LEVEL ONE ABOUT THIS COURSE

Transcripción

1 by Henry N. Raymond LEVEL ONE Learn In Your Car Spanish is the only language learning system designed to teach a foreign language in your car as you drive, without the aid of a textbook. However, for your reference, this booklet contains the entire recorded text so that you can see how the words are spelled. This booklet also contains additional explanations which will be helpful to you if you have trouble understanding some of the concepts in the program. ABOUT THIS COURSE Learn In Your Car Spanish is designed and organized with the traveler in mind. The following guidelines are used: 1. The basic premise is that communicating in a language requires learning words, phrases and sentences: but you can't learn to communicate effectively in a language unless you know the individual meaning of each word. 2. The emphasis is on communication. Words, phrases or sentences can be used to communicate. It is not always necessary to use a complete sentence to convey a thought. 3. It teaches the way a child learns. Children start by learning one-word sentences, then two-word sentences, etc. 4. It teaches the most important things first. This course does not use your valuable memory to store useless words. The important words you need to survive and get around are taught first. Grammar is introduced in the later lessons, but it is taught with examples rather than rules.

2 5. No more than one new word is introduced at a time. This means you won't hear a sentence or a phrase and wonder which sound corresponds to which word. 6. No textbook is required. The fact that no more than one new word is introduced at a time enables you to use the CDs effectively without referring to a textbook. The CDs are designed to be used without a textbook so that you can use them while driving a car or while doing other things that require similar amounts of concentration. 7. Literal (word-for-word) translations are used as much as possible. This enables you to understand how a sentence or phrase is constructed and what the individual words mean. HOW TO USE LEARN IN YOUR CAR SPANISH The first track on the first disk is an introduction. Lessons start on the following track. Start by playing through Lesson One. For each expression you will hear the English version followed by a pause, then the Spanish translation followed by a pause, then the Spanish translation a second time followed by a third pause. At first, you will only be able to imitate the Spanish words in the two pauses after the Spanish translations (the second and third pauses). As you learn and progress, you will be able to recall and recite the Spanish version during the first pause before you hear the first Spanish translation. Be sure to speak the Spanish expressions out loud. The rate at which you learn will be significantly slower if you do not speak the expressions aloud. Play Lesson One several times until you learn most of it. Then start playing Lesson One followed by Lesson Two until you learn most of Lesson Two. As you progress, keep adding lessons. Always go back to the beginning of Lesson One to reinforce the material you have already learned. (As you progress through the material, you may want to restart at some place other than the start of Lesson One. This is fine as long as you know all the material ahead of your starting point. Later lessons are designed with the assumption that you already know the material in earlier lessons.)

3 NOTES ABOUT THE TEXT Words that are underlined in phrases in the text have the same meaning in both English and Spanish. When a new word is introduced, it will usually be underlined. Literal translations are in brackets with an "L." such as: [L. This is a literal translation.] Words in brackets [like this] are understood, but are not heard on the recording. NOTES ABOUT THE CDs The disc and track numbers for each lesson are listed in the Table of Contents. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Gabriella Rapkin, Yvonne Anfossi, Annette Norris and Linda Rabin who helped to make this audio production possible. Hank Raymond Published and distributed by Penton Overseas, Inc., 2005, 1994 Penton Overseas. All rights reserved.

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Disc 1: Tracks : Introduction and Instructions 2: Lesson 1 Basics 3: Lesson 2 Basic Phrases 4: Lesson 3 Transportation Nouns 5: Lesson 4 Transportation Phrases 6: Lesson 5 Money 7: Lesson 6 Hotel 8: Lesson 7 Important Words 9: Lesson 8 Directions 10: Lesson 9 Numbers 11: Lesson 10 More Numbers 12: Lesson 11 Big Numbers 13: Lesson 12 Very Big Numbers 14: Lesson 13 At the Restaurant 15: Lesson 14 Shopping 16: Lesson 15 Time, General Disc 2: Tracks : Introduction 2: Lesson 16 Time of Day 3: Lesson 17 Questions 4: Lesson 18 Shops 5: Lesson 19 Nouns 6: Lesson 20 Adjectives and Adverbs 7: Lesson 21 Verbs 8: Lesson 22 Prepositions 9: Lesson 23 Prepositional Pronouns 10: Lesson 24 Possessive Adjectives 11: Lesson 25 Conjunctions and Similar Words Disc 3: Tracks : Introduction 2: Lesson 26 Sentences and Phrases, General 3: Lesson 27 Sentences and Phrases, Negative 4: Lesson 28 Forming Questions 5: Lesson 29 Sentences and Phrases, General 6: Lesson 30 Sentences and Phrases, Transportation 7: Lesson 31 Sentences and Phrases, Money 8: Lesson 32 Sentences and Phrases, Hotel 9: Lesson 33 Sentences and Phrases, Getting Around 10: Lesson 34 Sentences and Phrases, Directions 11: Lesson 35 Sentences and Phrases, Conversation 12: Lesson 36 Sentences and Phrases, Internet

