Anuario de investigaciones Facultad de Ingeniería

Transcripción

1

2 Anuario de investigaciones Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 2

3 Anuario de investigaciones Tabla de Contenido Prefacio....4 Publicaciones Arbitradas (ISI/SCOPUS)..5 Publicaciones No Arbitradas.15 Ponencias en Eventos 16 Proyectos de Investigación 28 Trabajos de Maestría Concluidos..49 Trabajos de Consultoría 53 Grupo de Investigación.55 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 3

4 Anuario de investigaciones Prefacio Como aporte al desarrollo de nuestra región y del país en general, desde hace algo más de diez años, la de la Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar ha asumido su rol de generadora de conocimiento avanzado, como parte del que hacer natural de una universidad. Para esto, hemos invertido fuertemente en el fortalecimiento de nuestro cuerpo profesoral a través de su formación a nivel de maestría y doctorado en distintas áreas de la ingeniería. En la actualidad nuestra facultad cuenta con 45 profesores, de los cuales 12 poseen título de doctorado y 33 con título de maestría. Contar con un cuerpo profesoral con alta formación académica y experiencia en investigación nos ha permitido dinamizar nuestro trabajo tanto en investigación básica como aplicada, a través del uso intensivo de nuestros laboratorios y nuestro constante y permanente relacionamiento con la empresa, local y regional. Lo anterior se demuestra en el crecimiento de las estadísticas en los últimos años en cuanto a la publicación de trabajos de alta calidad en revistas indexadas tipo ISI y SCOPUS, lo cual indica que nuestra producción circula a nivel mundial y ha sido validada y reconocida por la comunidad científica en ingeniería. Creemos sin duda alguna que a través de la investigación de calidad y de talla mundial en ingeniería podemos soportar y aportar a la transformación industrial del país y la generación de empresas de base tecnológica. Nuestra facultad nació como soporte al crecimiento de nuestra zona industrial en Cartagena. Ahora nos fortalecemos y afianzamos como generadores de conocimiento en ingeniería y como brazo académico de nuestra industria. JAIRO F. USECHE, M.Sc., Ph.D. Decano Faculta de Ingeniería Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 4

5 Anuario de investigaciones Publicaciones Arbitradas (ISI/SCOPUS) Vibration Analysis of Shear Deformable Shallow Shells Using the Boundary Element Method Autor: J. Useche In this work, the modal and harmonic analysis of elastic shallow shells, using a dual reciprocity boundary element formulation, is presented. A boundary element Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. juseche@unitecnologica.edu.co formulation based on a direct time-domain formulation using the elastostatic fundamental solutions was used. Effects of shear deformation and rotatory inertia were included in the formulation. Shallow shell was modeled coupling boundary element formulation of shear deformable plate and twodimensional plane stress elasticity. Domain integrals related to inertial terms were treated using the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed formulation. Revista: Engineering Structures Journal Vol Págs , Boundary Element Analysis of Shear Deformable Shallow Shells Under Harmonic Excitation. Autor: J. Useche In this work, the harmonic analysis of shallow shells using the Boundary Element Method, is presented. The proposed boundary element formulation is based on a direct time-domain integration using the elastostatic Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, fundamental solutions for both in-plane elasticity and Cartagena, Colombia. shear deformable plates. Shallow shell was modeled juseche@unitecnologica.edu.co coupling boundary element formulation of shear deformable plate and two-dimensional plane stress elasticity. Effects of shear deformation and rotatory inertia were included in the formulation. Domain integrals related to inertial terms were treated using the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed formulation. Revista: CMES: Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences Vol.100, pags , Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 5

