country) invent invite sb. to sth. / sb. to do sth. involve (My job involves working late.) iron / do the ironing join (a club) esperar que / tener la esperanza que darse prisa imaginarse hacienda algo importar mejorar incluir (Mi trabajo incluye viajar mucho.) aumentar influenciar/ influir informar sobre herir / resultar herido insistir sobre asegurar contra intentar hacer algo interrumpir algo/ alguien presentar invadir inventar invitar implicar (Mi trabajo implica trabajar hasta tarde.) planchar unirse a

10 - join the army alistarse en el ejército joke about sth. judge sb. by sth. jump keep sth. (kept, kept) - keep doing sth. = to keep on doing sth. - Keep up the good work! - keep calm - keep straight on - keep a promise kick kill kiss knit (knit or knitted / knit or knitted) knock (on the door) - The fall knocked him out. know about lack land (plane) - land on one s feet last laugh about lay (laid, laid) lead (lead, lead) sb. somewhere - Where does this road lead? - Which team is leading? learn to do sth. (learnt, learnt) leave (left, left) - eave sb. - He left out some important facts. lend (lent, lent) (sb. money) let sb. do sth. (let, let) - Let me think. - Let s go out tonight! lie (lay, lain) / to lie down down lie to sb. Please help me to lift this table. bromear juzgar saltar mantener seguir / continuar haciendo algo Qué siga el buen trabajo! mantenerse tranquilo seguir todo recto/ derecho mantener/ cumplir una promesa patear matar besar hacer punta golpear (la puerta) El golpe lo hizo perder el conocimiento saber (de) carecer de aterrizar caer parado durar reírse (de) colocar dirigir A dónde me lleva esta calle? Qué equipo está primero? aprender irse / marcharse abandonar El dejo afuera hechos importantes. prestar dejar a alguien hacer algo Déjame pensar. Vamos a salir esta noche! estar tumbado / tumbarse mentirle a alguien Ayúdame a levantar esta mesa.

11 like sth / doing sth. limit (the damage) listen to sb. / music / the radio live load lock (up) look - look like / She looks like her sister. - It looks like we have to. - Who`s looking after the baby now? - to look around - I`m looking forward to going to the party. - Look out, the traffic is very heavy. - Look up the meaning in a dictionary. lose (lost, lost) love sb. tlove doing sth. lower (standards, one s expecta<tions) manufacture mail / to send by mail make (made, made) - make sb. do sth. - make sure that - make (a story) up manage to do sth. manage (a club, band...) mark marry match matter - It doesn t matter. mean (meant, meant) - I mean that... - What does this mean? - What do you mean? / What do you mean by? - I didn`t mean to hurt you. measure gustar algo/ alguien limitar escuchar ( música / oír la radio) vivir cargar/llenar cerrar con llave mirar parecerse a / Ella se parece a su hermana. Parece que tenemos que Quién esta cuidando al bebe ahora? echar un vistazo Espero ir a la fiesta. Cuidado, el transito esta pesado. Buscar el significado de una palabra en el diccionario. perder amar gustarle mucho a uno bajar/reducir fabricar enviar un mail (correo electrónico) hacer algo hacer que alguien haga algo asegurarse que inventar (una historia) manejarse /arreglárselas para hacer algo gestionar algo señalar/calificar casarse igualar importar No tiene importancia. significar Quiero decir que Qué significa esto? Qué quieres decir? / Que quieres decir con? No quería lastimarte. / tener la intención de hacer medir

12 meet (met, met) melt mend mention doing sth. tmind - Would you mind if I call tomorrow? - Do you mind me smoking? - I don`t mind. / I don`t mind waiting a bit. - Mind your head! miss sb. / to miss doing sth. mix move move (to another flat / country) multiply by murder name - Can you name ten African countries? note sth. down notice sth. - Did you notice anything wrong? need to do / to be offer (sb.) to do sth. open - open an account operate order organize overtake a car (overtook, overtaken) owe sb. sth. (You owe me an excuse.) pay (paid, paid) pack (a suitcase) paint park (a car) part from someone pass (time, an exam) phone conocer/encontrarse con derretir remendar /zurcir mencionar importar Tienes inconveniente si te llamo mañana? Te importa si fumo? No tengo inconveniente. Preocúpate por tus cosas! extrañar a alguien / extrañar hacer algo mezclar mover(se) mudarse / trasladarse multiplicar por asesinar nombrar/poner un nombre Puedes nombrar 10 países africanos? anotar darse cuenta/advertir/percibir Adviertes algo malo? necesitar ofrecer abrir abrir una cuenta corriente operar algo pedir (en un bar o restaurante) / ordenar, mandar organizar algo adelantar deber pagar hacer el equipaje / hacer las maletas pintar algo estacionar despedirse pasar (tiempo/ pasar un examen telefonear / hablar por teléfono