5 LESSON 1 LECCIÓN 1 BASICS LO BÁSICO I yo you (familiar) tú you (polite) usted he / it él she / it ella this esto we nosotros you (plural) ustedes you (plural, familiar, as used in Spain) vosotros they (masculine and mixed) ellos they (feminine) ellas good morning / good day buenos días good afternoon buenas tardes good evening / goodnight buenas noches good-bye adiós please por favor thank you gracias you re welcome de nada 1

6 yes sí no no good (masculine) bueno bad (masculine) malo sir / Mr señor Madam / Mrs señora miss señorita Tú = familiar you singular, used in casual conversation. Usted = polite you used with strangers or to be polite. Ustedes = plural you as used in Mexico, Central and South America (familiar and polite; in Spain, polite only). Vosotros = plural you as used in Spain (familiar, plural). Feminine = Vosotras Nosotros = We (masculine or masculine and feminine). Nosotras = We (feminine only). LESSON 2 LECCIÓN 2 BASIC PHRASES FRASES BÁSICAS I want Yo quiero I don t want Yo no quiero. Where? Dónde? 2

7 Where is? Dónde está? Where is the bathroom? Dónde está el baño? How much? Cuánto? How much does it cost? [L. How much costs?] Cuánto cuesta? the time [L. the hour] la hora What time? [L. What hour?] Qué hora? At what time? A qué hora? You have Usted tiene Do you have? / Have you? Tiene usted? I understand Yo comprendo. I don t understand Yo no comprendo. You understand? Comprende usted? It is / That is Eso es Is it? / Is that? Es eso? Subject pronouns (yo, tú, usted, él, ella, nosotros, ustedes, vosotros, ellos, ellas) generally are not required to be used in sentences. This is because the subject pronoun can be determined by simply observing which form (conjugation) of the verb is used. When personal pronouns are used, they are used for emphasis. 3

8 LESSON 3 LECCIÓN 3 TRANSPORTATION NOUNS NOMBRES DE TRANSPORTE train tren a train un tren the train el tren the trains los trenes an automobile un coche the automobile el coche a taxi un taxi the taxi el taxi a boat un barco the boat el barco an airplane un avión the airplane el avión the bus el autobús the bus stop [L. the stop of buses.] la parada de autobuses a bus stop una parada de autobuses a ticket un billete / un boleto the ticket el billete the ticket window / the ticket office la taquilla 4

9 an airport un aeropuerto the airport el aeropuerto the flight el vuelo a connection una conexión the connections las conexiones the gate la puerta the railway el ferrocarril the railway station la estación de ferrocarril the bus terminal la terminal de autobuses the platform el andén Which platform? Cuál andén? Which track? Cuál vía? Which train car? Cuál vagón? In Spanish all nouns have a gender. That is, they are considered masculine or feminine. Words modifying nouns must agree in gender with the nouns. Above you see the articles el and un modifying masculine nouns and the articles la and una modifying feminine nouns. The plural of la is las. The plural of el is los. The plural of un is unos. The plural of una is unas. 5