6 Anuario de investigaciones Academic Evaluation Protocol For Monitoring Modalities Of Use At An Automatic Control Laboratory: Real Vs. Remote. Autores: Arquímedes Barrios Mauricio Duque Michael Canu José Luis Villa Philippe Chevrel Stifen Panche Víctor H. Grisales Flavio Prieto Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jvilla@unitecnologica.edu.co This article describes an Academic Evaluation Protocol (AEP) designed and implemented in order to monitor various modalities of using an Automatic Control Laboratory. To serve this purpose, the types of usemodalities associated to different lab-works are classified as follows: Real Laboratory (RL), Remote Laboratory (R@L) and Real plus Remote Laboratory (RL+R@L). Twelve (12) groups of students from a control course, at Universidad de los Andes, are selected to undergo testing while involved in a particular lab-work modality. Testing conditions are intended to keep homogeneous academic-performance features for each of the student groups involved so as to reduce uncertainty when analyzing the results obtained after applying the proposed AEP. To estimate how a specific lab-work modality impacts upon the development of an experimental practice, parameters such as average utilization time and the ABET-Indicators are used. The results obtained from this pedagogical instrument are analyzed by various means, namely the ANOVA Test, a Descriptive Statistical Technique and Wilcoxon Testing. The findings reveal that the student groups involved in experimental lab-practices following the RL and RL+R@L modalities achieve better performance (when conducting the automatic control laboratory) than the student groups served with the remote system only. Revista: International Journal of Engineering Education Vol. 29. Pags , Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 6

7 Anuario de investigaciones Hexagonal Filters for Ultrasound Images Autores: Sonia Helena Contreras Ortiz, Martin D. Fox. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. scontreras@unitecnologica.edu.co Most of the devices for acquisition and display of medical images use rectangular lattices even though there are other sampling strategies that can be more efficient in terms of resolution. This paper proposes an approach for ultrasound image enhancement that uses a hexagonal sampling scheme to display and process the images. The images were resampled on an interlaced grid. Interlaced sampling uses square pixels shifted half a pixel on alternate rows. Two types of hexagonal filters were designed and tested on ultrasound images: a statistical adaptive filter and an anisotropic diffusion filter. Results show improvements in signal-to-noise ratio and more natural representation of curved structures. Revista: Journal of Electronic Imaging 23(4), (Jul Aug2014) Vol. 23, Págs.: a Julio/Agosto Retinal Image Analysis Oriented to the Clinical Task Autor: Andrés G. Marrugo Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. agmarrugo@unitecnologica.edu.co Revista: Ophthalmology can profit greatly from the analysis of digital images because they can aid in establishing an early diagnosis even before the first symptoms appear. This work contributes to the digital analysis of such images and the problems that arise along the imaging pipeline of fundus photography, a field that is commonly referred to as retinal image analysis. We have dealt with and proposed solutions to problems that arise in retinal image acquisition and longitudinal monitoring of retinal disease evolution. Specifically, non-uniform illumination compensation, poor image quality, automated focusing, image segmentation, change detection, space-invariant and space-variant blind deconvolution. Digital retinal image analysis can be effective and cost-efficient for computer-aided diagnosis, and telemedicine and applicable to a variety of disorders. Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis 13(2):54-55, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 7

