UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA

Transcripción

1 UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA Estudio del Contenido de Compuestos Bioactivos en Tomate: Evaluación de la Materia Prima, Efectos del Tratamiento Tecnológico y Caracterización del Subproducto Dña. Verónica García Valverde 2014

2 Dª. María Jesús Periago Castón, Catedrática de Universidad del Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, y D. Francisco Javier García Alonso, Profesor Contratado Doctor del Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, ambos adscritos al Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología, AUTORIZAN: La presentación de la Tesis Doctoral como compendio de publicaciones titulada Estudio del contenido de compuestos bioactivos en tomate: evaluación de la materia prima, efectos del tratamiento tecnológico y caracterización del subproducto, realizada por Dª Verónica García Valverde, bajo nuestra inmediata dirección y supervisión, y que presenta para la obtención del grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Murcia. En Murcia, a 7 de Marzo de 2014 Fdo.: Dra. María Jesús Periago Castón Fdo.: Dr. Francisco Javier García Alonso Área de Nutrición y Bromatología Campus de Espinardo Murcia T F

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29 &..(. Q O >&''& B O B * * 66,. ;'.;3: B. '': B. 3&.;': B = 69& /. 1 / = 66; 1 # * # 9

30 1 / = 66;) &'' B 1 1 *+ - &''' %. E( = &''& B 1 7 *66& 5

31 )*+& %% B0D&''' / ;' &''M ) G+*G 666) C *01 666) D.> 1 6

32 # 1 &'') &''&) &''68; < 1 1 E 3 * # 8 &''' '&;LR 3' LR 1 &''6,5LR.?RM69&=659 *. 1 B 669) > 666 &'

33 : <>.@ &''3)@.B &'';)- &''6)- &' Fuente alimentaria -caroteno -caroteno Licopeno Tomate fresco mg/100 g mg/100 g % 71,6% Zumo de tomate mg/100 g 8-11 mg/100 g Ketchup n.d mg/100 g mg/100 g Tomate enlatado n.d mg/100 g mg/100 g Salsa de tomate mg/100 g 15.2 mg/100 g - 3.9% 24.1% Puré de tomate n.d mg/100 g mg/100 g Zanahoria mg/100 g mg/100 g n.d % 24.40% - Judías verdes mg/100 g % 3% - Espinacas n.d mg/100 g n.d % - Pimiento rojo n.d.-0.3 mg/100 g mg/100 g % - Sandía n.d mg/100 g mg/100 g % Naranja n.d mg/100 g n.d. 4.20% 2% - Plátano mg/100 g mg/100 g n.d.-0.2 mg/100 g 2.30% - - Albaricoque n.d mg/100 g mg/100 g 0.05 mg/100 g Pomelo rosa mg/100 g Guayaba n.d mg/100 g mg/100 g &

34 LR &''& &(( D * D / / D / S''; # (69±'3; (&&3±';; (36±9 5,'±'',((9±(& 3633±&9(,365±;& (,(&±(;& 3&6,±(&6 )*+&,@ 1 &&

35 1 D.> 1 + # 1* 1 1 / 0&''&)* &''3)+@ &'';)D.> 1 4&'')- &' / = &''&B 1 1 &.( 1 ** 66&)> &''' &(

36 1 8 &'')7 &''9 1 * &'' B & 1 +@ &''; B &6: D &''B &'( &''( +/+ &3

37 2+/+ ;': + # ;'6''-L+@ &''5 ;. * % % (. &': ;. < ** 66& + 1 1/ 665) C *01 666) &'') D.> 1 &''9 * &;

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40 HO Ácido elágico O O OH HO COOH HO OH HO Ácido gálico HO O O )*+&1 1# 1# # 1 * C1R 66; + 1# 8 =665+ D #.- &5