10 LESSON 4 LECCIÓN 4 TRANSPORTATION PHRASES FRASES DE TRANSPORTE Where is the train station? Dónde está la estación de trenes? to the railway station, please a la estación de ferrocarril, por favor to the airport, please al aeropuerto, por favor I want a taxi Yo quiero un taxi. I would like Quisiera I would like a ticket Quisiera un boleto. A ticket to [L. A ticket for ] Un boleto para the train to Madrid el tren para Madrid the train from Madrid el tren de Madrid the train from Madrid to Paris el tren de Madrid a París first (feminine) primera first class primera clase second class segunda clase a one-way ticket un boleto de ida a round-trip ticket un boleto de ida y vuelta no smoking no fumar no smokers no fumadores At what time does the train leave? A qué hora sale el tren? 6

11 At what time does the train arrive? A qué hora llega el tren? Where is the bus to Cancún? Dónde está el autobús para Cancún? Which number? Cuál número? Which seat? Cuál asiento? seat number five el asiento número cinco a timetable / a schedule un horario the first train el primer tren the second train el segundo tren the next train el próximo tren the last train el último tren al = a + el Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. Notice in this lesson that one says primera clase (feminine), but primer tren (masculine). Quisiera in English means I would like. The literal translation is That I might want. Quisiera is much more polite and should be used instead of Quiero whenever possible. LESSON 5 LECCIÓN 5 MONEY DINERO the money el dinero 7

12 European money dinero europeo Mexican money dinero mexicano Mexican pesos pesos mexicanos the bank el banco Where is the bank? Dónde está el banco? currency / coin / small change la moneda to change money cambiar moneda I would like to change some money Quisiera cambiar algún dinero. to buy comprar I would like to buy some euros Quisiera comprar algunos euros. the exchange rate el cambio What is the exchange rate? [L. At how is the exchange rate?] A cómo está el cambio? a banknote un billete a check un cheque to travel viajar a traveler s check [L. a check of traveler] un cheque de viajero credit crédito a credit card una tarjeta de crédito the machine la máquina the ATM / cash machine la máquina de caja automática 8

13 LESSON 6 LECCIÓN 6 HOTEL HOTEL a hotel un hotel a room un cuarto a better room un cuarto mejor I would like a better room Quisiera un cuarto mejor. a bathroom un baño with bathroom con baño without bathroom sin baño a shower una ducha / una regadera a wash basin un lavabo I want a room with a bathroom Quiero un cuarto con baño. and a shower y una regadera How much does it cost? Cuánto cuesta? expensive caro very expensive muy caro too much demasiado too expensive demasiado caro It s too expensive Es demasiado caro. cheap barato 9

14 cheaper [L. more cheap] más barato Do you have a less expensive room? Tiene un cuarto más barato? Do you have the key? Tiene la llave? the week la semana per week por semana per night por noche the air conditioning el aire acondicionado vacancy [L. vacancy / room unoccupied] vacante / cuarto desocupado no vacancy completo / cupo completo It works. / It functions Funciona. It does not work No funciona. The shower does not work La ducha no funciona. LESSON 7 LECCIÓN 7 IMPORTANT WORDS PALABRAS IMPORTANTES the water el agua drinking water agua potable the luggage el equipaje my luggage mi equipaje the suitcase la maleta 10

15 the suitcases las maletas my suitcase mi maleta my suitcases mis maletas this suitcase esta maleta that suitcase esa maleta this one éste / ésta that one ése / ésa that one over there aquél / aquélla this ticket este boleto a backpack una mochila the counter el mostrador the baggage check la consigna / el mostrador del equipaje the key la llave the locker un cajón con llave / el casillero the railroad el ferrocarril the town el pueblo a map un mapa the city la ciudad a map of the city un mapa de la ciudad open abierto [singular, masculine] closed cerrado [singular, masculine] 11

16 the passport el pasaporte a notebook una libreta a ticket book una libreta de boletos the police la policía the police officer (masculine) el policía In this lesson, ésa and ésta are feminine pronouns, whereas ése and éste are masculine. LESSON 8 LECCIÓN 8 DIRECTIONS DIRECCIONES to the right a la derecha to the left a la izquierda Turn to the right Doble a la derecha. Turn to the left Doble a la izquierda. straight ahead derecho / adelante the corner la esquina around the corner a la vuelta de la esquina the street la calle the side el lado the other side el otro lado the other side of the street el otro lado de la calle 12

