ICT and labor markets in the NAFTA countries

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María Nieves Ortega Morales
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1 ICT and labor markets in the NAFTA countries COMMISSION FOR LABOR COOPERATION Patricia López-Guerra 1

2 Since mid-90 s in the three countries: The ICT sector has made a substantial contribution to the total economy ICT sector growth has been remarkably higher than GDP growth Employment in the ICT sector has increased more rapidly than total employment ICT have changed the way many enterprises conduct business and communicate 2

3 In 2002, the ICT sector... In Canada: contributed $34.6 billion to GDP, representing 5.5% of total output Sector TIC como % del PIB Canadá Fuent e: Industry Canada EUA In the USA: contributed $831.5 billion to GDP, representing 7.9% of total output Nota: Industrias productoras de TI. Fuente: U.S. Department of Commerce. México In Mexico: contributed $6.3 billion to GDP, representing 3.7% of total output Fuente: INEGI. Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales de México. 3

4 Sector TIC PIB total ICT growth versus GDP growth ICT sector performance has been more dynamic than GDP growth in the last years Cambio porcentual del PIB total y del sector TIC Canadá Fuente: Industry Canada. In the 2001 recession, ICT output growth suffered a decline. However, this sector still contributed significantly to GDP growth E.U.A Nota: Datos sin ajuste por inflación. Fuentes: U.S. Department of Commerce. Recovery begun immediately in 2002, with ICT service industries growing faster than ICT manufacturing industries México Fuente: INEGI. 4

5 ICT Sector (NAICS 2002) Computer Hardware NAICS code Software and Computer Services NAICS code Electronic computers Wired telecommunications carriers Computer storage devices Cellular and other wireless carriers Computer terminals Telecommunications resellers Other computer peripheral equipment Cable and other program distribution Electron tubes Satellite and other telecommunications services ,9 10 Bare printed circuit boards Software publishers Semiconductors and related devices ISPs and web search portals ,2 Electronic capacitors Data processing and related services Electronic connectors Custom computer programming services Printed circuit assemblies Computer systems design services Miscellaneous electronic components ,6,9 Computer facilities management services Industrial process variable instruments Other computer-related services Electricity and signal testing instruments Computer and software wholesalers Analytical laboratory instruments Computer and software retailers Semiconductor machinery Office machine rentals and leasing Office machinery Computer and office machine repair Software reproducing Communications equipment repair and leasing Magnetic and optical recording media Telephone apparatus Broadcast and wireless communications equipment Audio and video equipment Fiber optic cable manufacturing Fuente: Estimaciones realizadas por el U.S. Department of Commerce 2003, derivadas de la Encuesta Actual de Empleo (Current Employment 5

6 How ICT contributes to economic growth? = + Labor productivity growth Capital deepening TFP growth 2 3 ICT using sectors ICT capital per worker increases TFP growth (through reorganization of production) 1 ICT producing sectors Source: Zhen-Wei Qiang & Alexander Pitt (2004). Falling relative prices of ICT goods TFP growth (through technological progress) 6

7 ICT infrastructure in the three NAFTA countries Country Year Personal computers Internet users Telephone mainlines Mobile phones Canada USA Mexico Source: World Bank Indicators. Image from Cisco. 7

8 Sector TIC Empleo total In 2002, ICT sector employment In Canada, represents almost 4% of total employment % Cambio porcentual anual del empleo Canadá In the USA, represents 4.4% of total employment Fuente: Statistics Canada e Industry Canada. EUA Fuente: U.S. Department of Commerce. Digital Economy 2003, and Current Population Survey. In Mexico, employment in the ICT manufacturing sector represents less than 1% of total employment in manufacturing México Fuente: INEGI y ENE. 8

9 Composition of employment in the ICT sector, 2002: Composición del empleo en el sector TIC Canadá % 80 Manufacturas Servicios Ventas al mayoreo In Canada, ICT services represent 70% of total employment in the ICT sector Fuente: Statistics Canada e Industry Canada Estados Unidos In the USA, ICT services share is 75% of total ICT employment Fuente: U.S. Department of Commerce. Digital Economy In Mexico, available information shows that manufacturing of computers represents 76% or total ICT manufacturing México Composición del empleo en el sector TIC manufacturero Procesamiento informático Comunicación, transmisión, señalización Fuente: INEGI 9

10 Computer and Internet access at work 10

11 Estados Unidos. Población empleada que usa computadora o Internet en el trabajo, por industria, 2001 Usa computadora Usa Internet Self-employed workers Government workers Private wage and salary workers 38.4 Total Fuente: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Encuesta de la Current Population Survey (CPS) sobre Uso de la Computadora, % 11

12 Canadá Uso de TIC por tamaño de industria Use o f P Cs Use of the Internet Website Large Medium Small Fuente: Survey of Electronic Commerce and Technology, %

13 México Establecimientos con equipo de cómputo por sector de actividad económica, según tamaño del establecimiento, 1998 Grandes Medianos Pequeños Agroindustria Construcción Manufacturas Comercio Servicios INEGI

14 Computer and Internet use among the employed 14

15 Estados Unidos Empleados en el sector no agricultor, por industria, que usan computadora o Internet en el trabajo Usa computadora Usa Internet Services Finance, insurance, and real estate Retail trade Wholesale trade Transportation and public utilities Manufacturing Construction Mining Total sector no agricultor Fuente: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Encuesta de la Current Population Survey (CPS) sobre Uso de la Computadora,

16 Canada Computer use among the employed, by industry Services Finance and insurance Transportation.. Retail trade Wholesale trade Manufacturing Construction Mining.. Internet Computers -w- t Agriculture.. Fuente: Statistics Canada % 16

17 México Establecimientos con equipo de cómputo por sector de actividad económica, 1999 Agroindustria Construcción Manufacturera Servicios Comercio Correo electrónico Total Internet % Fuente: INEGI. 17

18 Computer and Internet use by occupation 18

19 Estados Unidos Población empleada por ocupación, 2001 % 100 Usa computadora Usa Internet Total Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Service occupations Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing Fuente: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Encuesta de la Current Population Survey (CPS) sobre Uso de la Computadora,

20 % 100 Canada Computer use by occupation Management Professional Technical Clerical Sales and service Fuente: General Social Survey, Equipment operators Primary Manufacturing 20

21 USA Type of computer activity at work, 2001 Programming Mujeres Hombres Graphics, D Spread-sheets, db Internet or Word processing Nota: No incluye todas las actividades. Fuente: BLS. % 21

22 Thank you! Commission for Labor Cooperation 22

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