13 pick up (from the flor) recoger pay (for) play - play the part of someone (= to act) please point at sth. post a letter pour (a drink / coffe) practise doing sth. press prefer doing sth. to doing sth. / sth. to sth. prepare press - press a button prevent sb. from doing sth. print sth. produce promise (sb.) to do sth. pronounce (a word correctly) protect sb. from sth. prove sth. provide sb. with sth. pull punish sb. for sth. / sb. for doing sth. push put (put, put) - Put the book away. - The meeting was put off until the next week. - He put on a suit. - The fire was quickly put out. - The have put up the prices again. qualify for quit (quit, quit) (a club) - quit doing sth. rain raise sth. (Raise your arm.) - raise prices pagar jugar a hacer/desempeñar el papel de (actuar) complacer a alguien señalar algo enviar una carta derramar practicar apretar preferir preparar apretar / empujar presionar un botón impedir / evitar imprimir producir prometer pronunciar proteger probar proveer tirar / estirar castigar empujar poner / colocar guardar el libro posponer ponerse un traje El fuego fue rápidamente apagado. Tuvieron que subir los precios nuevamente. calificar para abandonar dejar de hacer algo llover levantar (Levanta tu brazo.) levantar/subir precios

14 reach (a place) / for sth. read - read a notice realize that receive recognize sb. / that recommend sth. / sb. to do sth. record (a song) recover from (an illness, a shock) reduce by.% refund money refuse to do sth. regret sth./ doing sth. relax remain (somewhere / seated / silent) remember sth. / doing sth. - Pease remember to buy some milk. - You remind me of your little sister. - Please remind me to bring remove sth. from rent sth. (a car, flat ) repair repeat doing sth. replace sth. by reply sth. to sb. report sth. to sb. request require - This requires a lot of skill. rescue sb. from reserve (a seat, a hotel room) respect rest (from work) / to have a rest - The doctor told me to rest. retire (from work / from a job) return (home) llegar a / alcanzar leer leer un anuncio darse cuenta de recibir reconocerle a alguien recomendar algo grabar una canción recuperarse reducir devolver/reintegrar dinero negarse a hacer algo / rechazar arrepentirse de relajar(se) permanecer (en un lugar, sentado) recordar / acordarse de Acuérdate de.! Me recuerdas a tu hermana pequeña. Recuérdate traer remover/ eliminar alquilar reparar repetir sustituir responder reportar solicitar requerir Esto requiere mucha destreza. rescatar de reservar respetar descansar El doctor me dijo que descansara. retirarse retornar/ volver

15 review revise reward sb. for ring (rang, rung) (the phone/ door-bell) - Please ring back later. - I`ll give you a ring. rise (rose, risen) - The sun rises in the East revisar/ repasar revisar premiar a alguien por /recompensar sonar Por favor llama mas tarde. Te llamo después. El sol sale por el este. Los precios están subiendo. - Prices are rising. rob rule a country run - run in a race - run business - He ran out of time. - to run away sack sail save - save time / money say (said, said) score (a goal) scream at sb. search for sth. see (saw, seen) seem to be select sell (sold, sold) send (sent, sent) - send sth. by post separate sth. from sth. - She set off early for work. (set, set) - He set up his own business. sew (sewed, sewn) shake (shook, shaken) sit (sat, sat) - sit down robar algo gobernar un país correr correr una carrera manejar un negocio quedarse sin tiempo escaparse despedir (de un trabajo) navegar salvar a alguien ahorrar tiempo/ dinero decir hacer un gol gritarle a alguien buscar algo ver parecer seleccionar vender enviar enviar por correo separar de Ella partió temprano hacia el trabajo. El creó/estableció su propio negocio. coser sacudir estar sentado sentarse