17 the end of the street el final de la calle to the end of the street al final de la calle to the bank al banco here aquí there allí over there allá near [L. near from] cerca de near the corner cerca de la esquina far lejos far from here lejos de aquí this address esta dirección next to / at the side of al lado de as far as / until hasta as far as the bank hasta el banco as far as the corner hasta la esquina Note the contraction al = a + el. 13

18 LESSON 9 LECCIÓN 9 NUMBERS NÚMEROS cero uno dos tres cuatro cinco seis siete ocho nueve diez LESSON 10 LECCIÓN 10 MORE NUMBERS MÁS NÚMEROS once doce trece catorce 14

19 quince dieciséis diecisiete dieciocho diecinueve veinte LESSON 11 LECCIÓN 11 BIG NUMBERS NÚMEROS GRANDES veinte veintiuno veintidós treinta treinta y uno treinta y dos treinta y tres cuarenta cuarenta y uno cincuenta sesenta 15

20 setenta ochenta noventa cien LESSON 12 LECCIÓN 12 VERY BIG NUMBERS NÚMEROS MUY GRANDES cien ciento uno ciento dos ciento quince doscientos doscientos veinte trescientos cuatrocientos quinientos seiscientos setecientos ochocientos novecientos 16

21 mil mil cien mil doscientos mil quinientos mil setecientos 10, diez mil 100, cien mil 1,000, un millón LESSON 13 LECCIÓN 13 AT THE RESTAURANT EN EL RESTAURANTE a table una mesa For how many? Para cuántos? I would like a table for two Quisiera una mesa para dos. I would like this one Quisiera ésta. I would like that one over there Quisiera aquélla. another table otra mesa Do you have another table? Tiene otra mesa? the window la ventana near the window cerca de la ventana 17

22 The menu, please La carta, por favor. / El menú, por favor. The bill, please La cuenta, por favor. included incluido Is the service included? Está incluido el servicio? the soup la sopa the salad la ensalada an appetizer una tapa / una entrada a dessert un postre a drink una bebida waiter camarero / mesero waitress camarera / mesera to call a waiter Señor! to pay pagar I want to pay Quiero pagar. Two coffees, please Dos cafés, por favor. Do you want a dessert? [L. Want you a dessert?] (polite).... Quiere usted un postre? 18

23

24 less expensive menos caro [masculine] too expensive demasiado caro [masculine] cheap barato [masculine] something algo I would like something like this Quisiera algo como éste. [masculine] I want something less expensive Quiero algo menos caro. I am looking for Busco No, not like that No, no como ése. [masculine] Thank you, sir Gracias, señor. In Spanish, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in both gender (masculine or feminine) and number. For example, pequeño would become pequeños or pequeñas (depending on gender) if it were modifying a plural noun. Sometimes this changes the sound and / or the spelling of the adjective significantly, sometimes it doesn t. The demonstrative pronouns shown above (this, that, these, those) are shown in their masculine forms. When these words are used to describe feminine or neuter objects, then the appropriate feminine or neuter pronoun must be used: this that these those MASCULINE éste ése / aquél éstos ésos / aquéllos FEMININE ésta ésa / aquélla éstas ésas / aquéllas NEUTER esto eso / aquello estos esos / aquellos 20

25 LESSON 15 LECCIÓN 15 TIME, GENERAL TIEMPO, EN GENERAL a moment un momento a day un día a week una semana a month un mes a year un año today hoy tomorrow mañana yesterday ayer now ahora not now ahora no not yet todavía no this year este año the next year el año próximo the last year el año pasado in two days en dos días two days ago hace dos días two times dos veces three times tres veces 21

26 one more time / again otra vez on time a tiempo LESSON 16 LECCIÓN 16 TIME OF DAY HORA DEL DÍA time tiempo How long? [L. How much time?] Cuánto tiempo? What time is it? [L. Which hour is [it?]] Qué hora es? the morning la mañana noon mediodía the afternoon / the evening la tarde the night la noche midnight medianoche a second un segundo a minute un minuto an hour una hora 8 o clock las ocho It s one o clock Es la una. It s eight o clock Son las ocho. a quarter past eight [L. 8 o clock and a quarter] las ocho y cuarto 22

