International Atomic Energy Agency

Transcripción

1 Plenaria 2 Seguridad Radiologica y Fisica de las fuentes radiactivas. Codigo de conducta Ronald Pacheco Department of Nuclear Safety and Security r.pacheco.jimenez@iaea.org

2 Material Radioactivo en Metales Reciclados y Fuentes Huérfanas Código de Conducta en Materiales reciclados

3 Index Background The journey of scrap metal Events Spanish Protocol IAEA Safety Guide: Control of radioactive material in the metal recycling industry (SS-G17/ SSG19 Tarragona Conference Development and content of Metal Recycling Code of Conduct

4 Reciclado de Metales Background The journey of scrap metal Events Spanish Protocol IAEA Safety Guide: Control of radioactive material in the metal recycling industry (SS-G17/ SSG19 Tarragona Conference Development and content of Metal Recycling Code of Conduct

5 Sources of public exposure COSMIC TERRESTRIAL PAST ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS INDOOR RADON COMMODITIES IAEA TC Project PAK/9/034 - December 2010 NORM FROM EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES 5 ACCIDENTS CURRENT PRACTICES

6 Problemas con Fuentes Huérfanas Las fuentes huérfanas han causado: Heridas graves y muertes Disrupción social (Social y Psicológico) Grandes costes financieros Impactos políticos

7 Accidente Radiológico en Brasil 1987 Fuente de teleterapia de 137 Cs abandonada robada y abierta Cuatro personas muertas, 28 heridos Edificios contaminados demolidos Costes para el gobierno superiores a 20 millones de US$

8 En Diciembre de 2001, dos grandes fuentes radiactivas, desprotegidas fueron encontradas en el valle de un río aislado cerca de Lja, Georgia

9 Quemaduras graves desarrollaron lo que finalmente resultó en la muerte de uno de ellos

10 Heridas por radiación por fuentes huérfanas 2000 Samut Prakarn, Tailandia - una fuente de teleterapia de 15.7 TBq (425 Ci) de 60 Co en un almacén de chatarra - 10 altas exposiciones incluyendo 3 muertes Estambul, Turquía una fuente de teleterapia de 3.3 TBq (88 Ci) de 60 Co y una segunda fuente potencial tratada como chatarra - 10 personas con síndrome de radiación agudo, un dedo amputado 1999 Yanango, Perú - una fuente de radiografía de 1.37 TBq (37 Ci) de 192 Ir recogida inconscientemente por un soldador la pierna del soldador amputada y la familia sobreexpuesta 1997 Lilo, Georgia fuentes de alto nivel de 60 Co, 137 Cs y 226 Ra - 11 individuos sobreexpuestos con graves heridas en la piel inducidas por radiación 1994 Tammiku, Estonia fuente grande de 137 Cs robada de un depósito de residuos radiactivos - 1 muerto / varios heridos

11 Accidente por una fuente de radiografía industrial: Gilan => Una fuente de 192 Ir utilizada en radiografía industrial se cayó de su contenedor blindado...un trabajador recogió la fuente y la metió en el bolsillo de su camisa

12 Accidents in LA Small size of source Generally involve the public; and workers who are not involved with the normal use of the sources

13 Una granja o una instalación de almacenamiento de fuentes?

14 Cabezas de teleterapia en desuso almacenadas de manera no apropiada

15 Irradiador en un jardín

16 Fuentes radiactivas abandonadas. y fácilmente recogidas por el público!

17 Fuentes Cesio Alcantarillas

18 Abandoned sources Disused teletherapy head in transport container (Cs-137, ~ 700 Ci) Agricultural research irradiator in a field (Co-60, ~ 10-20,000 Ci)

19 Qué Hacer

20 Reciclado de Metales Background The journey of scrap metal Events Spanish Protocol IAEA Safety Guide: Control of radioactive material in the metal recycling industry (SS-G17/ SSG19 Tarragona Conference Development and content of Metal Recycling Code of Conduct

21 SSG-17, Orphan Sources and Other Radioactive Material in the Scrap Metal and Recycling Industries Recommendations on Safety Requirements in relation to the presence of radioactive material in scrap metal Responsibilities and actions concerning the discovery of radioactive material and regaining control over it Scope is primarily domestic Published Jan. 2012