41 Fenilalanina NH 3 Fenialanina amonio liasa (PAL) Ácido trans-cinámico Derivados del ácido benzoico Ácido p-cumárico CoA-SH Ácido cafeico y otros fenilpropanoides simples Cumarinas Precursores de lignina p-cumaroil-coa Malonil CoA Chalcona sintasa Chalconas Flavonas Flavanonas Isoflavonas (isoflavonoides) Dihidroflavonoles Flavonoles Antocianinas Taninos condensados )*+&2D O F 1.A&''6 &6

42 + E5 Ácido cumárico Ácido clorogénico Ácido cafeico Quercetina Rutina Naringenina )*+&3 7 66&1 &5 (39LR1'LR 3LR 5 LR 1 < ('

43 < &LR / &'( 669 <@1 669 = 66, &''& ';5L'' 3(.(&5L'' '3.(' L'' '9&.3(,L'' '& L'' &, L'' + / 7=R 65' = O ) O+ +. (

44 8. &''6* &''6* #@ &''( &: + (;' * % &''' 8. = &'' < ( + 1 (&

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47 D666 %.# +. E 66(+.E6 %656 OH HOCH 2 CH H O O HO OH )*+&4 +. D (;

48 &&L'' # E &''9 E 1 1 1/ &''( 4 1&''&)@&''(/ 4 1 &''&)@ &''( 1 1* B669)> '6': L = &''6 (,

49 @ 1 1 ;.&' 1.& = 1 *669)>6698 < 1 & -.* 665 %656. D669 % 66, L 1 1. / &''' B 1 =/ &''' (9

50 , ) % ' E 8 E ' O #. 1 66; )*+&5 # D &'',8 73. ;. ;.-87E ;.-87E E (5

51 F;,95. F;..;,95. )*+& ;. + / = > &''; / % &''9?&''9* (6

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53 B &'& 1 1 *1 &'' &'+ B &'& ' 70 >

54 ('' +. (' (', 1 (&' =7B (& =78 D 669C =7B =78- &'' > &''6 6;: / 70 66&)B 666B # 1 >11 665* # &''& / 7 # B # D >11R.*0 &''9) 7.MR &'', 4 &'' B V,*W.;.-87E D 1R&''(- &'( 3&

55 ;.-87E 1 B. ( ) % &''()*+ &'',)- &' =66; * ;.. %. - &' * &'' B 8B@ *' + ' %=X&''& * ( LR > 666 E &''' +/+ *?R&' 3(

56 &'';) &''6)?R &' * * /, 6 > 8R R&''/ 0&''&)>.B&''6)4 &'' &'''+8, 33

57 &''.#%.*755* 0#.*7&0# 8 E (.993 (' 3'(.'', 8 & &; 3' J 95( &3'+ 6;5 (66 &3; 699 (''9 (' 6'& * 6&5 3' (9?,,' &' ((& * 9;' &; &55 * 11 &9 &; ;56 * (&56 (' * &''() D.> 1 >.B &''6* '' U@ 4&'' 1 D.> 1 &''9 * &''( M 3;

58 1 B&''') 8R R&'')* &''3)4&'' / = &''& 1 1 / 0 &''&)* &''3) N &''; 1 E.@ * 1 3,

59 > &''(4 &'' M / 7 66(B : &''5* # # # Y + 8 & (. 1 > > 66,)/ 0&''&)> 39

60 &''5 1 ;':@&'' * &'', &'', - 8 9) : + A < &'& 53;' % 8@ &'( G 1# 9;: 35

61 B L'' ;3L'' > &''3 < A 1 9;: E/8B&''6/ 1 / 1 1 F 1 >1 1 * 1&'',+ O ) 1 36

62 ?&''' + E/8 ) E/8 = &'')?. &''&)4&''3B * # C G / <&'B*BC&' 9&L+ * < C@ <&'' C/B,, E*B &'' &; L B ;:,5: * -.AA&''; '': B L ;(- &'' * * ;'

63 * & ((' )+# #' # 0*' ( )& %;% + D 1 / &''6)-.@@.- &'' O */0 / + < E 665 < < ;' ;'' Z) < < 1 1*RC&''( 1 < < ) ;