27 8: las ocho y quince half past eight [L. 8 o clock and a half] las ocho y media a quarter to nine las nueve menos cuarto / un cuarto para las nueve 8: las ocho y cincuenta ten minutes to nine las nueve menos diez / diez para las nueve 8 o clock in the morning las ocho de la mañana 4 o clock in the afternoon las cuatro de la tarde 8 o clock at night las ocho de la noche LESSON 17 LECCIÓN 17 QUESTIONS PREGUNTAS Who? / Whom? Quién? Who is it? Quién es? What? Qué? What is that? Qué es eso? What is this? Qué es esto? What is that over there? Qué es aquello? What did you say? Cómo? / Cómo dijo? When? Cuándo? 23

28 When does the train leave? Cuándo sale el tren? Where? Dónde? Where is the subway? Dónde está el metro? Which? Cuál? Which bus for Guadalajara? Cuál autobús para Guadalajara? Why? Por qué? Why not? Por qué no? How? Cómo? How are you? (singular, polite) Cómo está usted? How much? Cuánto? How many? Cuántos? / Cuántas? How many kilometers? Cuántos kilómetros? How far? [L. How much far?] Qué tan lejos? Do you want? (formal) Quiere? Do you want? (familiar) Quieres? LESSON 18 LECCIÓN 18 SHOPS TIENDAS the store / the shop la tienda a bakery una panadería 24

29 the butcher shop la carnicería a pharmacy una farmacia the supermarket el supermercado the pastry shop la pastelería / la dulcería the office la oficina / el despacho a post office una oficina de correos the customs house la aduana a laundry una lavandería the barber shop la barbería the hair salon la peluquería a beauty salon un salón de belleza a bookshop una librería the department store el almacén a market un mercado the police station la estación de policía a restaurant un restaurante the cafe / the coffeehouse el café an agency una agencia a travel agency una agencia de viajes the delicatessen la salchichonería 25

30 LESSON 19 LECCIÓN 19 NOUNS NOMBRES the town el pueblo the city la ciudad a country un país the name el nombre the food la comida a state un estado the United States los Estados Unidos a gift un regalo a male friend un amigo a female friend una amiga the postage stamp el sello / la estampilla an entrance una entrada the exit la salida the clothes la ropa the dirty laundry la ropa sucia a thing una cosa some algo 26

31 something alguna cosa / algo sometimes algunas veces the other / the other one (masculine) el otro nothing nada a man un hombre a woman una mujer a wife una esposa / una mujer the husband el esposo / el marido a child un niño / una niña the weather el tiempo a word una palabra the consulate el consulado the beach la playa the problem el problema a piece un pedazo the cashier s desk la caja a delay una demora / un retraso the opposite lo contrario a house una casa 27

32 LESSON 20 LECCIÓN 20 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS ADJETIVOS Y ADVERBIOS big grande small pequeño / pequeña good bueno / buena well bien not well no bien / no está bien bad malo / mala badly mal much / a lot of mucho / mucha very muy enough bastante / suficiente hot caliente warm tibio / tibia cold frío / fría ahead of schedule / early temprano behind schedule / delayed / late tarde / retrasada easy fácil difficult difícil beautiful hermoso / hermosa 28

33 few poco / poca a few unos pocos / unas pocas many muchos / muchas more más less menos about / almost casi important importante same mismo / misma similar similar opposite opuesto / opuesta different diferente up / upstairs arriba down / downstairs abajo fast rápido / rápida slow lento / lenta slower más lento / más despacio slowest el más lento / la más lenta slowly lentamente / despacio near cercano / cercana / cerca nearer más cerca nearest el más cercano / la más cercana 29

34 only solamente alone solo / sola already / now ya ready listo / lista Spanish español / española English inglés / inglesa American americano / americana British británico / británica Mexican mexicano / mexicana tall / high alto / alta short / low bajo / baja Remember, adjectives must agree in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine) with the nouns they modify. The feminine forms of the adjectives are shown in parentheses. Adjectives can usually be made into a plural form by adding an s (or an es if the singular form ends in a consonant). LESSON 21 LECCIÓN 21 VERBS VERBOS to be something (for a characteristic, origin, time) ser to be somewhere or somehow (for a location or condition)... estar 30

