ENERGY IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Transcripción

1 ENERGY IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION STRATEGIES Y. Olaya, L. Cadavid, L. Cárdenas, O. Fernández, C.J. Franco and I. Dyner Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas Austin, November

2 Agenda: Low carbon emission strategies Low carbon emission (LCE) strategies and global warming Sample of countries that have adopted LCE strategies Results so far What can Colombia learn them? Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

3 Motivations Emissions and climate change Different sectors involved Progress in emission reductions Political will involved A new industrial revolution in progress? Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

4 Effects of GHGs?...

5 of large cities to climate hazards_cb5f Nieves López Izquierdo, Associate Consultant UNEP/GRID Arendal;

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7 More than 20 countries have adopted a climate change strategy since 2005

8 What is the strategy seeking?

9 Main focus of strategy on energy

10 Strategies

11 Strategies and progress CO 2 emissions depend on population and economy growth, as well as on technology Institutions and Policy Results Efficiency Low Carbon technologies New technologies Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

12 Since 1990: emissions growth Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

13 Carbon intensity: 80% of sample drop between 1990 y 2008

14 Energy intensity drops in: over 60% of the countries in the sample

15 Driven by economic growth

16 Goals not easy to meet

17 Strategy focus 100% Goals on emission reduction 100% Energy efficiency 65% New clean technologies 82% Sustainable land use

18 Policies for each program

19 Regulation and incentives Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

20 Efficiency programs Lighting Appliances Construction and buildings Vehicles Biofuels Efficient engines Industry Heating Cogeneration Recicling Efficient boilers Smart metering

21 Transport efficiency Vehicles fuel use Characterization Efficient labeling Subsidies for renewing vehicles Investment incentives Sustainable Infrastructure, mobility and transport Vehicle design norms Co2 Taxes

22 Promotion of new technologies

23 Incumbent technologies maintain dominance

24 Progress of renewables: wind and biomass

25 Technology development phases + Risk Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

26 Barriers to low carbon technologies

27 Success depends on: Program duration Continuity Scale Simultaneous promotion supply/demand Industrial participation Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

28 Renewables Patents have increase since1997 Fuente de los datos: UNEP / EPO / ICTSD, Patents and Clean Energy: Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Policy, Septiembre 2010.

29 R&D Impact: Renewables LCT E.E.U.U Japón Alemania Corea del Sur Dinamarca Holanda Brasil G.B China India, México 1970 o anterior Program started

30 Lessons for Colombia The new strategy for Colombia has to set global goals on emissions, and also by sectors: Transport, electricity, end users, and land use Institutions and ministerial policy Energy: Transport: renewables and efficient transport Electricity: FIT and portfolio standards Efficiency standards for end users. Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

31 Conclusions Focus on electricity (largest CO 2 emitter). Efficiency program attain good cost/benefit ratios to industry and consumers Prices of renewables have come down, but: More R&D is required More incentives are required Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012

32 Conclusions Industry has to participate in commercial stages Continuity is required in R&D programs In Colombia Need of strategy Opportunities for renewables Efficiency potential in appliances, transport and buildings Economías bajas en carbono: aspectos técnicos, políticos y económicos Medellín, Colombia. 15 y 16 de marzo de 2012