8 Anuario de investigaciones Restoration of Retinal Images With Space-Variant Blur Autores: Andrés G. Marrugo, María S. Millán, Michal Šorel, and Filip Šroubek. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. agmarrugo@unitecnologica.edu.co Retinal images are essential for the diagnosis of retinopathy. Because of improper acquisition conditions or inherent optical aberrations, the images are often degraded with blur. The blur varies across the field of view. Most image deblurring algorithms assume a spaceinvariant blur, which fails in the presence of space-variant (SV) blur. In this work, we propose a strategy for the restoration of retinal images in which the blur is unknown and SV. We model the blur as a convolution with a pointspread function that changes with the position. To achieve an artifact-free restoration, we propose a framework for a robust estimation of the SV PSF based on an eye-domain knowledge strategy. The restoration method was tested on artificially and naturally degraded retinal images. The results show a significant enhancement. Revista: Journal of Biomedical Optics 19(1), 23, Vol. 19, Numero1, Pág , 2014 A Three Layer Supply Chain Model With Multiple Suppliers, Manufacturers and Retailers for Multiple Items. Autores: Shib Sankar Sana, Phd Jaime Acevedo Chedid, Katherinne Salas Navarro. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jacevedo@unitecnologica.edu.co The replenishment size/production lot size problem both for perfect and imperfect quality products studied in this paper is motivated by the optimal strategy in a three layer supply chain consisting of multiple suppliers, manufacturers each product with a combination of several raw materials which are supplied by each supplier. The defective products at suppliers and manufacturers are sent back to the respective upstream members at lower price than the respective purchasing price. Finally, the expected average profits of suppliers, manufacturers and retailers are formulated by trading off set up costs, purchasing costs, screening costs, production costs, inventory costs and selling prices. The objective of this chain is to compare between the collaborating system and Stakelberg game structure so that the expected average profit of the chain Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 8

9 Anuario de investigaciones is maximized. In a numerical illustration, the optimal solution of the collaborating system shows a better optimal solution than the approach by Stakelberg. Revista: Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 229, págs , 2014 Assessment of Natural Sources of Particulate Matter on the Opencast Mines air Quality. Autores: J.I. Huertas, M.E. Huertas, G. Cervantes, J. Díaz. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. mhuerta@unitecnologica.edu.co Particulate matter is the main air pollutant in open pit mining areas. Preferred models that simulate the dispersion of the particles have been used to assess the environmental impact of the mining activities. Results obtained through simulation have been compared with the particle concentration measured in several sites and a coefficient of determination R2 < 0.78 has been reported. This result indicates that in the open pit mining areas there may be additional sources of particulate matter that have not been considered in the modeling process. This work proposes that the unconsidered sources of emissions are of regional scope such as the re-suspension particulate matter due to the wind action over uncovered surfaces. Furthermore, this work proposes to estimate the impact of such emissions on air quality as a function of the present and past meteorological conditions. A statistical multiple regression model was implemented in one of the world's largest open pit coal mining regions which is located in northern Colombia. Data from9 particle-concentration monitoring stations and 3meteorological stations obtained from 2009 to 2012 were statistically compared. Results confirmed the existence of a high linear relation (R2 > 0.95) between meteorological variables and particulate matter concentration being humidity, humidity of the previous day and temperature, the meteorological variables that contributed most significantly in the variance of the particulate matter concentration measured in the mining area while the contribution of the AERMOD estimations to the short term TSP (Total Suspended Particles) measured concentrations was negligible (<5%). The multiple regression model was used to identify the meteorological condition that leads to pollution episodes. It was found that conditions drier than 54% lead to pollution episodes while humidities greater Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 9

10 Anuario de investigaciones than 70% maintain safe air quality conditions in the mining region in northern Colombia. Revista: Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 493, págs , Modelación Híbrida para la Elección de Vehículos con Energías Alternativas Autores: José J. Soto, Víctor Cantillo, Julián Arellana. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jsoto@unitecnologica.edu.co Revista: La política de promover los vehículos alimentados con combustibles alternativos para reducir las emisiones es un tema actual no exento de debate. Se requiere evaluar la demanda y preferencias de las personas hacia vehículos con estas nuevas tecnologías para definir estrategias orientadas a promover su utilización. En el contexto de la decisión de compra de vehículo, se usaron modelos híbridos de elección discreta para incorporar explícitamente factores no observables o latentes que pueden influir en la elección del tipo de tecnología. Los datos provienen de encuestas de preferencias declaradas, aplicadas en dos ciudades colombianas. Las variables latentes fueron obtenidas a través de la evaluación de una serie de afirmaciones relacionadas con la percepción del sistema de transporte, las preocupaciones ambientales, y la apreciación de las características de los vehículos por parte de los individuos encuestados. Los resultados sugieren que los modelos híbridos de elección discreta representan mejor el comportamiento de los consumidores al decidir la tecnología de combustible que usará el próximo vehículo que compraría. A partir de la modelación se infiere que la preocupación ambiental y la posición ante políticas de transporte son determinantes en la elección. También son relevantes las diferencias en el costo de adquisición y en el rendimiento de consumo de combustible de los vehículos alimentados con fuertes de energía alternativa respecto de los convencionales. Interciencia Vol. 39(9), págs ,2014. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 10

