Skilled Migration and Brain Drain from Latin America Çağlar Özden DECRG The World Bank The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its Executive Directors and the countries they represent.
Regional Distribution of Immigrants to the USA 10 8 6 2 Africa Middle East Eastern Europe Developed Countries Asia Latin America 1990s 1980s 1970s
MIgrants in the US Labor Force Decade 1980s of Arrival 1990s 2,700,000 2,000,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 - Venezuela Argentina Panama Chile Costa Rica Bolivia Mexico El Salvador Dom. Rep. Guatemala Cuba Jamaica Colombia Haiti Honduras Peru Ecuador Nicaragua Brazil Guyana Trin. & Tob. Migrants in the US Labor Force, by Decade of Arrival
Education by Region: Home-educated 8 6 2 Africa Asia Eastern Europe less than high-school high-school/some college Latin America Middle East college graduate Western Europe/ Canada United States
Education by Region: US-educated 8 6 2 Africa Asia Eastern Europe less than high-school high-school/some college Latin America college graduate Middle East Western Europe/ Canada United States
Migrants in the US Labor Force 1990s Arrivals 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 Latin America Mexico El Salvador Dom. Rep. Guatemala Cuba Jamaica Colombia Haiti Honduras Peru Ecuador Nicaragua Brazil Guyana Trin & Tob. Venezuela Argentina Panama Chile Costa Rica Bolivia Barbados Belize Grenada West Indies Uruguay Antigua-Barbuda Bahamas St. Vincent Dominica St. Lucia St. Kitts-Nevis Paraguay China India Philippines Russia Bachelor's Graduate
Migrants in the US Labor Force 1980s Arrivals 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 Dominica St. Lucia St. Kitts-Nevis Paraguay Latin America Mexico El Salvador Dom. Rep. Guatemala Cuba Jamaica Colombia Haiti Honduras Peru Ecuador Nicaragua Brazil Guyana Trin & Tob. Venezuela Argentina Panama Chile Costa Rica Bolivia Barbados Belize Grenada West Indies Uruguay Antigua-Barbuda Bahamas St. Vincent China India Philippines Russia Bachelor's Graduate
Share of Educated Population Living Abroad Caribbean Central America South America South Asia East Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East/North Africa Eastern Europe Western Europe North America 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Tertiary education at home and among immigrants to the US, 1990s
Percent of College Graduates in the US 1990 2000 9 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 Latin America Mexico El Salvador Dominica Guatemala Cuba Jamaica Colombia Haiti Honduras Peru Ecuador Nicaragua Brazil Guyana Trin & Tob. Venezuela Argentina Panama Chile Costa Rica Bolivia Barbados Belize Grenada West Indies Uruguay Antigua-Barbuda Bahamas St. Vincent Dom. Rep. St. Lucia St. Kitts-Nevis Paraguay
Share of College Educated Migrants by Age of Arrival to the US 35% 3 25% 2 15% 1 5% Mexico Central America Caribbean Andean South America 0-5 6-12 13-17 18-21
Labor Market Performance of Migrants Educated at Home 1990s Arrival 10 8 6 2 Latin America Mexico El Salvador Dominican Guatemala Cuba Jamaica Colombia Haiti Honduras Peru Ecuador Nicaragua Brazil Guyana/British Trinidad & Venezuela Argentina Panama Chile Costa Rica China India Philippines Russia Skilled Semi-Skilled
Percent of College Educated Migrants in Skilled Jobs in 2000 Mexico Guatemala United Kingdom Russia India China Kenya 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9
Occupation by Region: College Degree at Home 6 2 Africa Asia Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East Western Europe/ Canada United States skilled technician unskilled
Ecuador Colombia Brazil Jamaica Haiti minican Republic Cuba Guatemala El Salvador Mexico Australia Japan Germany Italy Ireland United Kingdom Canada Ukraine Russia goslavia (former) Romania Poland Hungary Pakistan India Vietnam Philippines South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong China us educated home educated Morocco Egypt Lebanon Iraq Iran South Africa Kenya Ethiopia Nigeria Ghana Predicted Probability of Employment of Female Migrants 1990s Arrival
Ecuador Colombia Brazil Jamaica Haiti Dominican Rep. Cuba Guatemala El Salvador Mexico Australia Japan Germany Italy Ireland United Kingdom Canada Ukraine Russia Yugoslavia Romania Poland Hungary home educated us educated Pakistan India Vietnam Philippines South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong China Morocco Egypt Lebanon Iraq Iran South Africa Kenya Ethiopia Nigeria Ghana 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 Labor Market Performance of Female Migrants 1990s Arrival CP21498T