64 E &''; 1 D 1 / &''6 D &'', /0R&''; ;&

65 < 7 1= = # * 659 * #2 &''( < < + D 1 / &''6+ 1&''' 1 +? &''( C * ;(

66 D 1 / &'' / - >&'' ';(& L8= &''& C 7 B 1 ->&''6 ;3

67 , ; B ('&MLR7 & M ; / 5,;MLR7 & M+ 166; 2 4 R699)B &)0-66& GR 7 659) 0 66& + ;;

68 ;, 4 R655 B 66' [ \

69 6) BBB/7 >= 4 35&'9;]&'5 B BB 7 B / 7> = B 669 / & &'9.&& B = % 66' / O B 4@ C;&&5.(3 B*BC &' C < G H - * C / G / CG/ / OLL000 LB*BCL LL ^ L ^ ^L^ ^ ^ V O3.&_&'(W B0* D B2 &''' - B 4,(9(6.933 B1 = 1 = 8 A 2 / - * #@ B B 4% 656/ -? ` G * / 48R ;6.,5 B &''6 7R OLL LL L /EL=R ^8M-B8M^ 1 B MG 666 B O /CB E D D ('36.3&9 B **? &'& E O B E G 7.8 &(3&(.&, F>B 1.A@ &''6 - D = * E 2 & (O 6.3; &''6G**CO656.(,&' = # 1 B G 8 B 2 & E/ +- % G C - &'9. &3 = = -8 %>66,D = * 8 &3 ( *(96. *(96 = 4@ B 4 B E@ &'O 3;,.39( = 17/>%655Q &a B J1< = 1 GE * B. O CD 9O59_6' = /7 &'' 8 G D 4C ('&95&*.&95,* ;9

70 = B / 7> 1 8? * 4/ - C/ C 3&;.3&6 C 0 HRO = B / 7> &''' +. = * 8&5 5(6.53; = R D =R D = 2@ 4 % * &'' C (5O39. 3&' = >B4 17* M D 2D* =4+&''6 + C # + D - 9,(O(,.3; =X 2 = D 666 G 4 C(5(5.&; =X 2.C C+ E 11 -> *01 *4 &''& B ;'&&.&&, = 8% = B@ 4% &''& =.. = - && = C D 0 ;,(9.((( = > 66; * EB*= 4 6 ; ;;.;;5 =>+.4 * 7 2 =O * *bo = = = G*=C (.9,3(. &6'6.&G*=C'.59,.&6'6.& = 4> * /% ? J *4 7 4% &''; 8 4 C (;O&&,. B B - B -= &''( 7. - = 8 = R0 4 =/ 7 D 2 D 4 B >B -R -+ / ER G > * /*D B0 B0* D B2 &'' B 4 - * D- H +* + E 7@ &'''B + (; -C &'''@ O 4 * EB 5' '((.'3( ;5

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c D * & / D +> + B &'' O % &'O_, / % )8E)2B -G) A* 7) +0 D =)* =) 4 B) 2 7 J )@0 -)E 1 =) + C *) C 8 C 4- &''9(;9(;_3& / 0 2 % N B?? + D7 &''& 8 ;6

72 4 B ;'(''.('3 / - 7 4= 66( 1 B O*/ )26 /0R >/1R =* = =01 D > 7 B&'';D e. E@ 6(O&96.&6 / H/-/+ > > &''( 4 * E B 5((,6_(5& 0-B66&8 O BD 0C&6.(; 0 -B - D 66& O B C;; 3(,. 33& B 66; 2O B /1 *-< F 1>1 1* 1 &'', + C7&*&,. 9&G**C'&&.,f@M/CCA7MQ *2D(5 8 * 8 M >.G1 B + 4+ &''; =R 4 B ;( 99&_99&9 E MD 66( Q B J1 < E E 7-1 G B E &''; E E@ 6O (6;.3' E +@ -D D/- BE 2 C&''9B - CcED ;;,'6_,9 E *6658 A B H.&; E=2RCD - B - &''' + +/+ 0 B D *&36.;', > * M? =X 2 &''( ;O96,&.96,5 > = 4 * D *? - / D D E &'' E 4*E B5O5(;_53 >.BE4=*@4 1.@ / 4? -4 * 8 4 / R - 4B E@ ;9;,5;.,5&& B 4@ C,,,.&& >11 > B- > / B. 0,'