11 Anuario de investigaciones The Dynamic Model of a Four Control Moment Gyroscpe System. Autor: E. Yime, Cesar Peña, William Rojas. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. eyime@unitecnologica.edu.co El modelo dinámico de un sistema de control de par utilizando cuatro giróscopos (4-CMG) tradicionalmente se obtiene al calcular la derivada de la ecuación del momento angular total. Aunque este enfoque conduce a un modelo dinámico relativamente simple, recientemente se han introducido nuevos modelos debido a términos que no se han tenido en cuenta, o se desprecian, durante el cálculo de la ecuación del momento angular. En este artículo, se propone un nuevo modelo dinámico para un 4-CMG basado en el algoritmo de Newton-Euler, el cual es bien aceptado en robótica. Con este nuevo enfoque se logra obtener un modelo dinámico bastante completo. Revista: DYNA Colombia Vol.81, págs ,2014. Microwave Characteristics of Sol-Gel Based Ag-Doped (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3thin Films. Autores: Kyoung-Tae Kim, Cheolbok Kim, David E. Senior, Dongsu Kim, Yong-Kyu Yoon. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. dsenior@unitecnologica.edu.co University of Florida, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar. Dielectric Ba 0.6Sr 0.4TiO 3 (BST) thin films with a different concentration of Ag-dopant of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 5 mol % have been prepared using an alkoxide-based sol-gel method on a Pt(111)/TiO 2/SiO 2/Si substrate and their surface morphology and crystallinity have been examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. An on-chip metal-insulator-metal capacitor has been fabricated with the prepared thin film ferroelectric sample. Concentric coplanar electrodes are used for high frequency electrical characterization with a vector network analyzer and a probe station. The SEM images show that increasing Ag doping concentration leads to a decrease in grain size. XRD reveals that the fabricated films show good BST crystallinity for all the concentration while a doping concentration of 5 mol % starts to show an Ag peak, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 11

12 Anuario de investigaciones implying a metallic phase. Improved microwave dielectric loss properties of the BST thin films are observed in a low Ag doping level. Especially, BST with an Ag doping concentration of 1 mol % shows the best properties with a dielectric constant of 269.3, a quality factor of 48.1, a tunability at the electric field of 100 kv/cm of 41.2 %, a leakagecurrent density of A/cm 2 at an electric field of 100 kv/cm and a figure of merit (defined by tunability (%) divided by tan δ (%)) of under a dc bis voltage of 10 V at 1 GHz. Revista: Thin Solid Films Vol. 565, Pags , 28 August Increasing Energy efficiency in low-income Households Through Targeting Awareness and Behavioral Change. Autores: Iana Vassileva, Javier Campillo. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jcampill@unitecnologica.edu.co The lack of energy awareness among energy consumers has been the main obstacle when it comes to domestic energy savings. In countries like Sweden where wages are high, energy awareness is based mainly on environmental concerns. However, energy awareness is usually amongst consumers with low income or foreign background. This article presents the results of the analysis of two groups of households, located in different cities in Sweden, all characterized by having low income. The obtained results and experience will be applied to some of the implementation stages of measures targeting different sustainability issues in other low-income neighborhoods in Sweden. Consumers are informed about different solutions and possibilities to save energy and tap-hot water with low cost or no cost measures. Results show that choosing households with high energy saving potential and selecting the most suitable (based on households' characteristics and needs) ways of providing energy consumption feedback, within the group are essential since consumption levels Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 12

