RESUMEN UNIDAD 5. Los adjetivos carecen de género y número. Ejemplo: The red car belongs to Mr Newman. / The red cars belong to Mr Newman.

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1 Unidad 4. Resumen Página 1 de 8 1. Adjectives RESUMEN UNIDAD Forma Los adjetivos carecen de género y número. The red car belongs to Mr Newman. / The red cars belong to Mr Newman. Hay nombres colocados delante de otros nombres que adquieren las características del adjetivo: I found a five-pound note on my bed. They have got a five-year-old daughter. (nótese que, en ambos casos, el sustantivo precedente no tiene plural) 1.2. Posición Adjetivos usados atributivamente: delante del nombre: She's lost an expensive ring I bought a comfortable car. Adjetivos usados predicativamente: van detrás de los verbos: Verbos Ejemplos Traducción Verbo copulativo puro Verbos de resultado Verbos de sentidos corporales be I'm glad to be here. Estoy contento de estar aquí. come My dream came true. Mi sueño se hizo realidad. fall I fell asleep immediately. Me quedé dormido de inmediato. get You're getting fat. Estás engordando. feel She feels bad. Ella se siente mal. look Gina looks happy. Gina parece feliz. seem You seem honest. Tú pareces honrado. smell That meal smells good. Esa comida huele bien. sound That music sounds bad. Esa música suena mal. taste It tastes awful. Sabe horrible. Adjetivos detrás de how en pregunas sobre medidas, distancias o estados, y detrás de cantidades en las respuestas. How long is a tennis court? It's twenty-four metres long. How deep is the river? It s two metres deep. How wide is the river? It s ten metres wide. How high is the wall? It s two metres high. How tall is he? He s 1.80 metres tall. How busy is he? He s very busy. How far do you live? I live two kilometres away. Detrás del artículo the: para indicar grupos de gente o nacionalidades: I collected money for the poor. The rich often eat too much. The English come to Spain in summer.

2 Unidad 4. Resumen Página 2 de 8 2. Another y other 2.1. Another Significado: otro/otra; va delante de nombres en singular. I need another dictionary. She s looking for another house Other Significado: otro, otra, otros, otras; va delante de nombres en plural. Do you need other books? Eva bought other rulers for the exam 3. Comparative and superlative adjectives 3.1. Comparativo y superlativo de superioridad COMPARATIVO Y SUPERLATIVO REGULAR COMPARATIVO (se usa para comparar dos personas o cosas) SUPERLATIVO (se usa para comparar tres o más personas o cosas y determinar qué o quién tiene el grado más alto de una cualidad) ADJETIVOS DE UNA SÍLABA O DE DOS SÍLABAS TERMINADOS EN Y. ADJETIVO ER + THAN Paul is older than John. Today is sunnier than yesterday. THE + ADJECTIVO EST Paul is the oldest student in his class. Yesterday was the sunniest day in spring ADJETIVOS DE DOS O MÁS SÍLABAS (EXCEPTO LOS DE DOS SÍLABAS TERMINADOS EN Y) MORE + ADJECTIVO + THAN Paul is more intelligent than John. THE MOS T + ADJECTIVO Paul is the most intelligent student in his class. COMPARATIVO Y SUPERLATIVO IRREGULAR COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO GOOD better than the best BAD worse than the worst FAR further than the furthest MUCH / MANY more tan the most

3 Unidad 4. Resumen Página 3 de Casos especiales del uso del comparativo: Para graduar la comparación: much, a lot: mucho Your car is much better than mine. a bit, a little: un poco He's is a bit taller than me slightly: ligeramente He is slightly older than me. Para indicar cambios continuos: comparativo + and + comparativo Your English is getting better and better: Tu inglés es cada vez mejor. Para significar cuanto más más: the + comparativo + the + comparativo The younger the better: Cuanto más joven, mejor Comparativo y superlativo de inferioridad Comparativo de inferioridad: less + adjetivo + than This car is less fast than that one. Peter is less intelligent than Steven. Superlativo de inferioridad: the least + adjetivo This is the least easy subject of all. This is the least comfortable sofa in the shop Comparativo de igualdad As + adjetivo + as Paul is as tall as Mark. Sam is as intelligent as his brother: As much + nombre incontable / as many + nombre contable I've got as much money as you. He knows as many people as you. So + adjetivo + as (en oración negativa) Sam is not so intelligent as his brother. The same as + nombre / the same + Steve has done the same things as his brother. I did the same as you yesterday.

4 Unidad 4. Resumen Página 4 de 8 4. Too / enough 4.1. Too & enough SGDO. USO EJEMPLO too + adj. / adv. The beer is too strong. His brother drives too fast. TOO demasiado too + adj. / adv. + to + inf. The water is too cold to drink. too + adj. / adv. + for + object (+ to + inf.) The tea is too hot for Alan. The tea is too hot for Alan (to drink.) adj. / adv. + enough The tea is not cold enough. His brother doesn t drive slowly enough. ENOUGH bastante adj. / adv. + enough + to + inf. The milk isn t hot enough to drink. adj. / adv. + enough +for + object ( to + inf.) This car is not fast enough for him. The book is short enough for you (to read today.) 4.2. Too / enough TOO + ADJ./ADV = OPPOSITE ADJ./ADV. + ENOUGH She is too young to see the film She isn t old enough to see the film. His brother drives too fast. His brother doesn t drive slowly enough