16 - sit in the shade sentarse en la sombra shake share sth. with sb. - share a view shave shine (shone, shone) shock shoot (shot, shot) shout at sb. show (showed, shown) - Show it to me. shut (shut, shut) sign a (document) signal at sb. sing (sang, sung) sink (sank, sunk) The ship began to sink. ski sleep (slept, slept) slip on the ice smell (smelt, smelt) smile smoke snow We need to sort out the problem. That sounds like a good idea. speak (spoke, spoken) - speak to sb. - speak languages / a language spell (spelt, spelt) - spend time with (spent, spent) - spend money on play on a swing spill spoil sth. (spoilt, spoilt) stain agitar / temblar compartir compartir una opinión afeitarse brillar consternarse/ shockearse lanzar / tirar un tiro gritar enseñar / mostrar Muéstramelo. cerrar firmar hacer señas cantar hundirse El barco comenzó a hundirse. esquiar dormir resbalarse en el hielo oler sonreír fumar nevar Tenemos que solucionar el problema. Parece una buena idea. hablar hablar con hablar idiomas deletrear pasar tiempo con gastar dinero en hamacarse derramar echar a perder / estropear / malcriar manchar

17 stand stood, stood) - to stand up - I can`t stand smoking. start stay - stay behind steal (stole, stolen) stop - top doing sth. store sth. stress (the importance of sth.) strike (struck, struck) study succeed in doing sth. suffer - suffer from (shock) suggest doing sth. sum up (a story) supply sb. with sth. support sb. / support a team suppose - I suppose it s true. surprise sweep the floor (swept, swept) surprise twim (swam, swum) swing backwards and forwards (swang, swung) switch / turn on switch / turn off take st (took, taken) - take place - take a long time - take a holiday - take a photo - take part in sth. - take sth. away from sb. - take off (clothes) estar de pie ponerse de pie No puedo soportar... comenzar/ empezar quedarse / permanecer quedarse atrás / para atrás robar parar dejar de hacer algo almacenar estresarse hacer huelga/ paro estudiar tener éxito en algo sufrir sufrir de sugerir algo sumar abastecer / suministrar apoyar / apoyar un equipo = ser hincha de suponer Supongo que es verdad. sorprender barrer el piso sorprender nadar ir para atrás y para adelante encender apagar tomar/traer/ agarrar llevarse a cabo en tomarse mucho tiempo tomar vacaciones tomar una foto formar parte de sacar algo de alguien sacarse/ quitarse la ropa

18 - take up sth. / a new hobby comenzar algo nuevo talk - talk about - talk to tape a conversation taste sth. - This tastes good. (food) - taste of teach (taught, taught) tear (tore, torn) tell (told, told) - tell a story - tell the truth test sb. on sth. thank sb. for sth. think (thought,thought) - What are you thinking about? - I`ll think about it. throw (threw, thrown) hablar hablar de hablar con grabar una conversación probar (el sabor de algo) - esta rico / sabroso - tener sabor a enseñar rasgar contar / decir contar una historia decir la verdad testear/ poner a prueba agradecer pensar En que piensas? Lo pensaré. lanzar / tirar - throw away tidy up tie sth. to sth. (with a string) translate from...into travel trust sb. try to do sth. - try on clothes turn - Could you turn down the music? - How could you turn down that offer? - Please turn off the radio. - Can you turn on the TV, please. - It turned out to be the wrong number. type (a letter) understand = to see why (understood, understood) undress update arreglar / poner en orden atar traducir viajar confiar en intentar / probar to try on clothes girar Puedes bajar la música? Puedes rechazar la oferta? Puedes apagar la radio? Puedes encender la TV, por favor? Resultó ser un numero equivocado. escribir a maquina entender quitarse la ropa /desvestirse actualizar

19 use - use up I used to cycle a lot when I was young. visit vote for sb. (in an election) wait for sb. wake up / to wake sb. up (woke, woken) walk want to do sth. warn sb. of the dangers of doing sth. / not to do sth. wash (oneself) waste (money, time on) watch watch TV wave goodbye weaken wear (clothes) (wore, worn) - to wear off / Has the pain worn off yet? weigh welcome win (won, won) - win a race wind up the car windows. (wound, wound) wish witness wonder why / if work for sb. worry about write (a note / a letter) (wrote, written) utilizar / usar consumir Yo solía andar en bicicleta cuando era joven. visitar votar esperar a alguien despertarse / despertarle a alguien caminar / andar querer (hacer algo) advertir lavar desperdiciar / gastar (en) mirar / observar ver la televisión hacer adiós debilitar llevar puesto / usar ropa El dolor se fue? pesar dar la bienvenida a alguien ganar ganar una carrera cerrar/ levantar los vidrios del auto desear presenciar preguntarse trabajar (para) preocuparse por escribir (una nota / una carta)