13 Anuario de investigaciones tend to increase when consumers realize they consume less than similar households. The majority of the consumers are retired or families with more than 2 children and their average annual electricity consumption is approximately 2000 kwh. It was found that the consumers' preferred ways for receiving consumption feedback were mainly letters and in-home displays; both environmental factors as well as money are important motivational factors to save energy; consumers are striving to reduce their electricity consumption and have the knowledge necessary to maintain low consumption, despite not being very interested in energy related topics. The main differences when comparing the answered questionnaires sent to all households were found between the groups (with different locations) rather than within the groups. The location of the households groups, the age of the consumers and the presence of children in the group affect the levels of energy related knowledge and should be considered when introducing domestic energy saving and efficiency strategies. Revista: Renewable Energy Vol. 67, Pages 59 63, July Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 13

14 Anuario de investigaciones Publicaciones No Arbitradas. Desing Model of a Hydrodynamic Towing Tank for Colombia. Autores: Wilson Toncel Zuleta, Jairo Cabrera. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia jcabrera@unitecnologica.edu.co Revista: Colombia has broad coastlines and hydrographic basins that have granted it great diversity and hydric richness; its seacoasts and rivers are potential commercial and transportation paths currently unappreciated, perhaps without knowing that using this mode of transportation may significantly reduce logistics costs. In spite of having coastlines on two oceans, the development of the naval industry in Colombia has been limited due to lack of ideas and proposals that push an effective start to this field. This paper develops a methodology for the design of a hydrodynamic ship tank model and its main components the current and projected needs of the maritime and river industry of Colombia. Beside allowing resistance, seakeeping and maneuvering model test with international standards. Ship Science & Technology, Vol. 7, No. 14, Pags , January 2014 Solución Creativa de Problemas. Autor: Luis Carlos Arraut Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar Cartagena, Colombia. larraut@unitecnologica.edu.co La publicación describe las cinco habilidades de las personas innovadoras y describe el proceso creativo de realizar divergencia y convergencia para ser más innovador. Se acompaña de una actividad de gamestorming que se propone en la publicación como taller. Revista: Publicaciones Unitecnologica. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 14

15 Anuario de investigaciones Ponencias en Eventos Hardware Assisted Thread Isolation for Concurrent C/C++ Programs. Autores: Juan Carlos Martínez Santos and Yunsi Fei Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jcmartinezs@unitecnologica.edu.co Evento: Publicación: On a resource-sharing platform, running software subcomponents in isolation is critical to protect user's privacy and data security. In client-server applications, thread isolation is required to prevent private data that only belongs to certain threads from being read or modified by other unauthorized threads running in the same address space. However, the current programming languages (C/C++) and compilers do not provide such support for multi-threaded programs. In this paper, we propose HATI, a hardware assisted thread isolation approach. Different from software approaches, where both data access right setting and run-time monitoring of data objects access are embedded in applications and therefore result in significant dynamic memory usage and performance degradation, HATI leverages on-chip hardware modules to reduce the run-time validation time. It introduces much smaller memory overhead and very low performance degradation. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW '14). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, DOI= /IPDPSW Vibrational Response of Elastic Membranes Coupled to Acoustic Fluids Using a BEM BEM Formulation Autores: J. Useche, N. Alexander In the last two decades, few works have been reported in the literature related to analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems using Boundary Element Method for modeling both structure and fluid. To the author s Universidad knowledge, none of them applied to the dynamic Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, analysis of elastic membranes coupled to acoustic fluids. Colombia. In this work a full time-direct Boundary Element juseche@unitecnologica.edu.co Formulation for the dynamic analysis of elastic Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 15