5 Unidad 4. Resumen Página 5 de 8 5. Preposiciones 5.1. Función y usos de las preposiciones Función: Unir dos palabras o elementos de una oración indicando la relación que existe entre ellas. Usos: Prep. + sustantivo Prep. + pronombre Prep. + gerundio Oración interrogativa + prep. The pen is under the bed. I like shopping with you. He reads a book before sleeping. Where are you from? 5.2. Preposiciones de lugar ON UNDER BEHIND ABOVE IN NEAR IN FRONT OF OPPOSITE BETWEEN AMONG BELOW BESIDE 5.3. Preposiciones de tiempo Preposiciones de tiempo estáticas: Tiempo Preposición Ejemplo Hora AT He came at half past five. Partes del día IN In the morning. In the afternoon. In the evening. Noche AT They arrived at night. Día y fechas ON She plays tennis on Fridays. I was born on March 2 nd. Mes Año IN She was born in March. He started living in England in 2004.

6 Unidad 4. Resumen Página 6 de Preposiciones de tiempo dinámicas: Tiempo Preposición Significado Ejemplo Periodo desde el que empieza una acción hasta que se acaba. Momento hasta el que se realiza una acción. Duración de una acción. Punto en el pasado en el que comenzó una acción. FROM TO UNTIL / TILL desde hasta hasta I work from nine to two. We studied French from seven to nine. I'll study until one o'clock. They stayed at home till nine. FOR durante We were in Edinburgh for two years. SINCE desde He has worked here since Preposiciones que indican movimiento Expresan Uso Preposición Significado Ejemplo Para expresar el punto de partida Para expresar que nos dirigimos a un Para indicar que hemos llegado a un cierto Para indicar que nos dirigimos hacia adentro de un Para cualquier Para ciudades y países. Con la palabra home FROM desde I came from Paris yesterday. TO a, hasta I want to go to school. He drove to Madrid. AT a She arrives at the station at six. IN a John arrived in Sidney before lunch a She arrived home at midnight. INTO en She went into the room Para indicar que salimos de un OUT OF fuera He is coming out of the house. Indica un movimiento que va de un lado a otro. ACROSS a través de She s walking across the street. Indica movimiento a lo largo de un lugar ALONG por, a lo largo de. She was walking along the street.

7 Unidad 4. Resumen Página 7 de 8 Expresan Uso Preposición Significado Ejemplo Indica que nos dirigimos a un Indica movimiento hacia arriba. Indica movimiento hacia abajo. Indica movimiento a través de un TOWARDS hacia We went towards the sea. UP DOWN hacia arriba hacia abajo He went up the stairs. Alice went down the stairs. THROUGH a través de The train went through the tunnel Otras preposiciones Preposición Significado Ejemplo ABOUT alrededor de She's about twenty AFTER después de He sleeps after lunch. AGAINST contra They fight against racism. AROUND alrededor de He swam around two miles. BEFORE antes de I have a shower before breakfast. BY "en" con medios de transporte She goes to work by train. WITH con We study with them. WITHOUT sin He can't live without his car. 6. Formación de palabras: Agent Nouns Nombre o verbo + Sufijo Nombres assist, disinfect, serve, -ant assistant, disinfectant, servant study -ent student drive, speak, write -er driver, speaker, writer library, music, politics -ian librarian, musician, politician cycle, journal, type -ist cyclist, journalist, typist act, edit, invent -or actor, editor, inventor 7. Leer y escribir: Composición de textos escritos 7.1. Lenguaje formal e informal Lenguaje formal Para dirigimos a alguien, principalmente por escrito, que no conocemos muy bien. Uso de oraciones más largas y complejas en cuanto a su estructura. Uso de las formas completas de los verbos. Lenguaje informal Para dirigirnos a alguien conocido o familiar. Uso de oraciones más cortas en cuanto a su estructura. Uso de las formas breves de los verbos. Uso de expresiones coloquiales.

8 Unidad 4. Resumen Página 8 de A formal letter Wanted: vacancies for part-time kitchen helpers in our restaurant on Saturdays and Sundays between 17 and 22 pm. Please write to: Better Meat, 34 Holden Street, Bristol OFR 3FT 76 Nombre y dirección de la persona / compañía a la que escribes Dirección de la persona que escribe Fecha Better Meat 34 Holden Street Bristol OF4 3FT 76 Linton Road Bristol YG3 6VF 30th January 2009 Saludo Dear Sir or Madam, Cuerpo razones para escribir experiencia previa I am writing in response to the advertisement for part-time kitchen helpers in the local paper and I would like to apply for it, so I would be grateful if you consider me for the position. adjunta CV I think that I am suitable for this job because I've studied cooking at school for three years. In addition, I am a very responsible person, hard-working and enthusiastic. As you can see from my CV, which I enclose, I have worked in other restaurants in Bristol and Bath, so I have experience as a kitchen helper. I even spent two months in Madrid working as the chef of a little restaurant. At the moment I am working as a tourist guide for French visitors, because I speak French fluently, but I would like to leave that job and return to a restaurant, which is my great passion. petición de entrevista Conclusión de la carta Fin de la carta My dream is to start my own restaurant in the future. Therefore, I would be happy to attend an interview whenever you wish. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully, Firma y nombre John Robinson