Lengua adicional al español IV Topic 11 Life little lessons Introduction In this lesson you will study: Time clauses are independent clauses. These are the clauses that tell you the specific time when an event happens.. 1
Introduction You will learn that to express regrets you may use should, it helps you to express something you could have done, but you didn t do it. You will learn how to describe hypothetical situations. To describe these situations you need the third conditional which means that you will use an if clause to express something unreal. Time Clauses Time clauses are those that tell us the moment when the action happens, for this we need two clauses one independent and the dependent clause. The dependent clause in this case is going to be the time clause; this clause will help to state the relationship of the other action.. 2
Time Clauses Example: Frank was an insecure person before he became a lawyer. or Frank became a secure person after he became a lawyer. In these sentences the main clause is that Frank became a lawyer, but if you want to know when he became a lawyer the answer will be for sure a time clause. Time Clauses I had never had any important responsibility until I started working. When he had an important responsibility? Until he started working. (your answer is a time clause) I felt very scared at the moment when I heard my name. At the moment I heard my name, I felt very scared. if you ask when I felt nervous the answer is a time clause. 3
Time Clauses By the time I finished school, I had bought my car. By the time Paul got home, we have finish the homework. As soon as you learn a little more of English, you will be able to speak with an English speaking person. Probably you have already notice that when the time clause comes before the main clause a coma is needed right before the main clause. Expressing regrets Expressing regrets: A regret is when you feel bad because you did or didn t do something you could have been done, and maybe it would be helping you or it is harming you in this moment.. 4
Expressing regrets Example: I should have studied to become an engineer. I shouldn t have taken Biology this semester. I should have talked to my parents. I should have asked when the exam was. I should have gone to the hospital with Paul. I should have bought the cardigan. Expressing regrets You can add the reason why you should or shouldn t have done something. I should have studied law, now I would be a senator. I should have talked to my parents, they are sad because of me. I shouldn t have taken biology it is more important chemistry at this moment.. 5
Describing hypothetical situations Describing hypothetical situations. This kind of situations can be described with the third conditional. A conditional as you know starts with if, this third conditional is the unreal something that did not happened in the past. Describing hypothetical situations Examples: - If I had been a visionary man I would have bought more land. Maybe 10 year ago you didn t think the land would increase its price that much so you didn t buy more land. - If Melissa had saved money, she would have bought the house to Tomas. She didn t save any money so she couldn t buy the house.. 6
Describing hypothetical situations Examples: - If Manchester had played better, it would have won the cup. But as it didn t play well it lost the cup. - If I had taken the exam I would have passed it. You didn t pass because you did not take the exam. Closing In this lesson you have learned that time clauses are those that tell us the moment when an action happens. There must be two clauses the independent clause and the dependent clause.. 7
Closing You have learned that the modal auxiliary should is also used to express regrets. The last point you studied was how to Describe hypothetical situations. Now you understand why hypothetical situations are described with the third conditional. It is the structure that allows you to express unreal situations. Situations that could have happened. Bibliography HullJ. y Proctor S. (2005) Interchange 3 (3ra ed) Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press. To understand better the third conditional study on the link: http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/3cond.htm To understand better time clauses study on the following link: http://www.tillyer.net/glow/fsi101.htm. 8
Credits Content design: Lic. Blanca Lilia Atayde Luna, MMAN Academic Coordinator: Lic. Jessica Patricia Garza Macías Content edition: Lic. Ann Elisabeth Mancillas Hinojosa, MAD Graphic design: Tecnología educativa Universidad Virtual, ITESM. 9