35 to have tener to want querer to go ir to do / to make hacer to eat comer to drink beber to buy comprar to sell vender to rent alquilar / rentar to pay / to pay for pagar to see ver to look at mirar to look for buscar to know (facts) saber to know people or places conocer to understand comprender / entender to come venir to write escribir to close cerrar to open abrir to learn aprender 31

36 to arrive llegar to leave / to go out salir to say decir to speak hablar to lose perder to steal robar to study estudiar to stop parar to like gustar to love amar / querer to live vivir to cost costar to sleep dormir to cut cortar to take tomar to finish / to end acabar / terminar to travel viajar to be able to (as in can or may ) poder to have to (as in should ) deber to have to (as in must ) tener que to need necesitar 32

37 to mean [L. to want to say] querer decir / significar to repeat repetir These are the infinitive forms of these verbs (i.e. to be, to go, to see, etc.) To speak correctly you need to use the correct form (conjugation) of the verb. If you don t know the correct conjugation, use the infinitive. You will most likely be understood. In most smaller dictionaries, only the infinitive form of a verb is listed. (In English, the infinitive form is listed without the to.) For example, in a small English dictionary, you would find eat, but most likely wouldn t find ate, eaten, eats, etc. Ser is used to describe a permanent situation, a characteristic, origin, or to tell time. Estar is used to describe a temporary condition or location. LESSON 22 LECCIÓN 22 PREPOSITIONS PREPOSICIONES to / at a from / of de with con without sin for / intended for / by para for / per / by por on / over sobre 33

38 on top of encima de / arriba de under / below debajo de in / on / at en into / inside dentro de outside fuera de / afuera de in front of or ahead of delante / en frente de in back of or behind detrás / atrás de before [time] antes de after [time] después de near cerca de far lejos de next to / at the side of al lado de beside junto a around alrededor de against contra between entre during durante since desde in the middle of en medio de through / across a través de across from [L. at the other side of] al otro lado de 34

39 LESSON 23 LECCIÓN 23 PREPOSITIONAL PRONOUNS PRONOMBRES PREPOSICIONALES for me para mí for you (familiar) para ti for you (polite) para usted for him / for it para él for her / for it para ella for it (neuter) para ello for us para nosotros / para nosotras for you (plural) para ustedes / para vosotros / para vosotras for them (all males or mixed) para ellos for them (all females) para ellas to him a él with her con ella from you (polite) de usted without me sin mí with them (all males or mixed) con ellos before us antes de nosotros after you (polite) después de usted 35

40 in front of them (females) delante de ellas near you (plural) cerca de ustedes behind you (familiar) detrás de ti through it a través de ello LESSON 24 LECCIÓN 24 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS my suitcase mi maleta my suitcases mis maletas your suitcase (familiar) tu maleta your suitcases (familiar) tus maletas his suitcase / her suitcase / your suitcase (polite) su maleta his suitcases / your suitcases (polite) / their suitcases sus maletas our suitcase nuestra maleta our suitcases nuestras maletas your suitcase (plural) / their suitcase su maleta my gift mi regalo your gift (familiar) tu regalo his gift / her gift / your gift (polite) su regalo our gift nuestro regalo 36

41 our gifts nuestros regalos your gift (plural) / their gift su regalo their gifts sus regalos your name (plural or polite) su nombre my (male) friend mi amigo our sister nuestra hermana our brother nuestro hermano our wives nuestras esposas / nuestras mujeres our husbands nuestros esposos / nuestros maridos his car / her car / your car / their car / your car (plural)..... su coche your car (plural, as in Spain) vuestro coche In Spanish, possessive adjectives agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the object possessed, not the gender of the possessor, as is the case in English. LESSON 25 LECCIÓN 25 CONJUNCTIONS AND SIMILAR WORDS CONJUNCIONES Y PALABRAS SIMILARES and y or o 37

42 also también but pero maybe / perhaps quizá / tal vez because porque if si then entonces afterwards después therefore por lo tanto however no obstante / sin embargo LESSON 26 LECCIÓN 26 SENTENCES AND PHRASES, GENERAL ORACIONES Y FRASES EN GENERAL I speak Spanish Yo hablo español. I do not speak Spanish Yo no hablo español. Do you speak Spanish? Habla usted español? a little un poco from here to there de aquí a allí at the railway station en la estación de ferrocarril on the platform sobre el andén in the train en el tren 38