2. LOS TIEMPOS PASADOS

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1 This project funded by Leonardo da Vinci has been carried out with the support of the European Community. The content of this project does not necessarily reflect the position of the European Community or the National Agency, nor does it involve any responsibility on their part. MATERAL DE FORMACÓN 2. LOS TEMPOS PASADOS 2.1. EL PASADO SMPLE Esta es una estructura que describe hechos o acciones que sucedieron en el pasado (antes que ahora) y que han terminado. Veamos el ejemplo: William Shakespeare a famous English dramatist and writer. He lived in Stratford upon Avon. He wrote more than 30 plays. He died in Tiempo pasado: /lived/wrote/died Desgraciadamente hay diferentes normas para distintos tipos de verbos en el pasado: to be /, verbos modales (por ejemplo; can could), verbos regulares (por ejemplo; start), verbos irregulares (speak spoke) La forma del Pasado Simple es igual en todas las personas. you they moved (regular) went (irregular) to Prague in Usamos didn t + infinitivo (sin to) en todas las personas. you they didn t move go to Prague. s Usamos did +infinitivo (sin to) en todas las personas. Where When did you they go?

2 TEMPOS PASADOS Did you like it? Did she play tennis? s Yes, did. No, didn t Yes, she did. No, she didn t. Para formar el pasado simple de verbos regulares les añadimos ed. All students passed the final examination. My mother lives in Ostrava. Before that she lived in Prague. A veces hay cambios de ortografía al añadir -ed. - Si el verbo acaba en e, añadimos d: live lived, love - loved - Si el verbo es de una sola sílaba y tiene una vocal seguida por una consonante, doblamos la consonante: stop stopped, plan planned - Los verbos que acaban en consonante +y cambian a -ied: study studied, carry - carried Muchos verbos son irregulares; el pasado simple (afirmativo) no acaba en ed. Los tenemos que aprender ver la lista de verbos irregulares. Ejemplos Write wrote See saw Go went Speak spoke Tell told Grow grew USO El Pasado Simple expresa una acción que está terminada, completa. played tennis yesterday. lived in Ostrava from 1990 to My parents left two hours ago. El PASADO del verbo TO BE (am/is/are) is /, n t/n t angry because they late. Did you go shopping yesterday or you at home? n t at work on Friday. and negative n t n t in the cinema last night. on holiday last week. 2

3 TEMPOS PASADOS Where?? Yes/No question Was he at home? re you at work? re they happy? Yes, he. No, he n t. Yes,. No, n t. Yes, they. No, they n t. 2.2 EL PASADO CONTNUO Esta es otra estructura gramatical (junto con el Pasado Simple) que expresa acciones o hechos en el pasado para más detalles ver el apartado USO y FORMA. Básicamente, el Pasado Continuo consiste en el pasado de be (/) + -ing (participio del verbo) and negative n t n t working doing? Yes/No question re you working yesterday? Was she studying when you arrived? Yes,. No, n t. Yes, she. No, she n t. USO Se usa el pasado continuo para decir que alguien o algo se encontraban realizando una actividad en un momento dado. La acción o situación había comenzado antes pero todavía no había terminado. This time last year living in Brazil. you doing at 10 o'clock last night? waved to her but she n't looking. Lo podemos usar también para expresar una actividad que comenzó antes que la acción expresada por el Pasado Simple: She cooking dinner when he arrived. 3

4 TEMPOS PASADOS El Pasado Continuous expresa una actividad en progreso, y probablemente después,de un momento en el pasado: When woke up this morning, the sun shining. you doing at 9.00 a.m.? El Pasado Continuo da tiempo y duración a actividades pasadas. La actividad puede ser interrumpida: you doing at 7.oo? listening to my new CD. cooking dinner when Tom arrived. En cuentos, el Pasado Continuo puede describir la escena. El Pasado Simple describe la acción: t a beautiful day. The sun shining and the birds singing, so we decided to go for a ride. took my bike VERBOS MODALES BÁSCOS EN PASADO Los verbos modales, en general, preceden al verbo principal (en infinitivo sin to). Su papel es dar otro significado al verbo (cambiarlo) probabilidad, permiso, obligación... etc. En su froma presente (capítulo01_ tiempos_presentes) expresan tanto presente como futuro ; cuando queremos expresar Pasado, es posible usar su forma en pasado (can could) o una paráfrasis en el pasado ( had to go.). Can/cannot could/couldn t; (n t)/(n t) able to Could y couldn t tienen la misma forma en todas las personas. No hay did. El infinitivo (sin to) viene después de Could. could swim (when six.) couldn t swim. could do? 4

5 TEMPOS PASADOS Could you drive when you 15? Could she cook? Podemos usar también una paráfrasis: Yes, could. No, couldn t. Yes, she could. No, she couldn t could dance. = able to dance Could you sing? = re you able to sing? She couldn t come. = She n t able to come. USO Usamos could/couldn t para expresar permiso o capacidad/incapacidad en el pasado: When young, could swim very fast. Tom couldn t come to the party last Saturday. Ojo: Muchas veces en preguntas tipo Could you...? o Could...? no preguntamos sobre capacidad,sino que pedimos a alguien que haga algo (Could you open the window, please?) o preguntamos si está bien hacer algo (Could use you phone?) Must/needn t had to/didn t have to La forma en pasado de must es had (+ infinitive with to) had to go. La forma de needn t en pasado es didn t have (+ infinitive with to)- didn t have to go. had to work. didn t have to work. did have to do? Did you have to drive when you 15? Did she have to cook? Yes, did. No, didn t. Yes, she did. No, she didn t. 5

6 TEMPOS PASADOS May/mustn t (may not) (n t)/(n t) allowed to El pasado de may es / allowed to; el pasado de mustn t es n t/n t allowed to Pasado de may es / allowed to; pasado de mustn t es n t/n t allowed to... Was... allowed to smoke.... Wasn t... n t allowed to smoke. allowed do? re you able to drive when you 15? Was she able to cook? Yes,. No, n t. Yes, she. No, she n t. 6