22 Guía para la Estrategia Nacional Guía de Seguridad No. SSG-19: Valorando fuentes huérfanas potenciales Desarrollando una estrategia nacional Implementando la estrategia nacional Búsquedas de fuentes huérfanas administrativas y físicas Curso para L.A Agosto 2013, Rio de Janeiro

23 Fuentes Huérfanas Tal como se indica en el Código de Conducta sobre la Seguridad Tecnológica y Física de las Fuentes Radiactivas, los países deberían tener estrategias nacionales para obtener y retomar el control sobre las fuentes huérfanas Una parte de cualquier estrategia nacional debería involucrar la búsqueda de fuentes huérfanas

24 Reciclado de Metales Background The journey of scrap metal Events Spanish Protocol IAEA Safety Guide: Control of radioactive material in the metal recycling industry (SS-G17/ SSG19 Tarragona Conference Development and content of Metal Recycling Code of Conduct

25 The Journey of Scrap Metal

26 The Journey of Scrap Metal Transboundary movements Millions dollars industry Pieces of scrap metal and small dealers Large dealers and production of semi-finished products Finished products

27 Scale of metal recycling industry Worldwide annual consumption of scrap metal: 500 million tonnes Worldwide industry employs 1.5 million people 50% of steel produced in Europe is from recycled material In 2007, 30 million tonnes of scrap metal traded across borders within the EU Metal recycling industry is increasingly global

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31 Regulatory Control? Normal Practices: The Safety Standards establish safety provisions that apply to practices, AND these provisions are applied by States through regulatory requirements. Metal Recycling Facilities: These facilities often encounter radioactive material and it is expected that they will implement safety provisions, BUT these facilities are generally not subject to regulatory requirements.

32 Spanish Protocol Melting of a Cs-137 source in 1998 resulted in an airborne release, production of 270 t of contaminated dust and ~$26M in clean-up costs Voluntary agreement between national authorities, relevant private companies, and trade unions. Establishes a national system for addressing the expected presence of radioactive material in scrap metal Covers issues such as radiological surveillance, radiation monitoring report for imports, and actions to be taken when radioactive material is discovered including handling of radioactive waste.

33 International Conference: Control and Management of Radioactive Material Inadvertently Incorporated into Scrap Metal February 2009 Meeting organized by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN) in cooperation with IAEA 250 participants and observers 66 countries represented 5 organizations represented

34 Tarragona findings Scrap metal industry is increasingly global in nature No international legal instruments: Control at origen Certification of monitoring of loads. Monitoring of loads in transit through a country. Countries have different acceptance criteria for radionuclides (clearance levels). Lack of harmonized procedures to follow when radioactive material is detected by border monitoring

35 Tarragona findings (con t) In general, a lack of harmonized approach to transboundary issues binding international agreement between governments to unify the approach to transborder issues concerning metal scrap containing radioactive material

36 Metal Recycling Code of Conduct General View

37 Development of Metal Recycling Code of Conduct 2009: GC(53)/RES/10: Secretariat should take account of the findings of Tarragona 2010: GC(54)/RES/7: Secretariat should develop non-binding instrument and hold open-ended meeting 2011: GC(55)/RES/9: Secretariat should continue with development of Metal Recycling Code 2012: GC(56)/RES/9: Secretariat should continue development of Metal Recycling Code Submission to BOG/GC or further consensus building July 2010: Consultancy: Developed outline of non-binding agreement July 2011: First open-ended meeting: 40 reps. from 31 MS and 5 observers produced draft Metal Recycling Code of Conduct Jan./Feb. 2012: Second open-ended meeting: 41 reps. from 28 MS and 3 observers produced final draft Apr. - July 2012: Circulation of draft Code to MS for comment; approx. 165 comments rec d from 17 MS 25 Feb. 1 March 2013: Third openended meeting to resolve comments and develop final text

38 Draft Metal Recycling Code of Conduct Based on Spanish protocol, SSG-17, Radioactive Sources Scope: radioactive material in transboundary movements of consignments Objective: protect people and the environment; harmonize the approach of States Aim is to bring radioactive material that is discovered under control promptly and handle it safely Roles of the State, regulatory body, industry and IAEA