Subject pronouns. In this presentation, we re going to look at the form and use of the subject pronouns in Spanish.

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1 Subject pronouns In this presentation, we re going to look at the form and use of the subject pronouns in Spanish.

2 Let s get started! Compare these two sentences: Jorge es mexicano. Él es mexicano. In the first sentence, we name the person who is Mexican. In the second sentence, we replace the person s name with the word él.

3 And your point is? A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun: Jorge = él. Examples of pronouns in English are: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. Some pronouns have different forms to talk about the same person: I, me, my, mine, myself. For right now, we are going to look at one of these forms, but we ll get to the other forms soon.

4 Los pronombres Here are the subject pronouns in Spanish: I = yo you = tú, usted (Ud.) he = él she = ella we = nosotros, nosotras you = ustedes (Uds.) they = ellos, ellas

5 Yo This means I and is used in the same way as in English. Yo soy americano. Yo soy estudiante. Note that it is not capitalized unless it starts a sentence: Mi amigo y yo

6 Él y ella These pronouns are used in the same way as their English counterparts: Jorge y Ana son mexicanos. Él es de Guadalajara y ella es de Acapulco. Don t forget to put the accent mark on él (although you rarely see an accent on a capital letter).

7 Ellos y ellas In English, we have one word to express the idea of they, but in Spanish, we distinguish between they for masculine and feminine: Jorge y Juan son mexicanos. Ellos son de Guadalajara. Ana y Gloria son mexicanas. Ellas son de Acapulco. If the group is mixed (masculine and feminine), use the masculine pronoun: Jorge y Ana son mexicanos. Ellos son estudiantes en la universidad.

8 Nosotros y nosotras Likewise, in English we have one word to talk about we, but in Spanish, we distinguish between we masculine and feminine: Juan: Mi hermano y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires. Juana: Mi hermana y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotras vivimos en La Paz. As is the case with ellos, ellas, use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group: Juan: Mi hermano, mi novia, y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires. Juana: Mi hermana, mis padres, y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotros vivimos en La Paz.

9 Hey, you! In English, we use the word you to talk to: One person Many people A person much older than we are A person much younger than we are A person about the same age as we are A person with a higher social or economic rank (president, judge, mayor, boss, priest, lawyer, professor ) A person with a lower social or economic rank)

10 Tú & usted In Spanish, things aren t quite that simple. There are several ways to express the concept of you : tú: one person of about the same age (or younger) that you know quite well. usted (abbreviated Ud.): one person who is older than you, who has a higher social or economic rank, and/or is someone you have just met.

11 Wait! There s more! When we want to talk to more than one person ( all of you or y all ), we can use: ustedes (abbreviated Uds.): this is used in most cases, regardless of whether the group you are addressing consists of tú or usted. vosotros/vosotras: this is used only in Spain and only when everyone in the group is tú. We won t be studying this pronoun form, but just learn to recognize it when you see it.

12 That s confusing! Not really! Here s a summary: Singular Informal: tú Formal: usted Plural Formal/informal: ustedes

13 One more point! In English, we always have to use a subject pronoun. Look at these sentences: Went to the store. Speaks German. Like classical music. Without the subject pronoun, we don t know who we are talking about. The verb doesn t give us enough information: like can refer to I, you, we, or they.

14 Spanish is different! Look at these sentences in Spanish: Soy de Chicago. Eres estudiante. Es mexicana. Somos atletas. Son hermanos. The verb does give us enough information: soy matches yo, eres refers to tú, es goes with él/ella/ud., somos matches nosotros, and son is paired with ellos, ellas, Uds. As such, Spanish sentences frequently drop the subject pronoun in writing and speech; they are not needed to clarify who we are talking about.

15 Let s practice! Rewrite each sentence with an appropriate subject pronoun. estudio español. eres estudiante. Juan es mi amigo. es de Chile. Marta es muy inteligente. estudia física y química. Mis hermanos y yo somos atletas. jugamos al vólibol y al fútbol. Mis hermanos juegan al béisbol también [also]. son muy atléticos.

16 How did you do? Yo estudio español. Tú eres estudiante. Juan es mi amigo. (Él) es de Chile. Marta es muy inteligente. (Ella) estudia física y química. Mis hermanos y yo somos atletas. (Nosotros) jugamos al vólibol y al fútbol. Mis hermanos juegan al béisbol también [also]. (Ellos) son muy atléticos.

17 That s a wrap! We ve seen the subject pronoun forms and uses. Keep an eye and an ear open for them as you proceed in your Spanish classes.

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