La Tercera Historia. Demonstrative Adjectives: Este / Esta Estos /Estas Ese /Esa Esos /Esas Aquel / Aquella Aquellos / Aquellas

Transcripción

1 La Tercera Historia Demonstrative Adjectives: Este / Esta Estos /Estas Ese /Esa Esos /Esas Aquel / Aquella Aquellos / Aquellas

2 Do-Now: en los cuadernos, con la meta Meta: How do I refer to specific objects in comparisons? Consider and write: You are shopping with a friend. They are holding one shirt and pointing to another that is on a rack. They ask you, Do you like this shirt or that shirt? Which word refers to the shirt that they are holding? ( this or that ) How do you know?

3 Los adjetivos y pronombres demostrativos This, that, these, those Demonstrative adjectives point out objects and the relative distance between the speaker and the object In English, we have 2 kinds of demonstrative adjectives: some are for objects close to us (this/these), and some are for objects far from us (that/those). In Spanish, there are 3 kinds of demonstrative adjectives: some for objects close to us, some for objects far from us but close to the listener, and some for objects far away from everyone.

4 Los adjetivos demonstrativos In Spanish, demonstrative adjectives are placed before the noun and agree with it in number and gender. This (close to me) These (close to me That (far from me, close to you) Those (far from me, close to you) That over there (far from everyone) Those over there (far from everyone) Masculine este estos ese esos aquel aquellos Feminine esta estas esa esas aquella aquellas

5 este Este libro es mi favorito. Este refers to a masculine singular noun that is close to the speaker. El viejo y el mar

6 ese De qué clase es ese libro? Ese refers to a masculine singular noun that is close to the listener. Este libro es de matemáticas. El viejo y el mar

7 aquel Aquel libro encima de la mesa es un diccionario, no? Aquel refers to a masculine singular noun that is far from both the speaker and the listener. Exacto! El viejo y el mar

8 estos Estos libros son de la biblioteca. Estos* refers to a masculine plural noun that is close to the speaker. El viejo y el mar *Notice that the plural of este is estos, not estes.

9 esos Esos libros son interesantes? Sí, me gustan! Esos* refers to a masculine plural noun that is close to the listener(s). Sí, estos libros son muy buenos! El viejo y el mar *Notice that the plural of ese is esos, not eses.

10 Leen ustedes aquellos libros de las otras chicas? aquellos No, no leo aquellos libros. Aquellos refers to a masculine plural noun that is far from both the speaker and the listener(s). Leemos estos libros. El viejo y el mar

11 esta Esta mochila es muy bonita! Esta refers to a feminine singular noun that is close to the speaker.

12 esa Esa mochila no es tan grande como esta mochila. Esa refers to a feminine singular noun that is close to the listener. No, pero esta mochilla es rosada

13 aquella Aquella mochila es muy similar a esta mochila. Aquella refers to a feminine singular noun that is far from both the speaker and the listener. Sí, es idéntica.

14 estas De quiénes son estas mochilas? Estas refers to a feminine plural noun that is close to the speaker.

15 esas Chicas, esas mochilas son bonitas. Esas refers to a feminine plural noun that is close to the listener(s). Gracias, estas mochilas son nuevas. Sí, y son baratas también.

16 Aquellas mochilas azules son de ustedes? aquellas Aquellas refers to a feminine plural noun that is far from both the speaker and the listener(s). No sé de quiénes son. De acuerdo.

17 Summary Este, esta = this Estos, estas = these Ese, esa = that Esos, esas = those Aquel, aquella = that (over there) Aquellos, aquellas = those (over there) Here are some memory devices that may help: This and these have a T ; that and those don t. If it has a T, it s close to me. If it has a T, then it s touchable.

18 Summary Which that do I use? It should be pointed out that, in actual usage, ese, esa, esos and esas (that, those) are often used instead of aquel, aquella, aquellos and aquellas (that over there, those over there), particularly if the object or person being referred to is relatively close. Esa (aquella) muchacha es mi prima, Isabel. That girl is my cousin, Isabel. However, if the object or person is quite far away, the aquel forms are preferred. Aquella casa allí en el cerro es de mi tío. That house over there on the hill is my uncle s.

19 Practice: Translate 1. I like this shirt more than that shirt. 2. I like this dress more than that dress. 3. I prefer those shoes more than those shoes over there. 4. We prefer those sandals over there more than these sandals. Homework: Create a 6-line conversation in which you compare objects in a store with a friend. Use at least 5 different demonstrative adjectives

20 The Demonstrative Pronouns (Los pronombres demostrativos) The forms that take the place of nouns.

21 Notice that, in this scene, the speakers are referring to the hats but have omitted the word sombrero, which now turns aquél and éste into pronouns. In English, the man would say I like that one a lot. and his friend would say Umm... and this one? When written, these pronominal forms bear an accent on the stressed e.

22 Summary éste, ésta = this one éstos, éstas = these (ones) ése, ésa = that one ésos, ésas = those (ones) aquél, aquélla = that one (over there) aquéllos, aquéllas = those (ones) (over there)

23 esto, eso, aquello The neuter forms esto, eso, and aquello do not take a written accent nor do they have plural forms. They are used to point out ideas, actions or concepts, or to refer to unspecified objects or things. Aquello no me gusta. No dije eso. Esto está mal. I don t like that (business, matter). I didn t say that. This is wrong. These forms are also used to ask for a definition of something. Qué es eso? Es una biblioteca. What is that? It s a library. Qué es esto? Es una pulsera. What is this? It s a bracelet.