16 Anuario de investigaciones membranes coupled to acoustics fluid is presented. The elastic membranes are modeled using the classical linear elastic pre-stretched membrane theory. The acoustic fluid is modeled using the acoustic-wave equation for homogeneous, isotropic, inviscid and irrotational fluids. Elastostatic fundamental solution is used in the boundary element formulation for the elastic membrane. The boundary element formulation for the acoustic fluid is based on the fundamental solution of three dimensional Poisson equation. Domain integrals related to inertial terms and those related with distributed pressure on membrane, were treated using the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method. Fluid structure coupling equations were established considering the continuity of the normal acceleration of the particles and dynamic pressure at fluid structure interfaces. The time integration is carried out using the Houbolt method. Results obtained shown the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed boundary element formulation. Evento: IMAC XXXII: A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics. Orlando, EE.UU. May Proceedings of the 32nd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2014: Topics in Modal Analysis I. Volumen 7. Págs Thermoeconomic Indicators of Air Conditioning in a River Ship to Change the Configuration of their Thermal Insulation Autor: J. Fajardo, B. Sarria, M. Alvarez Guerra This work has as object of study the energy of a river ship air conditioning system performance, using fiberglass, polyurethane or rockwool as insulation. Thermoeconomics Indicators based on second law of thermodynamics which take into account the quality of the energy and the cost of the exergy were used for research. It was observed that: (i) by increasing the thickness of the insulation the irreversibilities decreased, (ii) increases in the destroyed exergy increased generation of cooling load costs and (iii) costs per unit of exergy of heat load and area for the generation of cooling Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 16

17 Anuario de investigaciones Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jfajardo@unitecnologica.edu.co load and for investment in exergetic insulation, were minors for polyurethane. Evento: 14 th International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition IMECE2014. Publicación: ISBN: , Design of an Electrogoniometer based on Accelerometers for the Evaluation of Sports Gesture in Weight Lifting. Autores: Gisell Isabel de la Haye Chamorro, Isabela Marina Mercado Aguirre, Sonia H. Contreras-Ortiz. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. scontreras@unitecnologica.edu.co Evento: Publicación: This article describes the design and implementation of an electrogoniometer to measure joint angles during the execution of weight lifting exercises. The electrogoniometer consists of four microelectromechanical accelerometers connected to a microcontroller. The microcontroller is connected via USB to a computer. Preliminary tests show that the system offers high precision and accuracy at angle measurement. Error in the measured values is less than 0.3% when comparing to a commercial digital goniometer, and it is low cost. IEEE 3rd International Congress of Mechatronics and Automation Engineering CIIMA DOI: /CIIMA Design of an Electronic System for Monitoring Muscle Activity in Weightlifting. Autores: Edgardo L. Mercado-Medina, Zulay D. Chavarro-Hernández, Juan A. Domínguez-Jiménez, Sonia H. Contreras Ortiz. Electronic systems based on body area networks can be used to monitor sports performance. These systems use sensors to acquire signals from the athlete while performing the exercises, and a communication system to transmit the data to a computer or smart phone to analyze it. That information can be used to evaluate sport Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 17

18 Anuario de investigaciones Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. scontreras@unitecnologica.edu.co Evento: Publicación: performance quantitatively, prevent and treat injuries, and design personalized training programs. Surface electromyography (SEMG) is used to study muscle function during dynamic activities, and can be used for the biomechanical analysis of gait, sports gesture, muscle fatigue, and sports performance This paper describes the design, construction and evaluation of an electronic circuit for monitoring muscle activation during weight-lifting exercises. The system has the following stages: an instrumentation amplifier to amplify the electromyographic (EMG) signal and reduce commonmode noise, a band-pass filter to limit the frequency content to the range 30 to 500 Hz, a precision rectifier, and a low-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 35 Hz, to obtain the signal envelope. The system uses two 9 V batteries, and is portable. Preliminary tests have been done and the acquired EMG signal has amplitudes in the order of volts. IEEE 3rd International Congress of Mechatronics and Automation Engineering CIIMA 2014 DOI: /CIIMA Design and Construction of a Power Meter to Optimize Usage of the Electric Power. Autores: Maryori Sabalza M., Jesús D. Borré O., Juan Carlos Martínez Santos Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jcmartinezs@unitecnologica.edu.co In this article, we present Electric Power Meter, a device that allows us to measure the energy consumption per electrical circuit even for each device at home. Detailed knowledge of the consumption of each device will allow us to identify which devices are those that increase the cost of our bill. Likewise, our device will help to identify when one of them is not working properly. In this prototype, we use a co-design methodology hardware software. Our design is based on open platforms, both hardware and software. Preliminary results show that our meter can monitor a three-phase load or three single-phase three loads with an average error less than 5% when it estimates the instantaneous power. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 18