73 4B 3,35.3&& > /*? &''3 B 533;.; > >+ * M 8 * MEBB 96&;5(.;55 >/&'''/ C / ' (5. 33 >11R.*0g &''9 E '335'_35( > =B /R0R = 4= &'', D 1 4C(,O(6.33 > 4E +D 4 % H R D 3O((_(6 > 4E 66, 2 3 1# (a ) E MD O/ RR OC HR66,;(.,, > 666 B 1 ' # *, - # # EBGD D8/ 69. (&((6.& 70 =66&70 E D 70 = c > E D = M 7 4= 66( 8 O 65, +@7 7 1.D 1 - *. > B 666 C /1 * *B-< 7 -= &5 6 C 4 3 1# 3' & &(96_ &(5( 7.MR?C7H? c MR H &'', B = 4MA &53(;6_(,5 &'' O + d 4 * EB5O53&.5;& &''3 B =3&O93.5( 7*4?*G?0*- + =@ H - 4 3(O&(,_ &3 7 >- =R B 65' 693; ) E 11- >)*01* 4) E - + &''9 G 4 B ;;56;']56;9 70 ** 01.*1R- =0 &'& 7 8,

74 4 E * 99 ' '6.3 G+*G C B E@ * D 0 E * C(6&5;.&6; G0) B G) - G) C - 8) 2 + B) 7 R - ;. 4 B E@ ;& 35;_36& GR *+ 7 / 659 C E & G - G- &''; / D E E E B B &''&L&''; % /@O C B / O OLL000 Ld ^h'36'v O;.&_&'&W 4? >.B E4 D > -4 &'' * B + C,' &6&.65 4? -4=X2D R = 4 C66(9_3, 4 R /4B % 8-* 4 R B+ 655 * 36.;6 4 1 >? = E4D*2 - &3 9;_9; ; E G 4 G8 &''3 C 0 - D.E ;;.&6.&5 4 D BR * = * -R 8 &'' E O E D = c - ('& (6'_(66? =R 8 &''( * 7 L E@ 5&O(,. (,,?/) R >*) 7 ) *?-) /)@ *=) / D O 0 1 B D &''9 ;& ('('_ ('(5?HGOB 0OG &''' 5)5&(;.&;9?RJ+47 R B 7 R? &' / 0 +%8_E* 8 339'(.9'?R + C H M/ 69&. 4E* (9 ;,.;6,&

75 ?. - * 8 / *R.% 7- /@ = R 8@ M =7 * B=&''&7.*.E % 8. = 1 * * D ++ B 9 % R 4 B / B'&3;'(_;' +. 00?D - 2 / Q &''5 D = ';O;3_;&( +@7@ =7&'';* ED 8 &&&93.&5' + B = GD@ 1 E= 82<4D666i dd C BO,,.9' / + 1 > 66; + 8 / A - - > > 8 >< G = B >.+ E M. B =? 2- =X = / * A &''6 D O R0 R - C c E D ;(& 63.&5 * B &''3 O B C 96O9& ?.** 665 C? 6a ->0.7. G -/E >-&''& + O 1 [ \ B C*6O9.&, G -4 B &''& 4 * EB 5&(&(.((' - 4 > -B &''6-4 C B 7- -.@B@.- &'' G E / E B 7 G B D 8 B.9 - C>.BE4D> -4 &'( B 0 V,*W.;. E@ (,653_655 - B* / 4+ /B % B+ ER C 665 E 0. 4 B 3,95( B B - B &''6.'/ OLL000 L L L L. L.. L&''L d h (ch(ch,c h&9 V O3.&_&'(W,(

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