Neo-Tropical Costus. Dave Skinner

Transcripción

1 Neo-Tropical Costus Dave Skinner

2 Plant Family Costaceae Costus 100+ species, mostly neo-tropical, about 20 species in Africa Chamaecostus 7 species, South America Cheilocostus 4+ species, Asia-Australia Paracostus 2 species, Africa and Borneo Monocostus 1 specie, Peru Dimerocostus 2 species, Central & South America Tapeinochilos 16 species, New Guinea-Australia

3 Bract Types Appendaged Not Appendaged

4 Bract Colors Red Bracts Green, Yellow, Orange Exposed part vs. covered

5 Terminal or Basal Inflorescence Terminal Inflorescence Basal Inflorescence

6 Flower Types Tubular Not Tubular

7 Flower Parts Calyx Length

8 Bracteole Types Boat Shaped Bicarinate

9 Ligule Length and Shape

10 Other Characters Leaf base (cordate, cuneate, rounded, etc) Leaf apex (long or short acuminate) Leaf dimensions and size (linear vs. wide) Bract margins (fibrous or entire) Indument (hairiness) NOTE: this tends to be variable within most species!

11 Four Main Categories Non-Appendaged Bracts with Tubular Flowers Non-Appendaged Bracts with Non-Tubular Flowers Appendaged Bracts with Tubular Flowers Appendaged Bracts with Non-Tubular Flowers

12 Costus species with Non-Appendaged Bracts and Tubular Flowers

13 Costus scaber (cultivated plant)

14 The real Costus spicatus (Tagged C. cylindricus at Smithsonian)

15 Costus scaber from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica

16 Costus scaber from Cerro Nara, Costa Rica

17 Costus scaber near Gualaquiza, Ecuador

18 Costus aff. scaber (Alto Mayo, Peru)

19 Costus woodsonii near Parque Nacionál Cahuita, Costa Rica

20 Parque Nacionál Cahuita, Costa Rica

21 Costus wilsonii left, Reserva Durika Cord. de Talamanca (2000 meters) Costa Rica, above from Carla Black s garden. Volcán, Panamá

22 Costus pulverulentus cultivated plant

23 Costus pulverulentus near Parque Nacionál La Cangreja Costa Rica

24 Costus pulverulentus in Ecuador

25 Costus pulverulentus (X villosissimus?) near Rancho Mastatal Costa Rica

26 Costus chartaceus Costus erythrothyrsus cultivated plants

27 Costus plicatus Costus lasius Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica

28 Costus lasius Urco Mirano, Peru

29 Costus vinosus at Marie Selby Gardens

30 Costus stenophyllus Estación La Gamba Costa Rica

31 Costus erythrocoryne near Iquitos, Peru

32 Costus vargassii Carla Black Garden, Panama

33 Costus species with Non-Appendaged Bracts and Non-Tubular Flowers (Broad Labellum)

34 Costus laevis (Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica)

35 Costus laevis with characteristic silvery midrib on young foliage

36 Costus laevis near Pocosol, Cordillera de Tilarán, Costa Rica

37 Costus laevis El Copé, Panama

38 Costus laevis with orange flower near Rancho Mastatal, Costa Rica

39 Costus pictus (cultivated plants)

40 Costus arabicus (cultivated plant)

41 Cordate Leaf Base Costus arabicus Quebrada Cayapoza, Peru

42 Costus amazonicus near Gualaquiza, Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador

43 Costus malortieanus in Cord. de Tilarán near Poco Sol

44 Cerro Nara Costus glaucus Osa Peninsula P.N. La Cangreja

45 Costus species with Appendaged Bracts and Tubular Flowers

46 Costus barbatus (hort. at Marie Selby Gardens)

47 Maas description does not fit this plant! 1. The ligules are short and truncate - Maas describes as mm) and lobed 2. It is often found producing BASAL instead of terminal inflorescences. 3. The margins of the bracts, bracteoles and calyx are entire, NOT delacerating into fibers 4. The corolla lobes of the plant in horticulture are NOT puberulous, a character of the real Costus barbatus, but rarely found in Costus 5. None of the plant parts are particularly hairy, as mentioned to distinguish this from Costus montanus.

48 Costus montanus near P. N. Tapantí, Costa Rica

49 Costus productus

50 Costus curvibracteatus Rio Piro, Costa Rica

51 Costus aff. curvibracteatus near Poco Sol, Cord. de Tilarán, Costa Rica

52 Costus lima Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica

53 Costus lima Carla Black Garden Panama

54

55 Costus aff. ricus Cerro Mariposa, Panama

56 Comparison of Bracteole Types Boat Shaped Bracteole Bicarinate (2 keeled) Bracteole Costus lima Costus ricus

57 Costus lima and Costus Ricus Costus lima Costus ricus

58 Costus ricus Cerro Nara, Costa Rica

59 Costus aff. Lima (hybrid?) Rio Rincon, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica

60 Costus osae in P. N. Piedras Blancas Rio Bonito and Quebrada Negra

61 Costus sp. Cabo Matapalo on the southern tip of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica

62 Costus sp. Cabo Matapalo habitat

63 Costus species with Appendaged Bracts and Non-Tubular Flowers (Broad Labellum)

64 Costus guanaiensis (various locations in Costa Rica)

65 Costus guanaiensis near La Fortuna, Panama

66 Costus guanaiensis var. guanaiensis (photos from Ecuador and Colombia)

67 Costus guanaiensis var. macrostrobilus (?) (Ecuador, near Reserva Bilsa) Costus guanaiensis var. tarmicus (common in Ecuador)

68 Costus guanaiensis (plicate leaf form found at Reserva Bilsa, Ecuador)

69 Costus sp. found near Guayzimi, Zamora, Ecuador

70 Costus bracteatus near Shiroles, Costa Rica

71 Costus erythrophyllus (cultivated plant)

72 Costus varzearum (Lyon Arboretum)

73 (above from near Pachijal, Ecuador) Costus leucanthus (right from Waimea Arboretum)

74 Costus longebracteolatus (cultivated plant)

75 Costus longebracteolatus (San Pedro, Peru)

76 Costus villosissimus (near Rancho Mastatal, Costa Rica)

77 Costus asplundii Lyon Arboretum

78 Unidentified Costus Two Possible New Species from Cordillera del Condor area Southern Ecuador

79 Basal flowering Costus from Rio Nangaritza Cord. del Condor area of southern Ecuador

80 ?Costus zamoranus? John Mood Garden, Hawaii

81 Costus from Rio Numbaime Cord. del Condor area of southern Ecuador

82 For additional information and thousands more photos, please visit my website at