19 Anuario de investigaciones Evento: Publicación: IEEE 3rd International Congress of Mechatronics and Automation Engineering CIIMA DOI: /CIIMA Using Close Range Photogrammetric Method to Estimate Kinetic Variables in Olympic-Style Weightlifting. Autores: Luz Alejandra Magre, Juan Carlos Martínez Santos Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jcmartinezs@unitecnologica.edu.co Evento: Olympic-style weightlifting, or weightlifting, is an athletic discipline that has as a goal lift the heaviest amount of weight attached a weight set. Weightlifting complements other athletic disciplines to increase power and improve performance. Weight training exercises are also an important part of physical rehabilitation from muscle, joint, tendons, and ligaments injuries. To determinate its efficiency, optimize it, prevent lesions, or help in the rehab process indirect and direct methods are commonly used. Direct methods use data from muscular signals to estimate force, torque, and kinematic variables whereas indirect methods like as close range photogrammetric get data directly from a video camera. In this paper, we present a non-invasive system to recover the positions and motion pathways of weight set during lifting moment. Active and passive tracking marks are used to leverage the detection of points of interest. Kinematic parameters were collected and analyzed using moving pictures analysis system implemented in Processing and using OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision) framework. The preliminary results indicate that our close range photogrammetric method is able to measure kinematic variable in weightlifting during physical or rehab training as well as during competition. Our experiment shows the error in the position measure is less than 2.24% in average. IEEE 3rd International Congress of Mechatronics and Automation Engineering CIIMA Publicación: DOI: /CIIMA Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 19

20 Anuario de investigaciones Study of the Lower Limp s Angle During Weightlifting Exercises Using an Accelerometer-Based System. Autores: Richard Alexander Díaz Parada, Juan Carlos Martínez Santos Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. jcmartinezs@unitecnologica.edu.co Evento: Publicación: This article describes the implementation and use of a two-accelerometer system to measure the angle formed between lower joints of weightlifters during the execution of the technical gesture. Being aware of movement between joints will allow identifying bad moves and prevent injuries in athletes. Likewise, it will help in turn to rehabilitation for people with problems in the movement of their joints. This design is based on open platforms both hardware and software. The preliminary result shows that we can connect a twoaccelerometer system with an error in the measure of the angle no greater than 1.3% (0.795% on average). IEEE 3rd International Congress of Mechatronics and Automation Engineering CIIMA DOI: /CIIMA Mechatronic Design of an Automated Storage System Located Inside a Confined Space. Autores: E. Yime, J. Villa, J. Páez, H. Ortiz Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia. eyime@unitecnologica.edu.co Evento: Publicación: It is here presented the mechatronic design of an system with automatic storing and picking of small products. The design concept presents the system as a four degrees-offreedom robot capable of storing objects at different heights. The novelty of the design lies in the space optimization using stacked trays for storing the desired objetcs. Other key components of the system are a device for entry and exit of products, and a robotic arm for manipulating objects. A typical application of such a system is the storage of products inside safe-deposit boxes is presented. IEEE 3rd International Congress of Mechatronics and Automation Engineering CIIMA DOI: /CIIMA Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar 20